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2019年高中英語(yǔ) Unit 22 Environmental Protection過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè) 北師大版選修8 Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空(共15小題;每題1分,共15分) 1.The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without 　　　 his notes. A.bringing up　　　　　　　B.referring to C.looking for D.trying on 提示:句意為:“總統(tǒng)在商會(huì)上進(jìn)行了近一個(gè)小時(shí)的脫稿演講?！眀ring up“撫養(yǎng)”;refer to“參照,查閱”;look for“尋找”;try on“試穿”。 答案:B 2.A quarrel 　　　 last Sunday,and he 　　　 his family. A.was broken out;broke away B.broke out;broke away C.was broken out;broke away from D.broke out;broke away from 提示:句意為:“上星期日他與家人發(fā)生了口角,然后就離家出走了?！眀reak out無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);break away(from sb./sth.)“脫離,逃脫”。 答案:D 3.The loss has not yet been 　　　 accurately,but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars. A.calculated B.considered　 Cpleted D.controlled 提示:句意為:“還沒(méi)有對(duì)損失進(jìn)行精確的計(jì)算,但大家認(rèn)為會(huì)超過(guò)一億美元?！眂alculate“計(jì)算”;consider“認(rèn)為”;plete“完成”;control“控制”。 答案:A 4.—Hey,dear!Guess what?I’ve got a pay rise! —This 　　　 a celebration!Let’s go to sing Karaoke tonight. A.brings out B.works out C.calls for D.pays for 提示:此處表示“需要”之意,故選C項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)“把……拿出來(lái),顯露”;B項(xiàng)“計(jì)算出,結(jié)果(如何)”;D項(xiàng)“為……付款”。 答案:C 5.Mr Smith looks old,but 　　　,he is very young. A.in the fact B.in a reality C.as a matter of fact D.as matter of a fact 提示:固定短語(yǔ)as a matter of fact“實(shí)際上”。 答案:C 6.Would you please 　　　 the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes? A.look around B.look into　 C.look up D.look through 提示:句意為:“請(qǐng)你幫我瀏覽一下這篇論文,看看是否有明顯的錯(cuò)誤好嗎?”look around“環(huán)顧”;look into“調(diào)查”;look up“查閱,抬頭看”;look through“查看,快速瀏覽”。 答案:D 7.—Why do you suggest we buy a new machine? —Because the old one has been damaged 　　　. A.beyond reach B.beyond repair C.beyond control D.beyond description 提示:beyond reach“夠不著”;beyond repair“無(wú)法修理”;beyond control“無(wú)法控制”;beyond description“無(wú)法描述”。由題意可知應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。 答案:B 8.　　　 two giraffes,Zheng He later brought zebras,shells,elephant ivory back to China after his voyages. A.Beside B.Except C.In addition D.Apart from 提示:根據(jù)題意,此處表示“除了……之外(還有)”之意,故本題選D項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)應(yīng)改為Besides;B項(xiàng)意義不對(duì);C項(xiàng)應(yīng)改為In addition to。 答案:D 9.The ments are not directly 　　　 to this enquiry. A.associated B.relevance C.relevant D.remarkable 提示:句意為:“這些意見(jiàn)和這項(xiàng)調(diào)查沒(méi)有直接聯(lián)系。”be relevant to“與……相關(guān)”;relevance n.“關(guān)聯(lián)”;remarkable“顯著的”;be associated with “與……有關(guān)聯(lián)”。 答案:C 10.We have been looking forward to the day when the motorcar is replaced by some less dangerous 　　　 of transport. A.means B.methods C.manners D.ways 提示:表示“交通方式,交通手段”時(shí),只能用means,該詞的單復(fù)數(shù)同形。method表示系統(tǒng)科學(xué)的方法;manners“規(guī)矩”;way“方式,方法”。 答案:A 11.It was 　　　 of you to turn down the radio while the kids were doing their homework. A.considerable B.conscious C.considerate D.aware 提示:由句意可知此處應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)表示“體貼的,體諒的”。A項(xiàng)“可觀的,相當(dāng)多的”;B項(xiàng)“察覺(jué)的,意識(shí)到”;D項(xiàng)“察覺(jué)的,感覺(jué)到的”。 答案:C 12.The professor emphasises the dependence of theory on practice and that theory is based on practice and 　　　 serves practice. A.in return B.in turn C.in detail D.in addition 提示:句意為:“教授強(qiáng)調(diào)了理論對(duì)于實(shí)踐的依賴(lài),理論基于實(shí)踐,反過(guò)來(lái)為實(shí)踐服務(wù)?！眎n turn表示“反過(guò)來(lái),輪流,依次”,符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)“作為報(bào)答”;C項(xiàng)“詳細(xì)地”;D項(xiàng)“另外,而且”。 答案:B 13.Despite the fact that all three teams 　　　 different approaches to the problem,they were all immediate successes. A.adapted B.adopted C.acquired D.approved 提示:adopt different approaches意為“采用不同的方法”。A項(xiàng)“適應(yīng),改編”;C項(xiàng)“獲得”;D項(xiàng)“同意”。由句意可知本題應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。 答案:B 14.During the last Paralympics,all the rooms in the Paralympic Village in Beijing were so designed that they were easily 　　　 to the disabled. A.accessible B.available C.convenient D.valid 提示:此處表示“可以接近或使用的”,故A項(xiàng)符合題意。B項(xiàng)“可以得到的”;C項(xiàng)“方便的”,因?yàn)榭崭袂坝衑asily,所以不能選用,D項(xiàng)“合法的,有效的,有根據(jù)的”。 答案:A 15.There were many talented actors out there just waiting 　　　. A.to discover B.to be discovered C.discovered D.being discovered 提示:句意為“有許多有才能的演員,只是在等待著被發(fā)現(xiàn)?！眞ait為不及物動(dòng)詞,后跟不定式表示目的。wait (for sb.)to do sth.“等待著(某人)做某事”。just waiting to be discovered 在題干中作定語(yǔ),修飾actors。 答案:B Ⅱ.完形填空(共20小題;每題1.5分,共30分) (xx天津) I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it,when I was 13.My parents took us there for camping.On the way out,I asked them to wait while I ran up to E1 Capitan,a 　16　 rock of 3,300 feet straight up.I touched that giant rock and knew 　17　 I wanted to climb it.That has been my life’s passion (鐘愛(ài)) ever since — 　18　 the rocks and mountains of Yosemite.I’ve long made Yosemite my 　19　. About 15 years ago I started seeing a lot of 　20　,like toilet paper,beer cans,and empty boxes,around the area.It’s 　21　 me why visitors started respecting the place 　22　 and treated such a beautiful home-like place this way. I tried 　23　 trash (垃圾) myself,but the job was too big.I would 　24　 an hour or two on the job,only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later.Finally,I got so 　25　 it that I decided something had to change. As a rock-climbing guide,I knew 　26　 about organizing any big event.But in xx,together with some climbers,I set a date for a 　27　.On that day,more than 300 people 　28　.Over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash.It was amazing how much we were able to 　29　.I couldn’t believe the 　30　 we made — the park looked clean! Each year volunteers e for the cleanup from everywhere.In xx alone,2,945 people picked up 42,330 pounds of trash and 　31　 132 miles of roadway. I often hear people 　32　 about their surroundings.If you are one of them,I would say the only way to change things is by 　33　 rather than plaining.We need to teach by 　34　.You can’t blame others 　35　 you start with yourself. 16.A.distant B.huge C.narrow D.loose 提示:根據(jù)rock后面的數(shù)據(jù)3,300 feet以及下一句話中的形容詞giant可知,此處應(yīng)選擇huge,說(shuō)明這塊石頭非常巨大。 答案:B 17.A.immediately B.finally C.gradually D.recently 提示:根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,撫摸著那塊巨大的巖石,作者立刻有了一種想要攀爬的想法。 答案:A 18.A.imagining B.painting C.describing D.climbing 提示:根據(jù)上文出現(xiàn)的“I wanted to climb it”以及下文第26個(gè)空前面的“As a rock-climbing guide”可知,從此攀爬約塞米蒂?lài)?guó)家公園的巖石和山成為作者一生鐘愛(ài)的運(yùn)動(dòng)。 答案:D 19.A.garden B.home C.lab D.palace 提示:此處作者想要表現(xiàn)的是他對(duì)約塞米蒂?lài)?guó)家公園的熱愛(ài)和迷戀,已經(jīng)把它當(dāng)成了自己的家園。下文第22個(gè)空后面的形容詞home-like也是提示信息。 答案:B 20.A.material B.resources C.waste D.goods 提示:根據(jù)下文列舉的事物“toilet paper,beer cans,and empty boxes”可知,此處指的是人們亂丟的垃圾或者說(shuō)廢棄物。 答案:C 21.A.beyond B.against C.over D.within 提示:游客們亂扔垃圾的行為讓作者感到難以理解。sth. be beyond sb.意為“某事對(duì)于某人來(lái)說(shuō)難以想象或難以理解”。 答案:A 22.A.more B.most C.less D.least 提示:游客們亂扔垃圾的行為說(shuō)明人們對(duì)約塞米蒂?lài)?guó)家公園的重視程度比以前降低了。 答案:C 23.A.throwing away B.picking up C.breaking down D.digging out 提示:作者對(duì)約塞米蒂?lài)?guó)家公園一直充滿感情,看到環(huán)境遭到破壞,自然心痛,親自動(dòng)手撿垃圾,但這項(xiàng)工作畢竟不是一個(gè)人能夠完成的。throw away“扔掉,拋棄”;pick up“撿起,拾起”;break down“決裂,中斷,崩潰”;dig out“挖掘,挖走”。 答案:B 24.A.kill B.save C.wait D.spend 提示:這是一個(gè)spend some time on sth.句型,表示作者經(jīng)?；ㄙM(fèi)一兩個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間撿垃圾。 答案:D 25.A.satisfied with B.delighted in C.tired of D.used to 提示:根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知,作者撿完垃圾,幾周后,又是垃圾滿地,所以最終,作者感到有些厭倦了,決定采取行動(dòng)來(lái)改變現(xiàn)狀。get tired of“對(duì)……感到厭倦”;be satisfied with“對(duì)……感到滿意”;be delighted in“對(duì)……感到高興”;be used to sth. “習(xí)慣于某事”。 答案:C 26.A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing 提示:作者身為攀巖教練,對(duì)組織大型活動(dòng)這類(lèi)的事情一無(wú)所知。know nothing about“對(duì)……一無(wú)所知”。 答案:D 27.A.cleanup B.party C.picnic D.concert 提示:根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知,作者在xx年與一群爬山愛(ài)好者們組織了一次清除垃圾活動(dòng)。 答案:A 28.A.dropped out B.showed up C.looked around D.called back 提示:在活動(dòng)的當(dāng)天,有300多人來(lái)到活動(dòng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。drop out“離開(kāi),退出”;show up“來(lái)到,露面”;look around“四下觀望”;call back“回電話”。 答案:B 29.A.demand B.receive C.acplish D.overe 提示:根據(jù)上文出現(xiàn)的數(shù)據(jù)可知,三天時(shí)間內(nèi),共清理了6,000磅垃圾,作者對(duì)他們?nèi)〉玫某煽?jī)感到驚嘆。 答案:C 30.A.plan B.visit C.contact D.difference 提示:此處考查的其實(shí)是短語(yǔ)make a difference“有很大的關(guān)系、影響或作用”,此處指作者簡(jiǎn)直不敢相信他們發(fā)揮的作用,整個(gè)公園看起來(lái)十分干凈。 答案:D 31.A.crossed B.measured C.covered D.designed 提示:cover在此處意為“涉及,包括,范圍是”,指的是志愿者們清除垃圾的活動(dòng)范圍。 答案:C 32.A.talk Bplain C.argue D.quarrel 提示:根據(jù)下文第33個(gè)空后面的plaining一詞可知,此處表示作者經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到人們抱怨周?chē)沫h(huán)境。 答案:B 33.A.doing B.thinking C.questioning D.watching 提示:根據(jù)上文作者處理問(wèn)題的方式可知,作者認(rèn)為改變情況唯一的方法是采取行動(dòng)而不是抱怨。 答案:A 34.A.method B.explanation C.example D.research 提示:作者自己正是通過(guò)以身作則、以身示范的方式教育周?chē)娜藗儛?ài)護(hù)環(huán)境的。example “例子,榜樣”;method “方法”;explanation “解釋”;research “研究”。 答案:C 35.A.although B.if C.when D.unless 提示:作者進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明自己的觀點(diǎn):如果你不能從自身做起的話,你就不能責(zé)怪別人。unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“除非,如果不”。 答案:D Ⅲ.閱讀理解(共10小題,每題2分,共20分) A (xx山東,A) The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place.Now it is an ecological disaster area.Nauru’s heartbreaking story could have one good consequence—other countries might learn from its mistakes. For thousands of years,Polynesian people lived on the remote island of Nauru,far from western civilization.The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798.He was the British captain of the Hunter,a whaling ship.He called the island Pleasant Island. However,because it was very remote,Nauru had little munication with Europeans at first.Then whaling ships and other traders began to visit,bringing guns and alcohol.These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island.A ten-year civil war started,which reduced the population from 1400 to 900. Nauru’s real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining pany discovered phosphate(磷酸鹽)on the island.In fact,it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate,which is a very important fertilizer for farming.The pany began mining the phosphate. A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground;it is a strip mine.When a pany strip-mines,it removes the top layer of soil.Then it takes away the material it wants.Strip-mining totally destroys the land.Gradually,the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon. In 1968,Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world.Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate. Unfortunately,the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.In addition,they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem—their phosphate was running out.Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.By xx,Nauru was almost financially ruined.Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.This will probably never happen. 36.What might be the author’s purpose in writing the text? A.To seek help for Nauru’s problems. B.To give a warning to other countries. C.To show the importance of money. D.To tell a heartbreaking story of a war. 提示:主旨大意題。文章第一段提到瑙魯前后的變化以及該段最后一句“...other countries might learn from its mistakes.”可知作者的寫(xiě)作目的是為了引起其他國(guó)家的重視,以示警告。故選B項(xiàng)。 答案:B 37.What was Nauru like before the Europeans came? A.Rich and powerful. B.Modern and open. C.Peaceful and attractive. D.Greedy and aggressive. 提示:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“...used to be a beautiful place.”以及第二段第一句“...lived on the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization.”可知瑙魯在歐洲人到來(lái)之前是一個(gè)安定而美麗的地方。 答案:C 38.The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from 　　　. A.soil pollution B.phosphate overmining C.farming activity D.whale hunting 提示:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第四段提到一家英國(guó)礦業(yè)公司發(fā)現(xiàn)瑙魯含有豐富的磷酸鹽后開(kāi)始開(kāi)采,第五段又說(shuō)明了其實(shí)這種露天礦的開(kāi)采破壞了土壤的表層,最終使得“the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon”。因此可以看出其生態(tài)災(zāi)難是由過(guò)度的采礦引起的,故B項(xiàng)正確。 答案:B 39.Which of the following was a cause of Nauru’s financial problem? A.Its leaders misused the money. B.It spent too much repairing the island. C.Its phosphate mining cost much money. D.It lost millions of dollars in the civil war. 提示:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段前兩句“...the leader invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.”可知領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人使用資金不當(dāng),致使瑙魯陷入財(cái)政困難。故選A項(xiàng)。 答案:A 40.What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph? A.The ecological damage is difficult to repair. B.The leaders will take the experts’ words seriously. C.The island was abandoned by the Nauruans. D.The phosphate mines were destroyed. 提示:推理判斷題。結(jié)合文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句專(zhuān)家所說(shuō)的修復(fù)瑙魯(島)需要花的錢(qián)和時(shí)間,以及最后一句“This will probably never happen.”可以推斷一旦造成生態(tài)破壞,是很難修復(fù)的。故選A項(xiàng)。 答案:A B People all over the world today are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the problem of pollution.Pollution is caused either by man’s release of pletely new artificial substances into the environment,or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance,such as oil from oil tankers into the sea. The whole industrial process which makes many of the goods and machines we need and use in our daily lives,is bound to create a number of waste products which upset the environmental balance,or the ecological(生態(tài)的) balance as is also known.Many of these waste products can be prevented or disposed(處理) of.But while more and more new and plex goods are produced,there will be new,dangerous waste to be disposed of,for example,the waste products from nuclear power stations.Many people,therefore,see pollution as only part of a larger and more plex problem,that is,the whole process of industrial production and consumption of goods.Others again see the problem mainly in connection with agriculture,where new methods are helping farmers grow more and more on their land to feed our ever-increasing population.However,the land itself is gradually being worn out as it is being used,in some cases,too heavily,and artificial fertilizers can not restore the balance. Whatever its underlying reasons are,there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only panies,individuals and governments would make more efforts.In the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste.Food es wrapped up three or four times in packages that all have to be disposed of;drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which can not be reused.This not only causes a litter problem,but also is a great waste of resources,in terms of glass,metals and paper.Advertising has helped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need,but also to throw away much of what we do buy.Pollution and waste bine to be a problem everyone can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying,excessive consumption and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily lives. 41.The main cause of pollution is 　　　. A.our ever-increasing population B.increased amounts of a natural substance C.the release of artificial or natural substances into the environment D.the production of new industrial goods 提示:由原文中心含義可知,污染的原因在于隨意排放各種物質(zhì)。原文第一段第二句清楚地說(shuō)明了這一點(diǎn)。 答案:C 42.In the writer’s view,the more new goods,　　　. A.the less pollution　 B.the harder pollution can be prevented C.the more easily pollution can be controlled　 D.the more pollution there will be 提示:原文第二段首句表明我們?cè)谏a(chǎn)各種生活用品時(shí),肯定會(huì)產(chǎn)生破壞生態(tài)平衡的廢物。再由第二段二、三句可見(jiàn),生產(chǎn)的新產(chǎn)品越多,造成的污染就越大。 答案:D 43.Much of the pollution could be controlled if only 　　　. A.people would pay more attention to the problem B.governments would take effective measures C.all sides concerned would make more efforts D.farmers would use less artificial fertilizers 提示:由原文第三段第一句可得出只有各方齊努力,才能控制污染。 答案:C 44.Many people see pollution as only part of 　　　. A.our daily life B.the environmental balance C.the consumption of goods by man D.the whole process of industrial production and consumption of goods 提示:原文第二段第四句表明答案為D項(xiàng)。 答案:D 45.People can help solve the problem of pollution by 　　　. A.making anti-pollution advertisements B.reducing unnecessary buying,excessive consumption and careless disposal of the products we use C.asking the governments to control the waste D.cutting down the use of oil 提示:由文中第三段最后一句話可知B項(xiàng)正確。 答案:B Ⅳ.任務(wù)型讀寫(xiě)(共10小題;每題1分,共10分) Most scientists are now certain that global warming is taking place.Gases such as carbon dioxide produced by burning coal,oil,wood,together with industrial pollution,are creating a warm blanket around the earth.This blanket is trapping heat in the atmosphere and so raising the temperature of the earth. The evidence for global warming can now be seen in the world’s changing climate statistics.In Europe,eight of the last ten years have seen record high temperature.For northern Europe,this has generally been a change for the better.Gardens can even now grow tropical plants in England,though London may never see a “White Christmas” again.On the other hand,the countries around the Mediterranean Sea,and those south of the Sahara desert are receiving even less rain than before.In sub-Saharan Africa the crops are drying out in the fields and people are dying of starvation.In the Americas,the climate is being more extreme—the summers are getting hotter and hotter and the storms are being more violent.In xx the southern United States was struck by a series of destructive hurricanes,while the end of xx saw the worst floods ever in Venezuela.Meteorologists expect such trends to continue,and indeed to worsen,if global warming cannot be halted(終止). In addition to worrying about rising global temperatures and more extreme weather conditions,scientists are closely monitoring sea levels around the world.These are slowly rising,as the northern and southern polar ice-caps start to melt.This will have serious consequences for low-lying countries near the sea,such as the coral islands in the Pacific,and Bangladesh where the River Ganges already folds the delta(三角洲) every year.Already parts of these places are disappearing under the rising tides. Title: Global Warming Main items Contexts 　46　 Gases from burning coal,oil,wood,together with industrial pollution. 　47　 In European countries: Record high temperature in the last 　48　. In the countries around the Mediterranean Sea: It is 　49　 less than before. In sub-Saharan Africa: The crops are drying out in the fields and people are 　50　 to death. In the Americas: 　51　 hot summers and more 　52　 storms and worst floods. 　53　 　54　 earth temperature. 　55　 polar ice-caps. 答案:46.Cause(s)/Reason(s)　47.Evidences　48.decade　49.raining　50.starving　51.Increasingly　52.violent/destructive　53.Consequences　55.Rising　55.Melting Ⅴ.書(shū)面表達(dá)(25分) 假設(shè)你是高三學(xué)生,名字叫王濤,看到村前的樹(shù)林不見(jiàn)了,鳥(niǎo)兒消失了,取而代之的是一座化工廠,濃煙從工廠煙囪里冒出,煙塵落到河里、田地里、村民的家里,河里的魚(yú)死了,地里的莊稼死了,村子里的樹(shù)死了。現(xiàn)在以“Protect Our Hometown”為題目給某英文報(bào)社的《警世鐘》欄目寫(xiě)一稿件。至少提出兩條建議。例如: 1.凈化廢氣。 2.種樹(shù)栽花。 注意:詞數(shù)120左右。 參考范文: Protect Our Hometown There used to be a large number of trees in front of my village.The air was fresh and many birds were singing there. But the villagers were eager to make money.They cut down all the trees to build up a chemical factory instead.The smoke from the factory does harm to the crops and vegetables.The dust falls into the rivers and the villagers’ houses.The plants,trees and fish died. The waste gas should be made clean before it goes into the sky.More trees and flowers should be planted in the village. We must protect our hometown;otherwise we will have no place to live in.