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2019年高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)突破 考點(diǎn)精講 第二節(jié) 形容詞和副詞 考點(diǎn)一　形容詞和副詞的基本用法及比較等級(jí) 一、形容詞的基本用法 1．形容詞作定語(yǔ) (1)一般情況下，形容詞作定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞前。但在下列情況下，形容詞要放在被修飾詞的后面。 ①形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾some，any，every，no和body, thing，one等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，需后置。 —Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. 鮑勃，有什么不對(duì)嗎？你看上去悶悶不樂(lè)。 —Oh, nothing much. In fact, I was just thinking of my friends. 噢，沒(méi)什么，其實(shí)我只是在想念我的朋友們。 ②以－able或－ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于前有形容詞最高級(jí)或only等詞修飾的名詞后面。 This is the only solution possible. 這是唯一可行的解決方法。 (2)有些形容詞作前置定語(yǔ)和后置定語(yǔ)意義不同。 ①the present people 現(xiàn)在的人們；the people present 在場(chǎng)的人們 ②the absent students心不在焉的學(xué)生；the students absent 缺席的學(xué)生 ③the concerned teachers 憂(yōu)心忡忡的老師們； the teachers concerned(與……)有關(guān)的老師們 (3)多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)的排列順序。 請(qǐng)記住以下口訣：限定描繪大長(zhǎng)高，形狀年齡和新老，顏色國(guó)籍出材料，用途類(lèi)別往后靠。 all these last few days 最近的這些日子 some beautiful little red flowers 一些美麗的小紅花 an old brown woolen carpet 一件舊的棕色羊毛地毯 2．形容詞作狀語(yǔ) 形容詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)表示伴隨或結(jié)果，并不表示動(dòng)作的方式。 He returned home after the heavy work，cold and hungry.勞累了一天后他回到了家，又冷又餓。 3．復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成形式 復(fù)合形容詞是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單詞通過(guò)連字符的連接而合成的形容詞。 kind－h(huán)earted 好心的；English－speaking 講英語(yǔ)的；hard－working 勤勞的 二、表語(yǔ)形容詞 表語(yǔ)形容詞常作表語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的表語(yǔ)形容詞有：afraid, alone, awake, asleep, alive, alike，ashamed, well, sorry, unable, worth, sure等。 The baby asleep might be awake very soon. 正在睡覺(jué)的嬰兒可能很快就會(huì)醒來(lái)。 三、副詞的基本用法 1．修飾形容詞或其他副詞，一般位于被修飾詞之前。但enough需放在所修飾詞之后。 Students brave enough to take the adventure course will learn a lot of useful skills.足夠勇敢參加這次探險(xiǎn)的學(xué)生會(huì)學(xué)到很多有用的技能。 2．so/as/that/too/how/that修飾形容詞加名詞時(shí)的順序：so/as/too/how/that＋adj.＋a/an＋n.。 It is too difficult a job for me to finish in so short a time. 在如此短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成工作對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)太難了。 3．表示時(shí)間頻度的副詞always，often，usually，never等多放在行為動(dòng)詞前，系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞之后。 My parents have always encouraged me in my choice of career. 在我選擇職業(yè)時(shí)父母總是鼓勵(lì)我。 4．有些副詞置于句首可修飾全句，作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)。 Unfortunately, the real world never behaves so perfectly. 不幸的是， 現(xiàn)實(shí)世界從來(lái)不會(huì)表現(xiàn)得如此完美。 5．can not/never與enough或too連用表示“無(wú)論怎樣都不過(guò)分”。 I cant stress enough the importance of physical exercises. 怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)體育鍛煉的重要性都不為過(guò)。 四、形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí) 1．比較等級(jí)的常見(jiàn)句型： (1)兩者比較，用“比較級(jí)＋ than”表示。 You look much younger than I do. 你看上去比我年輕多了。 (2)“比較級(jí)＋ and ＋比較級(jí)”表示“越來(lái)越……”。 With summer ing, the day is being longer and longer.隨著夏天的到來(lái)，白天變得越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)。 (3)“the ＋ 比較級(jí)，the ＋ 比較級(jí)”意為“越……，就越……”。 The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make.你越仔細(xì)，犯的錯(cuò)誤就越少。 (4)“the ＋ 比較級(jí)＋ n. ＋ of the two＋名詞”表示“兩者之間較……的那個(gè)”。 The taller of the two boys is my brother. 那兩個(gè)男孩中較高的那個(gè)是我弟弟。 (5)“a(n) ＋ 比較級(jí)＋ n．”表示“一個(gè)更……的”。 The story is not very interesting. I will tell you a more interesting one.這個(gè)故事不太有趣，我會(huì)給你講一個(gè)更有趣的故事。 (6)as＋原級(jí)adj./adv.＋as ...表示“和……一樣”。 John plays football as well as, if not better than, David.約翰如果踢足球不比大衛(wèi)好，至少和他踢得一樣好。 (7)not as/so＋原級(jí)adj./adv.＋as ...表示“不如……”。 The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine. 這工作沒(méi)有你想象的那么難。 2．表示倍數(shù)的三種句型： (1)倍數(shù)＋as＋原級(jí)adj./adv.＋as ... (2)倍數(shù)＋the size /length/width/depth/height of ... (3)倍數(shù)＋比較級(jí)＋than... The building is three times as high as that one. ＝The building is three times the height of that one. ＝The building is twice higher than that one. 這座大樓是那座的三倍高。 3．否定詞＋比較級(jí)＝ 最高級(jí) I have never seen a better film. 我從未看過(guò)比這更精彩的影片(這是我看過(guò)的最精彩的影片)。 4．most前有定冠詞時(shí)為最高級(jí)，但most前無(wú)定冠詞時(shí)沒(méi)有比較的含義，只是用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，有“很，非?！敝?。 This lesson is most difficult, but it isnt the most difficult.這課很難，但并不是最難的。 5．比較等級(jí)前常用的修飾語(yǔ)：a little，a bit，slightly，much，a lot，a great deal，any，far, by far，even，still等。 After two years research, we now have a far better understanding of the disease.經(jīng)過(guò)兩年的研究，我們現(xiàn)在對(duì)這種疾病有了更進(jìn)一步的了解。 考點(diǎn)二　形容詞和副詞的詞義辨析 近些年對(duì)形容詞、副詞的考查以詞義辨析為主，平常要多注意一些常見(jiàn)的形容詞、副詞的詞義及用法，詞義辨析重在積累。下面是常見(jiàn)的幾組形容詞、副詞(短語(yǔ))的詞義辨析。 1．too much，much too too much 中心詞是much，其用法相當(dāng)于much的用法。后面常跟不可數(shù)名詞，或不跟任何詞，意思是“太多的……”或“太……”。too是用來(lái)加強(qiáng)much語(yǔ)氣的。 much too 中心詞是too，其用法相當(dāng)于too的用法。后常跟形容詞或副詞，意思是“非常，太”。much是用來(lái)加強(qiáng)too的語(yǔ)氣的。 The teacher gave us too much homework today. 今天老師給我們留的作業(yè)太多了。 It is much too hot in some provinces this year. 今年幾個(gè)省的天氣太熱了。 2．fairly，quite，rather，pretty，very fairly 語(yǔ)氣最輕，往往不帶明顯的感情色彩，通常意為“還算”。 quite 語(yǔ)氣比f(wàn)airly稍重，意為“相當(dāng)”；只有quite可以與不表程度的形容詞連用，意為“完全地”。 rather/pretty 語(yǔ)氣比quite稍重，意為“十分，相當(dāng)”，pretty不如rather正式。只有rather可以與比較級(jí)或too連用。 very 語(yǔ)氣最重，意為“很，非?！?。 Apart from some spelling mistakes, the position is fairly good. 除了一些拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤， 這篇文章寫(xiě)得還算不錯(cuò)。 I think that it seems quite impossible. 我覺(jué)得這似乎完全不可能。 He spoke rather too quickly for me to understand. 他說(shuō)得有些太快了， 我聽(tīng)不懂。 Hes a pretty good student, but sports are where he really shines.他是個(gè)很好的學(xué)生， 可體育運(yùn)動(dòng)才是他真正出色之處。 3．幾組意義不同的同根副詞 ① close 接近地；closely 仔細(xì)地 ② hard 努力地；hardly 幾乎不 ③ late 晚；lately 最近?、?most 非常；mostly 主要地 ⑤ deep 深；deeply 深深地?、?high 高；highly 高度地 ⑦ wide 寬闊地；widely 廣泛地?、?slow 慢；slowly 慢慢地 He has been working late. 他一直工作到很晚。 I havent seen him lately. 我最近沒(méi)見(jiàn)他。 (對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書(shū)第232頁(yè)) Ⅰ.用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．Jack regretted forgetting to bring along candles and had to wait ________(helpful) in a low mood. 2．Although he was a great genius，he suffered ________(great)． 3．The ________(bad) time to fall asleep when driving. 4．Some researchers said that Mozarts music would make you much ________(smart)． 5．I bought her a bouquet of ________(colour) sunflowers and taped the envelope to it. 6．Knowledge，no matter how broad，is ________(use) unless it is applied. 7．The ________(busy) time is around spring Festival，because many people go back to their hometowns for family reunions. 8．I reached the cinema ________(hurry)． 9．Imagine how ________(surprise) he was! 10．It is ________(possible) for chickens to fly in the sky. 11．Because we had never seen such a kind of ________(usual) notice in a plane before，we were a little surprised. 12．Steve was brave enough to think ________(difference)，bold enough to believe he could change the world，and ________(talent) enough to do it. 13．Arriving there，he was impressed by its ________(beauty) scenery and tall buildings. 14．English is ________(wide) used in governments，markets，service centers and other fields. 15．Forgiveness is ________(great) than revenge. 16．More and more people like to listen to ________(classic) music. 17．Now I have make such great progress in my English surely that I am ________(interest) in learning it than before. 18．Being friendly and polite will make people ________(fort) when they talk to you. 19．A mumber of psychologists have conducted experiment and have reached some ________(surprise) conclusions. 20．God bless you for helping me and ________(unselfish) serving others. 【答案】　1.helplessly　2.greatly　3.worst 4．smarter　5.colourful　6.useless　7.busiest 8．hurriedly　9.surprised　10.impossible 11．unusual　12.differently；talented　13.beautiful 14．widely　15.greater　16.classical　17.more interested　18fortable　19.surprising　20.unselfishly Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空 填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或用括號(hào)中所給詞的正確形式填空。(以形容詞和副詞為主) When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport，workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes __1__ contained clothing.No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was __2__(extreme) heavy.It suddenly __3__(occur) to one of the workers to open up the box.He was __4__(astonish) at what he found.A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of __5__ (wool) goods.He was __6__ surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away.After he was arrested，the man admitted __7__(hide) in the box before the plane left London.He had had a long and __8__(fort) trip，for he had been confined(關(guān)在)to the __9__(wood)box for over eighteen hours.The man was ordered to pay ￡3，500 for the cost of the trip，which was __10__ expensive than the normal price，which only cost ￡2，000. 【語(yǔ)篇理解】　本文講一個(gè)人為少付機(jī)票錢(qián)而躲在木箱子里長(zhǎng)達(dá)18個(gè)小時(shí)，到達(dá)后被發(fā)現(xiàn)后卻被罰了比買(mǎi)機(jī)票多得多的錢(qián)。 1．which　引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，先行詞是物，用which。 2．extremely　修飾形容詞heavy，用副詞形式。 3．occurred　此句缺謂語(yǔ)，由上下文可知是敘述過(guò)去的事，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 4．a(chǎn)stonished　作表語(yǔ)要用形容詞；表示“感到驚訝”，用－ed形容詞。 5．woolen　作定語(yǔ)用形容詞形式，woolen表示“羊毛制的”。 6．so　修飾形容詞要用副詞，由后文的that可知，填so，構(gòu)成so...that...句型。 7．hiding　因admit后要求用doing作賓語(yǔ)。 8．unfortable　在名詞trip前作定語(yǔ)，要用形容詞；由長(zhǎng)時(shí)間躺在箱子里可知，旅途是“不舒適的”，故填unfortable。 9．wooden　形容詞作定語(yǔ)，wooden表示“木制的”。 10．more　由than可知前面的形容詞要用比較級(jí)，故填more。