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2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復(fù)習 單元知識匯總 Book 7 Unit 19 Language 北師大版 重點識記詞匯 1.trend n.趨勢，傾向 2.absence n.缺乏；缺席 3.theory n.理論；學說 4.attain vt.達到；獲得 5.adequate adj.足夠的，充分的 6.ensure vt.確保，保證 7.accelerate vi.&vt.加速 8.target n.目標 9.enlarge vt.擴大 10.guarantee vt.&n.保證 11.adjust vt.調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié) 12.catch on學會，理解 13.for ages很久，很長時間 14.on purpose故意地 15.resemble vt.像；與……相似 16.negotiate vt.協(xié)商；談判 17.approval n.贊成；贊許；批準 18.purchase vt.購買 19.on the other hand另一方面 20.applicant n.申請人 21.regulation n.規(guī)則 22.ambiguous adj.模棱兩可的 23.candidate n.候選人 24.sincerely adv.真誠地 25.fluency n.流暢度，流利度→fluent adj.流暢的 26.embarrass vt.使窘迫 27.congratulate vt.祝賀→congratulate...on向……道賀 28.inform vt.告知，通知→inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事 29.accuracy n.精確度，準確度→accurate adj.正確無誤的 30.thankful adj.為……感到高興的；感謝的→thankfully adv.感謝地；令人感激地 31.surround vt.環(huán)繞，圍繞→surrounding adj.周圍的→surroundings n.環(huán)境 32.announcement n.通告；宣告→announce vt.通告；宣告 33.congratulate vt.祝賀→congratulation n.祝賀 34.unconscious adj.無意的；不知不覺的→conscious adj.有意的；有知覺的 35.punctual adj.準時的；守時的→punctually adv.如期地，準時地 必背經(jīng)典句式 1.To put it simply，if you want to be a success in the business world，you need a high level of English petence. 簡單地說，如果你想在商業(yè)世界中成為一個成功者，你需要高水平的英語能力。 2.By the time the Americans won their independence from Britain in the 1780s，there were thirteen colonies and four million Englishspeaking people! 到18世紀80年代美國人從英國人那里贏得獨立為止，有十三個殖民地四百萬人講英語！ 3.Thirdly，you say that there is a discount provided that I pay in advance. 第三，你們說我只要預(yù)付款就有折扣。 4.There’s no point reading the news in English if you’ve already watched it in your own language. 如果你已用母語看過這則消息，再用英語來讀是沒有意義的。 必背經(jīng)典句式 5.But sadly，the chances that we will all have the opportunity to live in an Englishspeaking country are small. 但令人遺憾的是，我們都生活在一個講英語的國家的機會是很小的。 6.I’m sorry，but we have to keep to the timetable，sir. 先生，對不起，我們得遵守時刻表。 7.It was predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades. 早在18世紀，英語就被預(yù)測會成為世界母語而且過去的幾十年已證明是這樣。 8.Quality input ensures quality output，whether it is speaking or writing. 不管是說還是寫，高質(zhì)量的輸入確保高質(zhì)量的輸出。 構(gòu)詞記憶 　achievement /?′t?i?vm?nt/n.[C]功績；成就 adjustment /?′d??stm?nt/n.[C]&[U]調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié) advertisement /?d′v??tIsm?nt/n.[C]廣告 announcement /?′na?nsm?nt/n.[C]&[U]通知；通告；布告 Ⅰ.詞匯與派生 A．語境填詞 1．There were 500 applicants(申請人) for the job. 2．Her remark was followed by an embarrassing(難堪的) silence. 3．I’ve set myself a target(目標) of saving ￡5 a week. 4．He entered the local elections as a candidate(候選人)． 5．There are plans to enlarge(擴大) the recreation area. 6．They have just purchased(購買) a new house in the country. 7．She resembles(像) her sister in appearance but not in character. 8．He gave us an ambiguous (模棱兩可的) reply. 9．I informed(通知) him that I would not be able to attend. 10．They have guaranteed(保證) that any faulty parts would be replaced free of charge. B．用所給詞的適當形式填空 11．In my opinion，you can depend on him，because he has been reliable and punctual (punctually)． 12．Fluency (fluent) in French is required for this job. 13．Laboratory work needs not only accurate (accuracy) measurements but also correct calculation. 14．She can see it clearly. She can feel it’s warmth surrounding (surround) her. 15．The spokesman of the Foreign Ministry announced (announcement) the news to the reporters. Ⅱ.短語運用 A．用方框內(nèi)所給動詞短語的適當形式填空 take the form of，get ahead，catch on，stand out，consist of，keep in mind，be similar to，be aware of，inform...of，approve of 16.Would you mind repeating that? I didn’t quite catch on. 17．In this model，the return message might take the form of feedback or a formal reply. 18．By working hard，he got ahead of the rest of the class. 19．Canada is a country consisting of many different nationalities. 20．Being able to speak more than one language can make you stand out and get ahead. 21．I sincerely hope that you approve of my resignation. 22．Be aware of your urges to quit，and overe them. 23．We also tend to be similar to our friends and family on ine and wealth measures. 24．And keep in mind that this holds true regardless of the length of your speech. 25．Inform a friend of your targets so they can help motivate you as well. B．用方框內(nèi)所給短語的適當形式填空 in use，on the other hand，such as，on purpose，the key to，for ages 26.I came here for nothing else but to see you on purpose. 27．On the one hand，loss implies gain；on the other hand，gain implies loss. 28．I’ve been knocking away for ages，but nobody has answered the door. 29．Quite simply，in today’s world，English holds the key to a brighter future and a world of possibilities. 30．This not only had American words and expressions，but also introduced a new，simplified spelling which is still in use. 31．The curriculum focuses on English language skills used in business meetings and in areas such as marketing and advertising. Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式 32．By the time the old man realized the truth，the two cheats had run away. 到這位老人意識到事實的真相時，那兩個騙子已經(jīng)逃跑了。 33．There’s no point (in) telling him the truth at present. 現(xiàn)在告訴他事實是沒有用的。 34．The chances that our team can win the match are great. 我們隊能贏得這次比賽的機會很大。 35．I’m sorry but I have another appointment this afternoon. 對不起，今天下午我已有約。 36．To put it simply，we have nothing on hand. 說實在的，我們手頭沒貨。 37．Provided that you have money in your account，you can withdraw up to ￡100 a day. 只要賬戶存款足夠，每天可提取不超過100英鎊。 38．Whether you like the idea or not，I’m going ahead with it. 無論你是否喜歡這個意見，我將繼續(xù)做下去。 39．It is said that in Australia there is more land than (land which)the government knows what to do with it. 據(jù)說澳大利亞的土地多得政府都不知道作何用途。 1 absence from缺席 in one’s absence/in the absence of sb.在某人不在的時候 absence of mind心不在焉 absent adj.缺席的；不在意的 be absent from缺席…… be present at出席…… absently adv.心不在焉地 He never questions his father’s absence. 他從未問過為什么他的父親不在。 Those heat can warm things up pretty quickly in the absence of a cooling system. 在缺少冷卻系統(tǒng)的情況下，那些熱量能夠使物體迅速升溫。 [夯實基礎(chǔ)] 語法填空 (1)Tom was absent from school because he was ill. (2)In the manager’s absence，Mr.White is in charge of the business. (3)His attention absorbed(absorb) by the screen，he just nodded absently(absent). (4)There’s an absent(absence) expression on his face. 2 ensure one’s safety/success保證某人的安全/成功 ensure sb.sth.保證/確保某人(得到)某物 ensure sb.from/against danger保護某人免受危險 Premier said that we must ensure the safety of food the other day. 幾天前總理說，我們必須確保食品安全。 [夯實基礎(chǔ)] This pill will ensure the patient a good night’s sleep. This pill will ensure that the patient has a good night’s sleep.(改為含有that從句的復(fù)合句) 3 [應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)]　應(yīng)用類寫作高頻詞匯 guarantee sb.sth.保證某人某事 guarantee to do sth.保證去做某事 be guaranteed to do...肯定做…… under guarantee在保修期內(nèi) give sb.a guarantee that...向某人擔?！? All students are guaranteed campus acmodation for their first year. 保證安排所有的學生第一年在校內(nèi)住宿。 Even if you plete your training，I can’t guarantee you a job. 即使你完成了培訓(xùn)，我也無法保證你能有工作。 [夯實基礎(chǔ)] 我們保證在一周內(nèi)將貨物送到。(一句多譯) (1)We guarantee to deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee v.) (2)We are guaranteed to deliver the goods in one week.(be guaranteed to) (3)We give a guarantee that we will deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee n.) 4 adjust sth.to sth.調(diào)整……以適應(yīng)…… adjust (oneself) to...(使自己)適應(yīng)于…… adjust to doing...適應(yīng)做…… make an adjustment作出調(diào)整 We have been preparing our fighters to adjust themselves to civil society. 我們一直在培訓(xùn)我們的戰(zhàn)士，以使他們適應(yīng)普通的社會生活。 To attract investors，Panama has adjusted its tax and labor laws. 為吸引投資者，巴拿馬調(diào)整了稅法和勞動法。 [夯實基礎(chǔ)] 語法填空 (1)She found it hard to adjust to working(work) at night. (2)He will have to make major adjustments(adjust) to his thinking if he is to survive in office. (3)She soon adjusted herself(she) to his way of life. (4)The survey shows some major publishers，institutions and businesses have begun to make adjustments(adjust) to the new age in order to meet the need of the social and economic change. 5 [應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)]　(1)過去分詞作賓補　(2)應(yīng)用類寫作高頻詞匯 inform sb.of/about sth.通知某人某事 keep sb.informed of/about...通知某人關(guān)于……；使某人知道…… be informed of...聽說；接到……的通知 inform sb.that...告訴某人…… They would inform him of any progress they had made. 他們會把他們?nèi)〉玫娜魏芜M步都告訴他。 [夯實基礎(chǔ)] (1)語法填空 ①The manager put up a notice to keep the staff informed(inform) of what to do this week. ②For detailed information(inform)，consult Tom，who is informed(inform) well. (2)He informed the pany that the ship had arrived safely. He informed the pany of the ship’s safe arrival.(改為簡單句) 6 [應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)]　approve作為高級詞匯替換agree give one’s approval to批準 approve v.贊成，同意；認可；批準 approve of sb./sth./(one’s) doing sth.贊成/同意某人/某事/(某人)做某事 approve (doing) sth.批準(做)某事 The government has given its approval to a program of economic reforms. 政府已經(jīng)通過一些經(jīng)濟改革方案。 [特別提醒] approve作“批準”講時，常用作及物動詞；作“贊成，同意”講時，常用approve of。 [夯實基礎(chǔ)] (1)She would never do anything that was not approved of(不同意) by her parents. (2)She doesn’t approve of me/my leaving school(同意我離校) this year. 1 catch on(思想、服飾等)受……的歡迎，(在……中)流行，(被……)接受(with sb.)；理解，了解(to sth.)；學會 [多詞一義]　catch on，understand，follow，be popular with catch up with sb./sth.趕上…… catch sb.doing sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事 catch sight of看見 catch one’s attention/eye吸引某人 Being a foreigner，Carl did not catch on to the joke. 卡爾是個外國人，不了解這個笑話的含意。 [夯實基礎(chǔ)] 他發(fā)明了一種新的游戲，但從未真正流行起來。(翻譯句子) He invented a new game，but it never really caught on. 2 [應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)]　寫作過渡詞匯 on (the) one hand...on the other (hand)...一方面……，另一方面…… for one thing...，for another...一則……；二則…… On (the) one hand I want to sell the house，but on the other hand，I can’t bear the thought of moving. 一方面我想把房子賣掉，但另一方面我又不能忍受搬家。 [特別提醒] on (the) one hand...on the other (hand)...常表達相矛盾的兩方面；for one thing...，for another...陳述的兩方面情況常一致。 [夯實基礎(chǔ)] (1)語法填空 ①Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence.On the other hand，it could just put you in debt. ②For one thing，you must make a promise；for another，you should act at once. (2)翻譯句子 ①一方面我們應(yīng)該呼吁公眾提高認識，另一方面我們應(yīng)該立即行動。 On (the) one hand，we are supposed to appeal to the public to deepen the understanding，but on the other hand，we ourselves should do it immediately. ②我不去。一則我已經(jīng)看過這部電影，二則今晚我有一個重要會議要參加。 I won’t go.For one thing，I have seen the film；for another I have an important meeting to attend tonight. 1 But sadly，the chances that we will all have the opportunity to live in an Englishspeaking country are small.但是令人傷心的是，我們有機會生活在講英語國家的可能性很小。 that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，用來解釋說明某一名詞的內(nèi)容和實質(zhì)。 (1)能接同位語從句的名詞有：belief，fact，chance，hope，idea，doubt，news，conclusion，suggestion，problem，order，answer，decision，explanation，information，thought等。 (2)同位語從句一般用that引導(dǎo)，但也可以用連接代詞(who)、連接副詞(when，where，why，how)或whether引導(dǎo)。 (3)有時同位語從句不緊跟在它所說明的某個名詞后，而是被別的詞隔開 The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging. 我們應(yīng)邀去參加那個會議的消息很令人鼓舞。 They are faced with the problem whether they should continue the work. 他們面臨著是否應(yīng)該繼續(xù)這項工作的問題。 [夯實基礎(chǔ)] 語法填空 (1)The news that we won the game is exciting. (2)Word came that he had gone abroad for further study. 2 Thirdly，you say that there is a discount provided that I pay in advance.第三，你們說我只要預(yù)付款就有折扣。 provided that引導(dǎo)一個條件狀語從句，意為“如果，只要”；provided可以換成providing，that可省略。與之同義的結(jié)構(gòu)有：on condition that/only if/as long as/so long as/if/suppose/supposing that。 Providing/Provided (that) the price is right，we’ll buy everything you produce. 假若價格合理，我們將采購你們的所有產(chǎn)品。 [夯實基礎(chǔ)] 假若為我負擔費用，我就同意去。(翻譯句子) I’ll agree to go provided (that) my expenses are paid. 3 單元語法 ——語法填空 (1)Whether he will go there or not is not clear. (2)It is reported that a mine accident happened in Shanxi Province. (3)We are worried about what we should do next. (4)The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much. (5)The question who was to blame has never been settled. 高考題組 Ⅰ.短文改錯(xx陜西) My grandfather and I enjoy fishing. One Sunday morning we go fishing at a lake.We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake.As soon as we arrived，so we dropped the lines into the water.Before waiting for about half an hour，I was beginning to get impatiently.I wanted to give up，and my grandfather told me to wait a little longer.Finally，there were a sudden pull at the pole and fish was caught.Within the next few minute，my grandfather also caught a fish. Felt hungry，we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.It was delicious. 答案 My grandfather and I enjoy fishing. One Sunday morning we fishing at a lake.We took fishing poles and headed for the lake.As soon as we arrived，so we dropped the lines into the water. waiting for about half an hour，I was beginning to get .I wanted to give up， my grandfather told me to wait a little longer.Finally，there a sudden pull at the pole and fish was caught.Within the next few ，my grandfather also caught a fish. hungry，we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.It was delicious. Ⅱ.寫作常用句翻譯 1.另一方面，既然我們都盡力了，我們就沒有遺憾。(on the other hand)(xx湖南書面表達) On the other hand，since we all tried our best，we had no regret. 2.我的英語還可以，學習中遇到的兩個主要問題是：一、難以記牢單詞；二、講英語時經(jīng)常感到緊張。(that)(xx四川書面表達) My English is just OK and the two main problems in my study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart，and that I often feel nervous when speaking English. 3.世界名人的成功故事也一樣有吸引力，它們可以幫助我理解怎樣努力工作來使這個世界更美好。(how)(2011大綱全國書面表達) Equally attractive are the success stories of worldfamous people，which help me understand how a person can work hard to make the world a better place. 模擬題組 Ⅰ.語法填空 1.When a child is studying abroad，he must learn to adjust to living on his own. 2.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief that you are better than anyone else on the sports field. 3.Thankfully (thankful)，I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end. 4.If they win the final tonight，the team are going to tour around the city to be cheered (cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters. 5.Before a problem can be solved，it must be obvious what the problem itself is. 6.The questionnaire takes approximately (approximate) ten to fifteen minutes to plete and can be used along with the assessment interview. 7.He said I needed to improve my spoken English，but on the whole，it can be understood. 8.Provided/Providing (provide) that they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help? 9.Only if you have finished your homework can you go out to play. 10.You can’t see through a telescope unless it is correctly adjusted to your sight. Ⅱ.單句改錯 1.He likes the kind of car，which has guaranteed for one year for parts and labor.has→is 2.He settled there two years ago，and now he has adjusted the way of life there.adjusted后加上to 3.He has been informed what happened.informed后加上of 4.Do you know what brought up the change in his attitude？up→about 5.Teachers like students who are very quick to catch on things.on后加上to 6.It is known to us that French differs English in this respect.differs后加上from 7.The boy is poor，to whom love was totally absent of his childhood.of→from 8.It happened—whether by accident or by purpose—that the two of them were left alone after all the others had gone.purpose前的by→on 9.“What’s your name？” he asked，pointed at the child with his pen.pointed→pointing 10.If he will go there or not is not clear.If→Whether Ⅲ.寫作句式升級訓(xùn)練 With the help of the local media，he has managed to find 32 time twins from 13 countries，and among them there are 17 males and 15 females.(素材來源于xx廣東基礎(chǔ)寫作) With the local media helping him，he has managed to find 32 time twins from 13 countries，of whom there are 17 males and 15 females.(用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)及非限制性定語從句改寫句子) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A WELLINGTON，September 19(Xinhua)—If your teenage son won’t get out of bed in the morning，then take fort from the fact that he might be sleeping his way to a healthier future，according to a new research from New Zealand. Researchers in human nutrition at the University of Otago have found that teenage boys who sleep less have more body fat when pared to girls，for whom lack of sleep has no noticeable effect on their body fat ratios. The study of 386 boys and 299 girls aged 15 to 18 found that the averagesized 16yearold boy weighing 69.5 kg and 176 cm tall，who slept for eight hours a day，had a waist size 1.8 cm bigger and 1.6 kg，or 9 percent，more body fat than the averagesized boy who slept 10 hours a day. “The boys who slept eight hours a day would also have 1.8 kg more lean(bone and muscle) mass pared to the boys who slept 10 hours，but that’s only a 1.4 percent increase，pared to the 9 percent increase seen in body fat，”said lead researcher from the Department of Human Nutrition，Dr.Paula Skidmore. “Our results suggest that for older teenage boys，making sure that they get enough sleep may help to maintain a healthier body.It seems to be that，within reason，the more sleep the better for boys，”Skidmore said in a statement Thursday. “It was unexpected that we did not find the same result in girls，who may actually be more aware of their diet and more in tune with a healthier lifestyle.” The researchers ruled out the effects of food choice and the number of screens，such as televisions，games and consoles，which the teenagers had in their bedrooms. 1．What’s the research really about? A．Boys and girls. B．Food and weight. C．Sleep and health. D．Screens and fat. 答案　C 解析　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文是一項關(guān)于青少年睡眠時間的長短與身體健康關(guān)系的調(diào)查。故選C。 2．What’s the result of less sleep for teenage boys? A．A bigger waist and more fat in the body. B．An increase in weight and height. C．More concerned with their diet. D．A decrease in bone and muscle. 答案　A 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“...who slept for eight hours a day，had a waist size 1.8 cm bigger and 1.6 kg，or 9 percent，more body fat than ...who slept 10 hours a day.”可知，一天睡八個小時的男孩和一天睡十個小時的男孩相比，腰圍更寬，體內(nèi)脂肪更多。故選A。 3．From the sixth paragraph we can infer that . A．girls usually sleep less and have healthier lifestyles than boys B．the researchers expected to see the same result in girls C．people’s diet has a great effect on their health D．boys are usually lazier than girls 答案　B 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的“It was unexpected that we did not find the same result in girls...”可知，在女孩身上并沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)同樣的結(jié)果，這是沒有預(yù)料到的，由此可推斷B項符合題意。 4．Who would be the most pleased to hear the news? A．Teachers. B．Girls. C．Parents. D．Boys. 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，調(diào)查研究的結(jié)果是：十幾歲的男孩睡得越多反而更健康，由此可推斷D項符合題意。 B Dogs are able to help all sorts of people with disabilities live their lives.Now a man from the United Kingdom has made a dogcontrolled washing machine so that dogs can help these people with their laundry too! John Middleton of laundry pany JTM invented the “Woof to Wash” washing machine that makes it easier for people with disabilities to get their clothes clean. Loading，starting，and emptying regular washing machines involves movements that most of us don’t think twice about and take for granted.But doing laundry can be difficult for people who have autism(孤獨癥)，are blind，have learning disabilities，or have limited movement in their hands. “We developed this machine because mainstream products with plex digital controls seldom meet the needs of the disabled users，”explained Middleton. “But then I saw a video from the charity Support Dogs，where a dog strips a bed and loads the washing machine.I was pletely blown away and instantly thought I could invent a machine where the dog does everything.So I got in touch with Support Dogs and they loved the idea.They said it would be a huge help to their severely disabled users.” With Middleton’s washer，support dogs of all shapes and sizes can be trained to load the clothes，bark to turn it on，and open the door with a push of a paw and pull a string to unload the washing. The dogs are currently being trained by Support Dogs，and，for now，they will only be available to the UK citizens with disabilities. JTM’s website says that，“Plans are underway for this groundbreaking machine to improve the quality of life and independence for thousands of people with wide ranging disabilities across the UK.” 5．According to Middleton，the mon washing machines . A．a(chǎn)re designed for special purposes B．a(chǎn)re p