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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 課時(shí)作業(yè)14 Astronomy：the science of the stars 新人教版 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 In Los Angeles, drivers spend sixtyone hours every year stuck in traffic. These drivers know all too well how bad the traffic can be. “Therere too many cars, and you cant move around a lot.” Professor Cyrus Shahabi also knows about traffic jams. He lives more than 65 kilometers from his office at the University of Southern California, in Los Angeles. He is always late even with the help of a navigation (導(dǎo)航) system. He decided to develop a program called ClearPath for that. He says his program uses historical data to predict traffic conditions even before the driver leaves the house. “Whats unique is that we use a lot of data thats currently bee available including traffic data, weather data, and we analyze that so that we can predict whats going to happen in front of you when you leave home.” Professor Shahabi says his system does more than just respond to current traffic conditions. With ClearPath, he says, a driver can decide what time he wants to leave, and ClearPath will give the fastest route. It looks at the entire road network, including surface streets as well as highways, before the driver hits the road. Professor Shahabi hopes to have ClearPath available nationwide and overseas once they can collect traffic data from other cities. “I always thought that Los Angeles had the worst traffic, but now I know that Shanghai, Beijing, Seoul, Tokyo, believe it or not, Singapore, Hong Kong certainly are examples that can immediately use this.” Professor Shahabi hopes to share this new technology with panies that already have navigation systems, such as Google and Apple. 1．Drivers in Los Angeles were mentioned in order to ______. A．show care for them　　　　 B．introduce their life C．solve traffic problems D．raise the topic 2．What is unique about ClearPath? A．It can use a lot of information all over the world. B．It can ensure that you will never be late for work. C．It helps drivers see clearly what happens on the road. D．It helps drivers know the road conditions ahead of time. 3．The underlined word “hits” in the fourth paragraph probably means ________. A．have an accident B．get to C．turn left or right D．collect traffic data 4．Whats Professor Shahabis attitude toward his invention? A．Disappointed. B．Proud. C．Optimistic. D．Worried. 答案與解析 1．D　寫作意圖題。通過(guò)舉例來(lái)引起下文，提出主題。 2．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中 Whats unique is that we use a lot of data thats currently...so that we can predict whats going to happen in front of you when you leave home. 可知。 3．B　詞義猜測(cè)題。由本段上一句可知，在司機(jī)出發(fā)之前，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)會(huì)對(duì)路況進(jìn)行分析。 4．C　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由文章最后一段可知，Professor Shahabi 希望自己的發(fā)明能夠得到進(jìn)一步推廣，對(duì)前景很樂(lè)觀。 Ⅱ.完形填空 Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need. It was a need that he first __1__ back in 1906 when young Dale was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg. To get an __2__， he was struggling against many difficulties. His family was poor. His Dad couldnt afford the __3__ at college, so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes. Study had to be done __4__ his farmwork routines. He withdrew from many school activities __5__ he didnt have the time or the __6__. He had only one good suit. He tried __7__ the football team, but the coach turned him down for being too __8__. During this period Dale was slowly __9__ an inferiority plex (自卑感), which his mother knew could __10__ him from achieving his real potential. She __11__ that Dale join the debating team, believing that __12__ in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed. Dale took his mothers advice, tried desperately and after several attempts __13__ made it. This proved to be a __14__ point in his life. Speaking before groups did help him gain the __15__ he needed. By the time Dale was a senior, he had won every top honor in __16__. Now other students were ing to him for coaching and they, __17__， were winning contests. Out of this early struggle to __18__ his feelings of inferiority, Dale came to understand that the ability to __19__ an idea to an audience builds a persons confidence. And, __20__ it, Dale knew he could do anything he wanted to do—and so could others. 1．A.admitted B．filled C．supplied D．recognized 2．A.assignment B．education C．a(chǎn)dvantage D．instruction 3．A.training B．board C．teaching D．equipment 4．A.between B．during C．over D．through 5．A.while B．when C．because D．though 6．A.permits B．interest C．talent D．clothes 7．A.on B．for C．in D．with 8．A.light B．flexible C．optimistic D．outgoing 9．A.gaining B．a(chǎn)chieving C．developing D．obtaining 10．A.prevent B．protect C．save D．free 11．A.suggested B．demanded C．required D．insisted 12．A.presence B．practice C．patience D．potential 13．A.hopefully B．certainly C．finally D．naturally 14．A.key B．breaking C．basic D．turning 15．A.progress B．experience C．petence D．confidence 16．A.horseriding B．football C．speech D．farming 17．A.in return B．in brief C．in turn D．in fact 18．A.convey B．overe C．understand D．build 19．A.express B．stress C．contribute D．repeat 20．A.besides B．beyond C．like D．with 答案與解析 本文為記敘文，主要介紹美國(guó)著名的人際關(guān)系學(xué)大師戴爾卡耐基是如何通過(guò)演講克服自卑走向成功的故事。 1．D　此處表示這是在1906年他第一次認(rèn)識(shí)到的一種需要。故用 recognize “認(rèn)出；認(rèn)識(shí)到；了解”。 2．B　根據(jù)下文提到的他的大學(xué)經(jīng)歷可知，此處表示他想接受教育。故用 education。 3．B　他家庭很窮，他父親付不起食宿費(fèi)，因此他要騎馬往返學(xué)校。training “訓(xùn)練”； board “食宿”； teaching “教學(xué)”； equipment “設(shè)備”，根據(jù)句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。 4．A　他不但要在農(nóng)場(chǎng)工作，也要去上學(xué)。between “在……之間”符合語(yǔ)境。 5．C　他放棄許多學(xué)?；顒?dòng)，因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有時(shí)間或合適的服裝。此處表示原因，故用 because。 6．D　根據(jù)下文的“He had only one good suit.”可知，此處表示沒(méi)有參加這些活動(dòng)的服裝。 7．B　此處表示他為了進(jìn)足球隊(duì)努力過(guò)，但被教練拒絕。for 表示目的。 8．A　只有 light “輕”才能符合教練拒絕的理由。此處表示他身材矮小，體重輕。flexible “靈活的”； optimistic “樂(lè)觀的”； outgoing “外向的”。 9．C　在這段時(shí)間里他慢慢地產(chǎn)生了自卑感。gain “獲得”； achieve “完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)”； develop “發(fā)展，培養(yǎng)，形成”； obtain “獲得”。此處表示慢慢培養(yǎng)的一種過(guò)程，故用 develop。 10．A　他母親知道這會(huì)阻止他發(fā)揮他的潛能。prevent...from doing “阻止……做某事”。 11．A　根據(jù)下文第三段開頭“Dale took his mothers advice.”可知，此處表示他母親對(duì)他的提議。故只有 suggest 合適。 12．B　母親認(rèn)為讓他參加辯論小組，通過(guò)演講可以讓他獲得信心。presence “在場(chǎng)”； practice “練習(xí)”； patience “耐心”； potential “潛能”。故B項(xiàng)正確。 13．C　他聽從母親的建議，發(fā)奮努力，經(jīng)過(guò)幾次嘗試最終獲得成功。finally “最后；終于”符合句意。 14．D　這次成功對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。a turning point “一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)”符合語(yǔ)境，表示他由自卑轉(zhuǎn)為自信。 15．D　根據(jù)上下文可知他通過(guò)演講最終獲得他所需要的信心。progress “進(jìn)步”； experience “經(jīng)驗(yàn)，經(jīng)歷”； petence “能力”； confidence “信心”。D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 16．C　根據(jù)上文提到的 speaking 可知，他在演講方面獲得每一個(gè)最高榮譽(yù)。故用 speech。 17．C　他開始指導(dǎo)學(xué)生演講，而他們也反過(guò)來(lái)贏得了多場(chǎng)比賽。in return “作為回報(bào)”； in brief “簡(jiǎn)言之”； in turn “反過(guò)來(lái)；依次”； in fact “事實(shí)上”。根據(jù)句意可知C項(xiàng)正確。 18．B　根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示他努力克服自卑。convey “傳達(dá)”； overe “克服”； undertake “承擔(dān)，從事”； build “建立”。根據(jù)句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。 19．A　此處表示通過(guò)演講來(lái)表達(dá)自己的想法，故要用 express “表達(dá)”。 20．D　通過(guò)這段經(jīng)歷，他開始明白對(duì)觀眾表達(dá)思想的這種能力能讓人樹立自信。他也明白，只要有了自信，他就能做成任何自己想做的事情；別人也是如此。with 表示“具有，帶有”；空格后的 it 指代前面提到的 confidence。 Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空 Susan：Im so glad to see you, David. __1__ has been such a long time. How are you? David：Im fine, and you? Susan：Im just wonderful. God, time goes by so quickly! Are you going to the air quality conference in Chicago? David：I am. And Im really glad to see you. It was not until last night __2__ I found your name in the conference materials, but it didnt e to my mind that we would meet on the plane. Susan：Im afraid I havent had time to look at __3__ conference materials very carefully. I had no idea you were ing, but I am certainly glad to see you. I was feeling very nervous about going there __4__ friends. David：I can imagine. My English has gotten not so fluent since I returned from the States, __5__ Im rather nervous myself. But I saw that you would give the most important talk at the conference. Susan：__6__ (frank) speaking, Im scared to __7__ (die) about it. David：Im just giving a talk in one of the workshop sections, and I hope I wont make all of you __8__ (disappoint)． Susan：But your English is much __9__ (good) than mine. David：But youre now the Director of the Air Quality Institute, so you __10__ know the technical terms. Susan：Maybe. But I still cant understand totally a lot of technical terms in my field. 答案與解析 1．It　it 代替時(shí)間。 2．that　It was not until...that...強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。 3．the　該空表特指，故用定冠詞 the。 4．without　without friends 沒(méi)有朋友。 5．so/thus/therefore　該空表“因此”，故用 so/thus/therefore。 6．Frankly　frankly speaking 說(shuō)實(shí)話。 7．death　be scared to death嚇?biāo)馈? 8．disappointed　形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 9．better　much 后跟形容詞的比較級(jí)。 10．must　must 表示肯定推測(cè)，表示“肯定”。 Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò) (xx浙江省樂(lè)清市月考) My mother is a teacher work in a key high school. She is too busy that she often has to get up early and stay up late. In addition to this, she hardly has any times to take exercise. She has been on poor health for some time. My father and I are worried that she may fall ill if she works too hard. These days Im thinking why to develop my mothers interest in playing sports. Considered that today is Mothers Day, I decided buy a pair of jogging shoes for her. I secret put them on the desk in her study. When my mother entered into her study this evening, she looked surprised, but she immediately realized my intention. She promises that she would go jogging every evening. 答案 My mother is a teacher in a key high school. She is busy that she often has to get up early and stay up late. In addition to this, she hardly has any to take exercise. She has been poor health for some time. My father and I are worried that she may fall ill if she works too hard. These days Im thinking to develop my mothers interest in playing sports. that today is Mothers Day, I decided buy a pair of jogging shoes for her. I put them on the desk in her study. When my mother entered her study this evening, she looked surprised, but she immediately realized my intention. She that she would go jogging every evening.