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南昌航空大學(xué)科技學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文
目 錄
1 前言··························································(2)
2 機(jī)構(gòu)的驅(qū)動(dòng)方案設(shè)計(jì)········································(5)
2.1 機(jī)器人運(yùn)動(dòng)方式的選擇··········································(5)
2.2 輪式機(jī)器人驅(qū)動(dòng)方案設(shè)計(jì)········································(9)
2.2.1輪式機(jī)器人驅(qū)動(dòng)輪組成······································(10)
2.2.2輪式機(jī)器人轉(zhuǎn)向輪組成······································(11)
2.2.3電機(jī)選擇··················································(12)
2.2.4減速機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)············································(17)
2.2.5變速箱體、前車體及電池箱··································(18)
2.2.6后減震及前減震機(jī)構(gòu)········································(19)
2.2.7車輪和輪轂················································(20)
3 傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)、執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)及受力分析····················(23)
3.1 傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)················································(23)
3.2 執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)················································(24)
3.3 機(jī)器人受力分析及如何保證加速度最優(yōu)····························(24)
4 輪式移動(dòng)機(jī)器人的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析······························(26)
4.1 輪式式機(jī)器人的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)建?!ぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぃ?6)
4.2 阿克曼約束的機(jī)器人運(yùn)動(dòng)模型····································(29)
5 輪式移動(dòng)機(jī)器人的運(yùn)動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)·······················(32)
5.1 控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)··············································(32)
5.2 控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)··············································(34)
5.2.2上位機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)····································(34)
5.2.3下位機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)····································(34)
6 結(jié)論··························································(36)
參考文獻(xiàn)·························································(37)
致謝······························································(38)
1 前言
移動(dòng)機(jī)器人的研究始于上世紀(jì)60年代末期,隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、傳感器技術(shù)以及信息處理技術(shù)的發(fā)展,移動(dòng)機(jī)器人已被廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)療、保安巡邏等行業(yè)。機(jī)器人技術(shù)的發(fā)展,它應(yīng)該說(shuō)是一個(gè)科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展共同的一個(gè)綜合性的結(jié)果,也同時(shí),為社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)重大影響的一門科學(xué)技術(shù),它的發(fā)展歸功于在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中,各國(guó)加強(qiáng)了經(jīng)濟(jì)的投入,就加強(qiáng)了本國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。另一方面它也是生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的需求的必然結(jié)果,也是人類自身發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果,那么人類的發(fā)展隨著人們這種社會(huì)發(fā)展的情況,人們?cè)絹?lái)越不斷探討自然過(guò)程中,在改造自然過(guò)程中,認(rèn)識(shí)自然過(guò)程中,實(shí)現(xiàn)人們對(duì)不可達(dá)世界的認(rèn)識(shí)和改造,這也是人們?cè)诳萍及l(fā)展過(guò)程中的一個(gè)客觀需要。
國(guó)外對(duì)于移動(dòng)機(jī)器人的研究起步較早,日本是開(kāi)發(fā)機(jī)器人較早的國(guó)家,并成為世界上機(jī)器人占有量最多的國(guó)家,其次是美國(guó)和德國(guó)。進(jìn)入90年代,隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,移動(dòng)機(jī)器人開(kāi)始在更現(xiàn)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上,開(kāi)拓各個(gè)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域,向?qū)嵱没M(jìn)軍。前蘇聯(lián)曾經(jīng)在移動(dòng)機(jī)器人技術(shù)方面居于世界領(lǐng)先的地位,俄羅斯作為前蘇聯(lián)的繼承者,在機(jī)器人技術(shù)領(lǐng)域依然具有相當(dāng)雄厚的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ),ROVER科技有限公司把在開(kāi)發(fā)空間機(jī)器人中獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)應(yīng)用于開(kāi)發(fā)地面機(jī)器人系統(tǒng),如極坐標(biāo)平面移動(dòng)車、爬行移動(dòng)機(jī)器人、球形機(jī)器人、工作伙伴平臺(tái)以及ROSA-2移動(dòng)車等,最近的突出成果是2003年發(fā)射的火星漫游機(jī)器人一一“勇氣”號(hào)與“機(jī)遇”號(hào)。雖然國(guó)內(nèi)有關(guān)移動(dòng)機(jī)器人研究的起步較晚,但也取得了不少成績(jī)。2003年國(guó)防科技大學(xué)賀漢根教授主持研制的無(wú)人駕駛車采用了四層遞階控制體系結(jié)構(gòu)以及機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)等智能控制算法,在高速公路上達(dá)到了130 Km/h的穩(wěn)定時(shí)速,最高時(shí)速170 Km/h,而且具備了自主超車功能,這些技術(shù)指標(biāo)均處于世界領(lǐng)先的地位[1]。但是我國(guó)在機(jī)器人的核心及關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的原創(chuàng)性研究、高性能關(guān)鍵工藝裝備的自主設(shè)計(jì)和制造能力、高可靠性基礎(chǔ)功能部件的批量生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用等方面,同發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比,我國(guó)仍存在較大的差距。未來(lái)研究熱點(diǎn)是將各種智能控制方法應(yīng)用到移動(dòng)機(jī)器人的控制。
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