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2019年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 1-11 名詞性從句提能專訓(xùn) Ⅰ.單句語法填空(名詞性從句) 1．(xx山東濰坊高三聯(lián)考)It is our responsibility, so ________ I dont want now is to push it to the students. 答案：what　解析：考查主語從句。此處引導(dǎo)主語從句，因?yàn)橐龑?dǎo)詞在從句中作want的賓語，表示“……的事情”，所以用what引導(dǎo)該從句。注意：that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)不充當(dāng)句子成分。 2．Research suggests an increase in voice is a signal ________ someone is lying. 答案：that　解析：考查同位語從句。句意：研究表明聲音的提高是一個(gè)人在撒謊的標(biāo)志。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格后的句子意思完整，不缺少任何成分，故用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，該從句用于解釋說明signal的內(nèi)容。 3．The small mountain village ________ we spent our holiday last month lies in ________ is now part of Hubei. 答案：where; what　解析：考查定語從句和賓語從句?！癬_______ we spent our holiday last month”是定語從句，修飾先行詞The small mountain village，定語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，故第一空用where; “________ is now part of Hubei”是賓語從句，從句中缺少主語，故用what。 4．(xx遼寧瓦房店高三二模)His family members gave some examples of ________ his drinking and smoking had affected the family. 答案：how　解析：考查賓語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“________ his drinking and smoking had affected the family”是賓語從句，引導(dǎo)從句的連接詞表示方式，故用how。 5．(xx湖南岳陽高三質(zhì)量檢測)It has been proved ________ several new kinds of medicine ________ a positive effect on the cure of H7N9. 答案：that; have　解析：考查主語從句和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，It是形式主語，真正的主語是主語從句“________ several new kinds ... the cure of H7N9”，該主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞僅起連接作用，無任何意義，故第一空用that，從句中several new kinds of medicine作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 6．It is no use doing ________ you like; you have got to like ________ you do. 答案：what; what　解析：考查名詞性從句。句意：干你喜歡的事是沒有用的；你得喜歡你所干的事。第一空引導(dǎo)賓語從句且在從句中作like的賓語，表示“……的事情”，故用what；第二空引導(dǎo)賓語從句且在從句中作do的賓語，表示“……的事情”，故也用what。 7．He jumped out of bed and ran to the door to see ________ the parcel was for. 答案：who　解析：考查賓語從句。句意：他從床上跳下來，跑到門口去看這個(gè)包裹是給誰的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句作see的賓語，且空處在從句中作介詞for的賓語。 8．(xx北京海淀區(qū)高三期末)You can plain, but I doubt ________ it will make any difference. 答案：whether　解析：考查賓語從句。句意：你可以發(fā)牢騷，但我對這樣做是否有用表示懷疑。從句意和句子成分看，這里用whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句，表示“是否”。 9．(xx合肥高三質(zhì)量檢測)The bride and groom gave ________ attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness. 答案：whoever　解析：考查賓語從句。句意：新郎和新娘給任何一個(gè)參加他們婚禮的人發(fā)一些禮物以分享他們的幸福。分析句子成分可知，“________ attended their wedding”是賓語從句，從句中缺少主語，再結(jié)合句意可知應(yīng)用whoever。 10．Helen has just heard the news from her father ________ her boyfriend David will e back soon. 答案：that　解析：考查同位語從句。句意：海倫剛從她的父親那兒得到消息，她的男朋友大衛(wèi)很快就會回來。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“________her boyfriend David will e back soon”是同位語從句，且從句意思完整。不缺少任何成分，故用that引導(dǎo)。 11．(xx成都高中畢業(yè)班檢測)The message of Saving Private Ryan is ________ humans want peace, not war. 答案：that　解析：考查表語從句。句意：《拯救大兵瑞恩》傳達(dá)的信息是人們想要和平而不是戰(zhàn)爭。此處引導(dǎo)表語從句，從句不缺少成分，所以用that。 12．(xx浙江名校新高考研究聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考)There is still some doubt ________ the system will work even though all the factors have been considered. 答案：whether　解析：考查同位語從句。句意：即使所有的因素都考慮了，系統(tǒng)是否會運(yùn)行仍有些疑問。whether引導(dǎo)的同位語從句作doubt的同位語，whether表示“是否”。 13．(xx北京東城區(qū)高三檢測)John seemed puzzled about ________ the question meant. 答案：what　解析：考查賓語從句。句意：John似乎對這個(gè)問題意味著什么感到很迷惑。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，about后接的是賓語從句，而從句中缺少賓語，再結(jié)合句意可知，要用what。 14．The teacher wont explain ________ it is that makes his students so fascinated by his lessons. 答案：what　解析：考查賓語從句?！癬_______ it is that makes...by his lessons”為賓語從句，另外，從句使用了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語what。 15．It is announced that big prizes will go to ________ finishes the assignment on time. 答案：whoever　解析：考查賓語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“________ finishes the assignment on time”是賓語從句，從句中缺少主語；再結(jié)合“大獎將頒給任何一個(gè)按時(shí)完成任務(wù)的人”可知，此處應(yīng)用whoever。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解(科普研究類＋時(shí)事新聞?lì)悾h論說明類) A (xx屆高三大聯(lián)考二) (Reuters)－Australian scientists are attaching tiny sensors to thousands of honey bees to track their movements in a trial aimed at stopping the spread of diseases that have wiped out populations in the northern hemisphere. Scientists at the monwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Australias national science agency, said the chips could help follow socalled colony collapse disorder, a situation where bees mysteriously disappear from hives, and the invasion of other harmful insects. Scientists will use a small tool to glue on the sensors, weighing about 5 milligrams and measuring 2.5 millimeters square, after leaving the bees to sleep by refrigeration. Some young bees, which tend to be hairier than older bees, need to be shaved before the sensor can be glued on. Scientists will examine the effectiveness of pesticides(害蟲) in protecting the bees from colony collapse disorder. The study will also enable farmers and fruit growers to understand and manage their crops, given the honey bees important role in the pollination(授粉) of crops globally, the CSIRO said in a statement issued on Wednesday. “Honey bees play a vital role in the landscape through a free pollination service for agriculture, which various crops rely on to increase yields，” the CSIROs Paulo de Souza, who is leading the project, said in the statement, “Using this technology, we aim to understand the bees relationship with its environment.” Scientists plan to fit sensors on 5,000 bees in the southern island state of Tasmania over the Australian summer. The radio frequency identification sensors work like an electronic tag for cars on a toll road, recording when insects pass a checkpoint. That will allow scientists to build a threedimensional(三維) image of the insects movements, a process described as “swarm sensing”． The scientists are working on shrinking the sensor to 1 mm square so they can be attached to smaller insects, including mosquitoes. 1．Why did the Australian scientists track the honey bees? A. To attach tiny sensors to the small bodies. B. To make experiments on these such bees. C. To find what has caused the death of bees. D. To spread some kind of disease to insects. 2．Some bees disappear from their hives ________. A. due to the colony collapse disorder B. because of being infected of illness C. due to chips glued to their bodies D. because of the terrible environment 3．Which is the benefit of the study? A. To increase the bee population. B. To help the farmers against disasters. C. To improve our living conditions. D. To stop any harmful insects invading. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A. All the insects movements disturb the life of bees. B. Fewer and fewer honey bees are living in Australia. C. Australian scientists track bees to stop diseases. D. Advanced technology is used on honey bees. 答案： 1．C　解析：目的意圖題。依據(jù)文章第一段的aimed at stopping the spread of diseases...可知，科學(xué)家的目的是阻止影響蜜蜂群體的某種疾病的傳播。故選C項(xiàng)。 2．B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段可知，科學(xué)家研究的目的是找出影響蜜蜂的疾病，第二段的the invasion of other harmful insects表明，由害蟲入侵帶來的某種疾病，導(dǎo)致蜜蜂突然失蹤。故選B項(xiàng)。 3．A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。依據(jù)文章第一段的．..that have wiped out populations in the northern hemisphere可知，某種疾病導(dǎo)致蜜蜂數(shù)量下降，因此研究的結(jié)果有助于提高蜜蜂的數(shù)量。故選A項(xiàng)。 4．C　解析：主旨大意題。文章講述了澳大利亞科學(xué)家用芯片跟蹤蜜蜂進(jìn)行的研究，其目的是找出影響蜜蜂群體的疾病。故選C項(xiàng)。 B Researchers have discovered a previously undocumented species of all－female lizard (蜥蜴) that can reproduce itself by cloning. Leiolepis ngovantrii is a small lizard found only in the Mekong River delta in south Vietnam. The species was discovered by a Vietnamese scientist who came across tanks full of them at small restaurants in villages in Ba Ria－Vung Tau Province. The scientist, Ngo Van Tri of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, became intrigued when he noticed that all of the lizards appeared to be female. He contacted an American colleague about what he had seen who came out to assess the findings. Dr Lee Grismer, a professor at La Sierra University in Riverside, California, and his son, Jesse Grismer, a doctoral candidate, flew to Hanoi and travelled to a little restaurant two－days trip away where the owner had promised to set aside some of the lizards to be studied. However, by the time Dr Grismer and his son arrived, they found that the owner had cooked all the lizards to serve up to customers and there were none left. Determined not to abandon their study the men hired some children to track down and catch as many lizards as they could find. With around 60 lizards caught and identified, the scientists discovered that they had a previously undocumented species. “Its an entirely new lineage (血統(tǒng)) of life that was being eaten and sold in restaurants for food, ”says Grismer. “But its something that scientists have missed for hundreds of years.” After DNA sampling carried out on the tiny lizards the men made another surprising discovery: all of the lizards were female, and were clones of their mothers. Grismer says that the lizards they discovered are likely to be a hybrid mix of two similar lizard species in the area. He adds that tapping into local knowledge has led to many new discoveries. Its not that (a species) is not known ... locals know all about them. Its just that theyre not known to scientists. 5. Leiolepis ngovantrii is a kind of lizard that ________. A. can clone itself B. was documented before C. is expensive in restaurants D. can be found in north Vietnam 6. The underlined word “intrigued” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________. A. relaxed B. nervous C. interested D. disappointed 7. When Grismer and his son reached the restaurant, they found that ________. A. the lizards were well kept B. the owner broke his word C. the customers didnt like the lizards D. the lizards were taken away by some children 8. What is Grismers attitude towards the discovery? A. Hopeful. B. Satisfied. C. Doubtful. D. Surprised. 答案： 【語篇解讀】　本文是新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了可以自我克隆的蜥蜴。 5. A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的that can reproduce itself by cloning可知。 6. C　解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中的all of the lizards appeared to be female及上下文內(nèi)容可知，Ngo Van Tri很好奇，故選C項(xiàng)。 7. B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的the owner had promised to set aside some of the lizards to be studied及第七段中的the owner had cooked all the lizards to serve up to customers and there were none left可知，店主不信守諾言。 8. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的made another surprising discovery可知。 C (xx廣東深圳高三第二次調(diào)研) Leading experts on the Internet, technology and policy have shared the same opinion on what we can expect in the next decade when it es to connectivity and its effects on society. The Pew Research report asked thousands of experts and members of the public for opinions on “the most significant overall influences of our uses of the Internet on humanity”—and some had a rosier outlook than others. “The smartest person in the world nowadays could well be stuck behind a plough in India or China，” said Hal, Googles chief economist. “Enabling that person—and the millions like him or her—will have a strong effect on the development of the human race.” Early Internet pioneer David Hughes agreed: “When every person on this planet can municate twoway with every other person on this planet, the power of nationstates to control every human inside its geographic boundaries may start to disappear.” Wearables (electronic equipment that people can wear) could monitor more than just steps, predicted UC Berkeleys Aron Roberts—or do more than just monitor: “We may literally be able to adjust both medications and lifestyle changes on a daybyday basis or even an hourbyhour basis.” Microsoft Researchs Jonathan Grudin is more pessimistic (悲觀): “By making so much activity visible, it exposes the gap between the way people behave and the way we think they ought to behave. Adjusting to this will be an unending, difficult task.” And the difference between the rich and the poor will have a new aspect：“Only the welloff (and welleducated) will know how to preserve their privacy，” warned one expert. “Will the Internet make it possible for our entire civilization to fall down together, in one big awful step? Possibly.” admitted Harvards Doctor Searls. “But the Internet has already made it possible for us to use one of our unique advantages—the ability to share knowledge—to a degree higher than ever before.” 9. As for the influences of our uses of the Internet on humanity, some of the experts are ________. A．realistic B．optimistic C．doubtful D．careful 10. According to Hal, in the future, those who will influence the development of human race are ________. A．Googles economists B．Chinese and Indians C．the educated persons D．world leading experts 11. People will be able to change their lifestyles at any time according to ________. A．the development of munication skills B．the suggestions made by puter experts C．the prediction made by the home puters D．the data recorded by the puters worn on body 12. The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 6 refers to ________. A．the visible activities mentioned above B．the way we thought they ought to behave C．the way people really behave in life D．the rule people ought to obey in life 13. Which of the following can best express the meaning of the last paragraph? A．Advantages and disadvantages of the Internet. B．Development of the Internet and human beings. C．Knowledge and civilization of human beings. D．Possibilities of the Internet for the future users. 答案： 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇科普說明文?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)專家們認(rèn)為在未來十年因特網(wǎng)將對人類社會產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響，其中印度人和中國人將通過因特網(wǎng)影響人類的發(fā)展，這種影響有不利的一面，也有積極的一面。 9．B　解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。難度中等。根據(jù)第二段“...opinions on‘the most significant overall influences of our uses of the Internet on humanity—and some had a rosier outlook than others.”可知，專家們對因特網(wǎng)對人類影響的態(tài)度是積極的。故B項(xiàng)正確。 10．B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。難度中等。根據(jù)第三段“‘The smartest person in the world...in India or China...and the millions like him or her—will have a strong effect on the development of the human race.”可知，Hal認(rèn)為中國人和印度人將對人類的發(fā)展有極大的影響。故B項(xiàng)正確。 11．D　解析：推理判斷題。難度中等。根據(jù)第五段“Wearables...could monitor more than just steps...adjust both medications and lifestyle changes on a daybyday basis...”可推知，人們可以通過穿在身上的記錄了數(shù)據(jù)的電腦設(shè)備改變自己的生活方式。故D項(xiàng)正確。 12．C　解析：指代判斷題。難度中等。根據(jù)上句中的“it exposes the gap between the way people behave and the way we think they ought to behave”以及本句內(nèi)容可知，this代指上句中的“the way people behave”。故C項(xiàng)正確。 13．A　解析：段落大意題。難度中等。根據(jù)該段第一句中“Will the Internet make it possible for our entire civilization to fall down together，in one big awful step？”可知，因特網(wǎng)有可能使我們的文明倒退；根據(jù)該段第二句“But the Internet has already made it possible for us to use one of our unique advantages—the ability to share knowledge—to a degree higher than ever before.”可知，因特網(wǎng)使我們共享知識成為可能。故A項(xiàng)正確。 Ⅲ.語法填空 Have you ever heard that we humans use only ten percent of our brains? This myth holds __1__ certain appeal because if it __2__ true, then we could instantly bee ten times __3__(intelligent) just by firing up that sleepy majority of the brain! The idea that we use only a small fraction of the brain dates back to animal experiments in the 19th century. When scientists __4__(stimulate) a specific part of the brain, the animal moved __5__ leg or tail. And some scientists assumed that large parts of the brain were simply useless. Then, in the early 20th century, scientists observed that stimulating certain regions of the brain had no physical effects ，which are __6__ the “silent cortex”. Today we know that much of the “silent cortex” is actually devoted to plex activities like language learning and imagining. Actually, __7__ we sleep, many areas of the brain are extremely active. Would you be smarter if your entire brain constantly worked to maximum capacity? __8__(interest) enough, the opposite is probably true. The less brain activity you need to perform a __9__(give) task, the more the brain as a whole is capable __10__ doing. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 答案：1. a　2. were　3. more intelligent　4. stimulated　5. its　6. called　7. as/when　8. Interestingly　9. given 10. of