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2019-2020年八年級英語上冊 Unit 6 Natural Disasters復(fù)習(xí)講義 譯林牛津版 一、重點詞匯 1. mind/idea/opinion 基本含義 用法辨析 mind “想法；精神” 指一個人的精神所處的狀態(tài)或者是思維活/心理活動 idea “主意；想法” 指特定情況下做某事的辦法或是對“將來發(fā)生”的事情的“粗略”的構(gòu)想 opinion “主意；想法” 指某人對某件事情的看法、觀點（是純粹的個人見解、主觀判斷） 【小試牛刀】 1. He has no idea how to deal with it. 他不知道怎么去把這個事處理好。 2. The man changed his mind in the end. 這個男子最后改變了主意。 3. In my opinion, it’s easy for us to finish the work on time.在我看來，我們很容易準(zhǔn)時完成工作。 2. alive/living/live/lively 基本含義 用法辨析 alive “活著的” 表語形容詞，不能放在它所說明的名詞之前 living “活(著)的” 既可用作表語形容詞，又可用作定語形容詞；主要指在某個時候是活著的 live “活的” 通常只作前置定語，且一般用于動物 lively “活潑的;生動的” 可作定語、表語或賓補，既可指人，又可指物 【小試牛刀】 1. Hehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasses___________andinteresting. 2. We found the snake _____________. 3. Hesaidhehadseena___________whale. 3. “名詞+by+名詞”短語 此類短語大多含有“一個一個”之意，或“逐漸”的意思，強調(diào)變化，在句中做狀語。例如： Our knowledge is increasing year by year. 我們的知識逐年增長。 類似的短語有： one by one 一個接一個 bit by bit 一點點地 day by day 一天天 by and by 不久 step by step 逐步地 side by side 肩并肩地 little by little 逐漸地 hour by hour 一小時一小時地 二、 語法點撥 過去進行時 1. 基本用法 過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某一階段正在進行著的動作，一般與表示過去的時間狀語，如: then, at that time, at six, (at this time)yesterday, from 8 to 10 last night等連用；但有時沒有這些時間狀語，而通過上下文的聯(lián)系來表示。 ① 表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作。 What were you doing at eight this morning? 今天早晨八點鐘你在做什么？ She was working on the problem this time yesterday. 她昨天這時候正在解那道題。 ② 表示過去某一階段內(nèi)的連續(xù)性動作。 What was Tom doing during the summer holidays? 湯姆在暑假期間都做了什么了？ We were visiting various museums is London when we stayed there. 在倫敦逗留期間，我們參觀了各種博物館。 ③ 表示兩個延續(xù)性動作同時進行。 I was doing my homework while they were watching TV. 當(dāng)時我正在寫作業(yè)，而他們在看電視。 Some students were running round the track when we were having a meeting in the classroom. 當(dāng)我們在教室里開會的時候，一些同學(xué)正在跑道上跑步。 ④ 表示一個漸進的變化過程。 She was getting better and better.她的身體越來越好了。 The grass was getting shorter and shorter in those years.那些草逐漸長得越來越矮了。 ⑤ 用于間接引語，表示過去將來的動作。 Susan asked him if he was leaving early the next morning. 蘇姍問他是否準(zhǔn)備第二天一大早就動身。 He said he was ing back soon.他很快就會回來的。 【比較】過去進行時與一般過去時的區(qū)別 過去進行時強調(diào)動作的連續(xù)性；一般過去時僅表示過去的一個動作的完結(jié)，只表示有過這件事。 They were seeing the film last night. 昨晚他們在看那個電影。 （沒做其他事） They saw the film last night. 昨晚他們看了那個電影。 （這一動作已完結(jié)） They were cooking for supper yesterday evening. 昨晚她正在做晚飯。（正在做） They cooked for supper yesterday evening.昨晚她做了晚飯。（已做完） 2. 動詞構(gòu)成 was (were)+現(xiàn)在分詞 3. 句式變化 【小試牛刀】 1. While we __________ (wait) for the bus, a girl __________ (run) up to us. 2. I __________ (telephone) a friend when Bob __________ (e) in. 3. Jim __________ (jump) on the bus as it __________ (move) away. 4. We __________ (test) the new machine when the electricity __________ (go) off. 5. As I __________ (walk) in the park, it __________ (begin) to rain. 6. --I phoned you yesterday morning, but nobody answered. --Oh, we __________ (have)a meeting in the meeting room. 7. _________ he ________(lie) on the ground at nine yesterday evening ? 8. Mike and I ________(play) basketball at that time yesterday afternoon. 9. I first met Lisa three years ago. She___________(work) at a radio shop at the time. 10. When I arrived at his office, he __________ (speak)on the phone. 三、交際用語 談?wù)撟匀粸?zāi)害 ① Did you hear about ( the fire in Shanghai last week) ? ② What happened? ③ Was anybody hurt? ④ There was a heavy storm with thunder and lightning. ⑤ It was terrible. 牛津英語8A Unit 6 短語匯總 序號 Chinese English 1 自然災(zāi)害 natural disasters 2 全身濕透 be/get all wet 3 將…拖干凈（代詞放中間） mop…up 4 將…沖走（代詞放中間） wash…away 5 輸?shù)舯荣? lose the game 6 好幾千人（成千上萬的人） thousands of people 7 猛烈地撞到…上 crash into… 8 引起一場大的火災(zāi) start/cause a big fire 9 驚恐地（處于恐懼之中） in fear 10 地下的炸彈 bombs below/under the ground 11 從….上掉下來/摔下來 fall off = fall (down) from =drop from 倒下、掉下//跌倒、絆倒//倒下 fall down //fall over //e down = fall 12 朝四面八方跑去 run in all directions=run in every direction 13 跑出…../跑進…. run out of … / run into… 14 盡某人最大努力做某事 try one’s best to do sth. 15 鎮(zhèn)定下來、平靜下來 calm down 16 最后 finally = at last = in the end 17 結(jié)束 be over = end 18 被困住 be trapped 19 自言自語 say to oneself 20 片刻的恐懼 a moment of fear 21 （大聲）求救 shout/call/scream for help 22 到處 everywhere = here and there 23 沒有任何吃的東西 have nothing to eat 24 興奮的叫聲 excited shouts 25 急匆匆地去干某事 be in a (great) hurry to do sth. 26 降一點點//降到零下5度 drop a little// drop to -5℃ 27 大約7度 (be) around 7℃ 28 變得更壞 bee/get worse 29 找借口 make excuses / make an excuse 30 叫/建議某人（不要）做某事 tell/ ask / advise sb. (not) to do sth. 警告/命令某人（不要）做某事 warn / order sb. (not) to do sth. 31 把….搬走（代詞放中間） move …away 32 精神緊張 be nervous 33 經(jīng)歷地震后而存活下來 survive the earthquake 34 聽起來像… sound like…. 35 天氣預(yù)報 weather forecast 36 鎖門 lock the door 37 跑下樓 run down the stairs 38 將（電器）打開/關(guān)閉 turn …on/off 將（電器音量）調(diào)高/調(diào)低 turn …up/down 39 走出教室 walk out of the classroom 40 一個接一個 one by one = one after another 41 一個事故報告 an accident report 42 打電話給110熱線 call the 110 hotline 43 到達時間 the time of arrival 44 著火 catch fire = be on fire 45 在風(fēng)中 in the wind 46 除了做某事外不能做任何事 do nothing but do sth. （前面do不以是別的動詞，后面do可以是任何動詞，但必須是原形） 47 朝….外看/朝….里看 look out of…. / look into… 48 繼續(xù)做（同一件）事 continue to do sth. = continue doing sth. =go on doing sth. = go on with sth. 49 用….將….蓋起來 cover…with….. ….被…..覆蓋起來 …..be covered with … 牛津英語8A Unit 6 基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練 一、重點詞組 1. 在一家購物中心 ______________ 2. 起先 ______________ 3. 一陣輕微的晃動 ______________ 4. 像雷聲一樣的聲音 ______________ 5. 在恐懼中 ______________ 6. 害怕 ______________ 7. 向四面八方跑 ______________ 8. 跑出…… ______________ 9. 盡力做某事 ______________ 10. 倒下 ______________ 11. 掉下 ______________ 12. 平靜下來 ______________ 13. 問自己 ______________ 14. 在某人的周圍 ______________ 15. 被困住了 ______________ 16. 自言自語 ______________ 17. 片刻的恐慌 ______________ 18. 穿過 ______________ 19. 活著 ______________ 20. 迫不及待做某事 ______________ 21. 搬走 ______________ 22. 最后 ______________ 二、句型結(jié)構(gòu) 1. I felt a slight shaking through my body. 區(qū)分 through / across 1）我的腦中掠過一陣恐慌。A moment of fear went ______my mind. 2）火車正穿越隧道。The train is traveling _______the tunnel. 3）當(dāng)交通燈是紅燈時不要過馬路。Don’t go ________the road when the traffic light is red. 4）過橋你就看到它了。You’ll see it when you go ______ the bridge. 2. People were in a great hurry to move away the bricks and stones. be in a great hurry to do sth. 1) 她匆匆忙忙地離開了家。 She ____________________________________home. 2）你為何匆忙地賣掉房子？Why _____you _________________________the house? 三、難點語法 1. because / since / as 我們用because / since / as說明理由。通常把since / as放在句首，而because更多地放在句中，并且because常用于回答Why提問的問句。 --Why didn’t you go to work yesterday? --Because I was ill. 2. 動詞不定式 （發(fā)出命令、要求、提出建議等） 建議某人（不）做某事_______________________ 要求某人（不）做某事_______________________ 邀請某人做某事_____________________________ 命令某人（不）做某事_______________________ 告訴某人（不）做某事_______________________ 警告某人（不）做某事________________________ “Please close the window , Simon,” said Mr. Wu.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) →Mr. Wu asked Simon____________________________. “Don’t run,” Mr. Wang warned us. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) → Mr. Wang warned us ___________________________.