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摘 要
為改善輪椅在運(yùn)行時(shí)受到來(lái)自路面的高頻激振,懸架中與彈性元件并聯(lián)安裝液壓減振器,其工作原理是當(dāng)輪椅和車輪間受振動(dòng)出現(xiàn)相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),減振器內(nèi)的活塞上下移動(dòng),減振器腔內(nèi)的油液便反復(fù)地從一個(gè)腔經(jīng)過(guò)不同的孔隙流入另一個(gè)腔內(nèi)。此時(shí)孔壁與油液間的摩擦和油液分子間的內(nèi)摩擦對(duì)振動(dòng)形成阻尼力,使輪椅振動(dòng)能量轉(zhuǎn)化為油液熱能,再由減振器吸收散發(fā)到大氣中。在油液通道截面和等因素不變時(shí),阻尼力隨輪椅與車輪之間的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)速度增減,并與油液粘度有關(guān)。
發(fā)展到今天減振器的結(jié)構(gòu)有了很大的改變,性能也有了極大的提高。通過(guò)對(duì)減振器的發(fā)展歷史和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)的深入了解,明確了設(shè)計(jì)該型減振器的重要性和意義,并設(shè)計(jì)了一種應(yīng)用于輪椅懸架的雙筒油壓減振器。本文研究的主要問(wèn)題如下:
(1)對(duì)雙筒式油壓減震器的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)主要是確定減振器的類型、布置形式、安裝角度和選用數(shù)量,這是進(jìn)行尺寸設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)。
(2)對(duì)雙筒式油壓減震器的尺寸設(shè)計(jì),尺寸設(shè)計(jì)的過(guò)程主要包括相對(duì)阻尼系數(shù)以及最大卸荷力的確定,減振器工作缸、活塞、活塞桿、閥系以及相關(guān)零部件的尺寸計(jì)算。
(3)完成結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與尺寸設(shè)計(jì)后應(yīng)對(duì)減振器的強(qiáng)度和穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行校核,校核的結(jié)果應(yīng)符合國(guó)家相關(guān)技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
(4)對(duì)雙筒油壓減震器的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),這主要是連接件的比較和焊接工藝的優(yōu)化。
本文的研究成果對(duì)減振器的進(jìn)一步研究有重要的理論和實(shí)際應(yīng)用意義,本文提出的優(yōu)化方案為實(shí)際的生產(chǎn)制造提供一定的理論依據(jù)。
關(guān)鍵詞:油壓式; 減振器; 優(yōu)化;阻尼系數(shù);工作缸
ABSTRACT
Improve wheelchair in motion by the high-frequency excitation from the road; it has a big change in the structure of the shock absorber until now. The performance also had big enhancement. Through the deep understanding of the history and tendency of the shock absorber, we make clear the importance and significance of the designing of the shock absorber, and design a kind of shock absorber which is applied to the suspension of the compact car. The main problems discussed in this paper are as follows:
(1)The design to the structure of the gasification type shock absorber. It mainly determines the types of the shock absorber, layouts, the angle of installing and the quantity of selecting, these are the foundation of the designing of the sizes.
(2)The design to the size of the gasification type shock absorber. It includes relative damping coefficient, the determination of the biggest discharge strength, and the computing of the sizes of work cylinder, piston, connecting rod, valve and related spare parts.
(3)After completing the structural design and the designing of the sizes, the shock absorber intensity and the stability should be checked, the results should conform to the country related technical standards.
(4)The optimization design to the structure of the gasification type shock absorber, which mainly concludes the comparison of connected pieces and optimization of the welding process.
In this paper, the results of research has important theoretical and practical significance on the shock absorber’s further study, the optimal scheme which put forward in this paper has provided the certain theoretical basis for the manufacturing of the reality production.
Key words: Type;Shock Absorber;Optimization;Damping Factor;Work Cylinder
IV
目 錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 選題的目的和意義 1
1.2 減振器的發(fā)展歷史 1
1.3雙筒式減振器國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展?fàn)顩r和發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 2
1.4 研究的主要內(nèi)容及方法 4
第2章 減振器的類型和工作原理 5
2.1 減振器的類型 5
2.2 減振器的工作原理 5
2.3 雙筒式液壓減振器的工作原理及優(yōu)點(diǎn) 6
2.4 本章小結(jié) 7
第3章 輪椅減振器示功特性分析 8
3.1 建立模型 8
3.1.1輪椅減震器的動(dòng)力學(xué)模型 8
3.1.2輪椅減震器示功圖測(cè)試模型 8
3.2 輪椅減震器示功圖 9
3.2.1簡(jiǎn)化測(cè)試模型的示功圖 9
3.2.2實(shí)測(cè)示功圖分析 9
第4章 雙筒式液壓減振器的設(shè)計(jì) 12
4.1 雙筒式液壓減振器的設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù) 12
4.2雙筒式減振器參數(shù)和尺寸的確定 12
4.2.1液壓器工作缸直徑D的確定 12
4.2.2雙筒式減震器活塞行程的確定 13
4.2.3液壓缸壁厚、缸蓋、活塞桿和最小導(dǎo)向長(zhǎng)度的計(jì)算 14
4.2.4液壓缸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 21
4.2.5活塞及閥系的尺寸計(jì)算 22
4.2.6密封元件和工作油液的確定 25
4.2.7液壓缸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 21
4.3 本章小結(jié) 27
第5章 雙筒液壓減振器的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化 28
5.1雙筒液壓減振器連接件的優(yōu)化 28
5.2 雙筒液壓振器焊接方法的優(yōu)化 30
5.3 本章小結(jié) 31
結(jié) 論 32
致 謝 33
參考文獻(xiàn) 34