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Unit 4 Public transport (一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí) Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——————知其意 1．rail n．　　　　　　　　 鐵路；欄桿，扶手；橫桿 2．outer adj. 遠(yuǎn)離中心的，外圍的；外表的，表層的 3．metropolitan adj. 大城市的，大都會(huì)的 4．tunnel n. 地下通道，隧道 5．section n. 部分；部件；部門 6．ownership n．[縱聯(lián)1] 所有權(quán)，產(chǎn)權(quán) 7．a(chǎn)rchitect n. 建筑師 8．prime adj. 首要的，主要的_ n. 盛年；鼎盛時(shí)期 9．minister n. 部長(zhǎng)，大臣；牧師 10．userfriendly adj. 方便用戶的，便于使用的_ 11．platform n. 站臺(tái)，月臺(tái)；平臺(tái)；講臺(tái)，舞臺(tái)_ 12．handful n. 少量的人或物；一把(的量) 13．choke vi.& vt. (使)窒息；(使)哽咽；塞滿，堵塞 n. 哽咽聲，嗆住的聲音 14．interval n．[縱聯(lián)2] 間隔，間隙 15．pedestrian n. 行人，步行者 　　　　adj. 行人(使用)的 16．crash n．& vi.& vt.[縱聯(lián)3]　 撞車；碰撞；倒閉；崩潰 17．brake n. 剎車，車閘 vt. 用車閘減速剎車 Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞——————寫其形 1．detail n. 具體情況，詳情，細(xì)節(jié) 2．a(chǎn)uthority n. 權(quán)力，權(quán)威；官方，當(dāng)權(quán)者；批準(zhǔn)，授權(quán) 3．enlarge vt.& vi. 擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)展，增大 4．a(chǎn)nniversary n. 周年紀(jì)念日 5．split vi.& vt. 分割，(使)分開；撕開，割破 6．a(chǎn)nnual adj. 每年的，一年一次的 7．departure n. 離開，出發(fā)；背離，違反 8．timetable n. 時(shí)間表，時(shí)刻表 9．drunk adj. 喝醉的 n. 醉漢，酒鬼 10．convey vt. 運(yùn)送，輸送；表達(dá) 11．postpone vt. 延遲，延期 12．undertake vt.& vi. 承擔(dān)，從事；承諾，答應(yīng) 13．a(chǎn)rise vi. 出現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生 14．reservation n. 預(yù)訂；預(yù)約；保留意見 15．load n. 負(fù)荷，負(fù)載；大量，許多 　 　　vt. 裝載，裝上，裝入 Ⅲ.拓展單詞——————通其變 1．cyclist n．騎自行車的人→cycle v．騎自行車 2．unfortunately adv.遺憾地，不幸地，可惜地→fortunate adj.幸運(yùn)的→fortune n．幸運(yùn)，財(cái)富 3．unbelievable adj.非常壞(或非常好、非常極端)的，令人難以置信的→believable adj.可信的→believe v．相信 4．growth n．增加，增長(zhǎng)；成長(zhǎng)，生長(zhǎng)→grow v．長(zhǎng)大，生長(zhǎng) 5．enquiry n．詢問(wèn)，咨詢；調(diào)查，查究，探究→enquire v．詢問(wèn)，打聽 6．receptionist n．接待員→reception n．接待處→receive vt.接待，招待 7．punctual adj.準(zhǔn)時(shí)的，守時(shí)的→punctually adv.準(zhǔn)時(shí)地，守時(shí)地→punctuality n．準(zhǔn)時(shí)，守時(shí) 8．a(chǎn)ggressive adj.好斗的，挑釁的，富于攻擊性的→aggression n．好斗情緒，攻擊性→aggressor n．侵略者，挑釁者 9．violate vt.違犯，違反；侵犯→violation n．違反 10．crossing n．人行橫道；十字路口，交叉點(diǎn)；穿越→cross vt.穿過(guò) 縱聯(lián)1.發(fā)現(xiàn)以“ship”結(jié)尾的名詞 ①membership 會(huì)員資格；會(huì)員身份 ②relationship 關(guān)系；聯(lián)系 ③friendship 友情，友誼 ④hardship 艱難；困苦 ⑤ownership 所有權(quán) 縱聯(lián)2.探究“時(shí)間”高頻詞 ①interval n. 間歇 ②break n. 間歇 ③moment n. 片刻 ④while n. (一段)時(shí)間 ⑤instant n．& adj. 時(shí)刻；即刻的 ⑥permanent adj. 永久的 ⑦temporary adj. 暫時(shí)的 ⑧punctual adj. 守時(shí)的 縱聯(lián)3.“沖突，碰撞”表達(dá)種種 ①knock 敲擊 ②collision 撞擊，碰撞 ③impact 碰撞，沖撞 ④dash 猛撞 ⑤crash 撞車；碰撞 ⑥clash 沖突 ⑦run into 撞在……上 單元話題——公共交通 子話題1　交通工具類別 ①bus/minibus　　　　　 　　　 公共汽車/小型公共汽車 ②coach 長(zhǎng)途客運(yùn)汽車 ③maglev train 磁懸浮列車 ④underground/subway/metro 地鐵 ⑤light railway 輕軌鐵路 ⑥highspeed train 高速列車 ⑦taxi 出租車 ⑧motorbike 摩托車 ⑨bicycle 自行車 ⑩car 轎車 ?lorry 運(yùn)貨汽車，卡車 ?aeroplane 飛機(jī) ?helicopter 直升機(jī) ?ship 輪船 ?ferry 輪渡 ?motorboat 摩托艇 ?automobile 汽車 ?vehicle 交通工具，車輛 子話題2　交通出行時(shí)的現(xiàn)象 ①traffic jam 交通堵塞 ②traffic lights 交通信號(hào)燈 ③pavement 人行道 ④violate the law 違反法律 ⑤traffic accident 交通事故 ⑥pay a fine 支付罰款 ⑦restrict speed 限速 ⑧run a red light 闖紅燈 ⑨drunk/drunken driving 酒駕 ⑩obey/observe traffic regulations 遵守交通規(guī)則 [學(xué)考對(duì)接活學(xué)活用] 高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的詞匯應(yīng)用 1．(2012廣東高考閱讀C)I was blind, but I was ashamed of it if it was known.I refused? to use a white stick and hated asking for help.After all, I was a teenage girl, and I couldnt bear people to look at me and think I was not like them.I must have been a terrible danger on the roads.ing across me wandering through the traffic, motorists probably would have to step rapidly on their __?__ (brake)．Apart from that, there were all sorts of disasters that used to occur? on the way to and from work. ①寫出加黑詞在本單元的反義詞：undertake，短語(yǔ)undertake_to_do_sth.意為“同意或答應(yīng)做某事”。 ②用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：brakes，意為“剎車”。 ③用本單元單詞替換加黑詞匯：arise，意為“出現(xiàn)”，其過(guò)去式為arose，過(guò)去分詞為arisen。 2．(2012廣東高考完形)Rules can help the public make the right choices, and remain safe.Car drivers have to obey? traffic regulations that tell them the right things to do on the road to avoid crashes?.__?__ (cycle) who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent accidents. ①寫出加黑詞在本單元的反義詞：violate，意為“違反，違背”。 ②選擇加黑詞在句中的意思：__B__ A．暴跌　　 B．碰撞　　　C．使發(fā)出巨響 ③用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：Cyclists 高考采擷(二)　寫作中的詞匯應(yīng)用 (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)及提示詞翻譯句子) 1．(2016浙江高考書面表達(dá))比賽前的一個(gè)月，我曾花了兩個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間制定出了我練習(xí)步驟的一個(gè)時(shí)間表。(timetable) A_month_before_the_contest,_I_spent_two_hours_working_out_a_timetable_of_my_practical_steps. 2．(2011江蘇高考書面表達(dá))學(xué)生的負(fù)擔(dān)多年來(lái)一直是一個(gè)熱門話題，但家長(zhǎng)的負(fù)擔(dān)卻很少受到關(guān)注，尤其是來(lái)自他們自己孩子的關(guān)注。(load) The_burden_of_students_has_been_a_hot_topic_for_years,_but_the_load_of_parents_has_received_little_attention,_especially_from_their_own_children. (二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑 1．convey vt.運(yùn)送，輸送；表達(dá)，傳達(dá) [記牢] convey ones feelings/meanings/appreciation/affection/emotions　　　 表達(dá)某人的感情/意思/感謝/喜愛/情感 convey sth. to sb.　　 向某人表達(dá)/傳遞某物 convey sb./sth. from A to B 把某人或某物從A地運(yùn)送到B地 [練通]　完成句子 ①We conveyed_our_goods_from_here_to_market in an old truck. 我們用一輛舊卡車把貨物從這里運(yùn)送到市場(chǎng)。 ②At that moment words couldnt convey_my_emotions. 在那一刻，語(yǔ)言無(wú)法表達(dá)我的情感。 ③I wish to take this opportunity to ask you to convey_my_best_regards_to_your_mother. 我希望借此機(jī)會(huì)向你媽媽致以我最美好的祝愿。 [寫美] ④(2011大綱卷全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))我想表達(dá)的意思是：我在記筆記方面有一些困難并且我不知道如何使用圖書館。 What_I_want_to_convey_is_that_I_have_some_difficulties_with_notetaking_and_I_dont_know_how_to_use_the_library. 2. postpone vt.延遲，延期 [記牢] (1)postpone sth.(to/until ...)　　 推遲某事(到……) postpone doing sth. 推遲做某事 (2)postponement n. 延遲，延期 [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①The only practicable alternative is to postpone holding (hold) the meeting. ②He decided to postpone the expedition until/to the following day. ③The postponement (postpone) was due to a dispute over where the talks should be held. 完成句子 ④I shall postpone_making_a_decision till/until I learn full details. 在未獲悉詳情之前我將從緩作出決定。 ⑤The mander decided to postpone_the_big_push_to/until_the_spring. 指揮官?zèng)Q定把大規(guī)模的進(jìn)攻推遲到春天進(jìn)行。 [寫美] ⑥(2012湖北高考書面表達(dá))每當(dāng)我遇到困難，我從不拖延解決它們。 Whenever_I_met_with_difficulties,_I_never_postponed_solving_them. 3. undertake vt.& vi.承擔(dān)，從事；承諾，答應(yīng) [記牢] undertake to do sth.　　　　　 答應(yīng)/同意做某事 undertake responsibility/a task/a project 承擔(dān)責(zé)任/任務(wù)/工程 undertake that ... 保證/承諾…… [練通]　完成句子 ①We_cannot_undertake_that we shall finish the task in time. 我們無(wú)法保證按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。 ②She is glad to undertake_to_sweep_the_rooms and set them in order. 她愿意負(fù)責(zé)把房間打掃干凈，整理得有條不紊。 ③They are willing to undertake_the_responsibility for the changes. 他們?cè)敢獬袚?dān)這些變革的責(zé)任。 [寫美] ④(2009陜西高考書面表達(dá))其次，你應(yīng)該承諾做好自己的事情，向你的媽媽證明你已經(jīng)是一個(gè)“成年人”。 Second,_you_should_undertake_to_do_your_own_things_well,_proving_to_your_mom_that_you_are_already_a_“grownup”． 4. reservation n．預(yù)訂，預(yù)約；保留意見 [記牢] (1)without reservation　　　 無(wú)保留地，無(wú)條件地 make a reservation 預(yù)訂(房間、票)；預(yù)約 (2)reserve n. 儲(chǔ)備，儲(chǔ)存；自然保護(hù)區(qū) v. 儲(chǔ)備，保留，預(yù)約 reserve sth. for sb./sth. 為某人/某物預(yù)約/保留某物 be reserved for 留作，(專)供……之用 a wildlife reserve 野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū) [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①Customers are advised to make seat reservations (reserve) in advance. ②Weve reserved a single room for you at the garden hotel. 單句改錯(cuò) ③So if you are going to visit a friend, it is necessary to make reservation.reservation前加a ④Outside a hospital in Belgrade, usually two parking spots reserved for parents with babies.reserved前加are 完成句子 ⑤I support this measure, but it doesnt mean that I support you without_reservation. 我支持這項(xiàng)措施，但這并不意味著我會(huì)無(wú)條件地支持你。 ⑥I think Id better call them to make_a_reservation for tonight. 我想我最好給他們打電話為今天晚上作個(gè)預(yù)約。 ⑦Are you for building highways in_a_wildlife_reserve? 你贊成在野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)修公路嗎？ [用準(zhǔn)]　形似詞preserve vt.意為“保護(hù)，保存；維護(hù)”。 [寫美] ⑧(2013全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))你能到機(jī)場(chǎng)接我叔叔并把他帶到預(yù)訂好的賓館嗎？ Would_you_please_meet_my_uncle_at_the_airport_and_take_him_to_the_reserved_hotel? 5. arise vi.出現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生；(由……)引起；起身；起床 [辨清]　寫出下列句中arise的含義 ①Seeing his mother return home, the boy arose from his chair immediately.起身 ②New problems will arise one after another in the future.出現(xiàn) ③They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.起床 ④The problem arose from lack of experience.由……引起 [記牢] arise from ＝ arise out of　　　　 由……引起/產(chǎn)生 if/when the need arises 如果/當(dāng)有需要時(shí) [練通]　完成句子 ⑤Science arose_from/out_of the practical necessity of dealing with everyday problems. 科學(xué)產(chǎn)生于人們處理日常問(wèn)題的實(shí)際需要。 ⑥Children should be disciplined when/if_the_need_arises. 必要時(shí)孩子們應(yīng)受到管教。 [用準(zhǔn)]　arise為不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生”時(shí)，主語(yǔ)一般為argument，difficulty, misunderstanding, problem, quarrel, trouble等抽象名詞。 [寫美] ⑦(2009陜西高考書面表達(dá))你面臨的問(wèn)題不斷出現(xiàn)，在我們青少年中很普遍。 The_problem_you_are_facing_keeps_arising_and_it_is_mon_among_us_teenagers. 6. load n．[C]負(fù)荷，負(fù)載；大量，許多vt.裝載，裝上，裝入 [記牢] (1)a load of ＝ loads of　　　　　 大量，許多 take a load off ones mind 打消某人的顧慮 (2)load ...with ... 用……裝載…… load ... into/onto ... 把……裝到……上去 load off ones mind 去除某人的精神負(fù)擔(dān) [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①They loaded themselves with food, medical supplies, and oxygen equipment. ②The good news has taken a load off my mind. 單句改錯(cuò) ③Once goods are loaded with trucks, everything slows down.with→into/onto ④Loading with 35 tons of equipment and materials, a Red Cross plane has landed in Burma safely.Loading→Loaded 完成句子 ⑤Uncle Jim brought a_load_of/loads_of_presents for the kids. 吉姆大叔給孩子們帶來(lái)了許多禮物。 ⑥Knowing he was safe loaded_off_my_mind. 得知他平安以后，我如釋重負(fù)。 [寫美] ⑦(2012遼寧高考書面表達(dá))作為一名學(xué)生讀者，我寫信的目的是想談?wù)勀銈兂霭嫔绯霭娴挠⒄Z(yǔ)教材，它有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 As_a_student_reader,_Im_writing_to_talk_about_the_English_textbooks_published_by_your_publisher,_which_have_a_load_of_advantages. [詞匯過(guò)關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]　 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．After the terrible earthquake, the government conveyed (運(yùn)送) people to safer places. 2．I thought it would be easy, but a lot of problems have arisen (出現(xiàn))． 3．Once you have undertaken (承諾) it, you should do it. 4．Do you mind if I postpone (推遲) that appointment until next week? 5．The truck was carrying a load (大量) of sand. 6．The enlarged (擴(kuò)大的) school campus is three times as big as the old one. 7．The performance runs two hours thirty minutes including an interval (間隔)． 8．Would you please make my reservation (預(yù)訂) to Chicago for tomorrow? 9．World Health Day is celebrated every year on 7 April, which marks the anniversary (周年紀(jì)念日) of WHO. 10．These designs demonstrate her unerring (準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤的) eyes for colour and detail (細(xì)節(jié))． Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．Unfortunately(unfortunate), due to unforeseen circumstances, this years show has been cancelled. 2．Cyclists (cycle) are advised to wear helmets to reduce the risk of head injury. 3．I just want you to answer the question in a concrete and believable (unbelievable) phrase. 4．Weve seen an enormous growth (grow) in the number of businesses using the Web. 5．A major enquiry (enquire) is underway after the death of a union official. 6．Thank you for your warning. Ill hand in the paper punctually (punctual) tomorrow. 7．A large reception (receptionist) was held in honor of the brave explorers. 8．The research shows that puter games may cause aggression (aggressive)． 9．I reserve my favorable ments for my former monitor. 10．You must give way to any pedestrians on the crossing (cross)． Ⅲ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．Owing to the bad weather, we decided to postpone leave.leave→leaving 2．I have taught some foreigners Mandarin for two years, which can help to take a load from your mind. from→off 3．The manager undertook to improving the working arrangements in six months. improving→improve 4．—Its getting dark.I must be off now. —OK, please take care and convey my best wishes with your family.with→to 5．These changes arose differences in climate and nature.arose后加from Ⅳ.完成句子 1．The countrys present difficulties arise_from/out_of the shortage of petroleum. 這個(gè)國(guó)家當(dāng)前的困境是由石油短缺而造成的。 2．They undertook_to_finish_the_task by Monday. 他們答應(yīng)在星期一之前完成任務(wù)。 3．Id like to make_a_reservation of the ticket flying to London for July 5. 我想預(yù)訂7月5日飛往倫敦的機(jī)票。 4．How long will it take to load_the_coal_onto_the_truck? 裝一卡車煤需要多少時(shí)間？ 5．I find it hard to convey_my_feelings in words at the moment. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)此刻難以用言語(yǔ)表達(dá)我的感情。 (一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí) 1．drop_off　　　　　　　　　 中途下客或卸貨 2．link_up 聯(lián)合，連接 3．put_through 給某人接通(電話) 4．decide_on/upon 決定，選定 5．put_off 推遲，推延；使反感 6．turn_up[串記1] 出現(xiàn)，到來(lái)；調(diào)高(音量等) 7．fill_in[串記2] 填寫(表格)；消磨(時(shí)間) 8．split_up[串記3] 分組，分解；分離 9．speed_up (使)加速 10．a(chǎn)rise_from 起因于，由……引起 11．a(chǎn)t_(...)_intervals 每隔……距離或時(shí)間 12．a(chǎn)_handful_of 少數(shù)的，少量的 13．result_in 造成 14．in_connection_with 與……有聯(lián)系 15．in_need_of 需要 16．watch_out_for 小心 17．be_aimed_at 旨在，目的是 18．look_both_ways 左顧右盼 19．step_into 步入，走進(jìn) [同根短語(yǔ)串記](méi) 串記1.神“出”鬼“沒(méi)”家族 ①show up 露面，出現(xiàn) ②e up 出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生 ③turn up 出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生 ④appear vi. 出現(xiàn)；顯得；登場(chǎng) ⑤disappear vi. 消失；失蹤 ⑥die out 滅絕；消失 串記2.“v.＋in”常用短語(yǔ) ①take in 理解；欺騙 ②turn in 移交 ③break in 闖入 ④give in 屈服，讓步 ⑤result in 導(dǎo)致 ⑥bring in 引進(jìn) 串記3.“v.＋up”短語(yǔ)聯(lián)想 ①split up 分組，分解；分離 ②set up 建立 ③end up 結(jié)束 ④pay up 付清 ⑤cut up 切碎 ⑥link up 聯(lián)合，連接 1．keep ...in good condition 使……處于良好的狀態(tài) 2．a(chǎn)ccelerate the pace of 加快……的步伐 3．under the authority of 在……掌控之下 4．in the air 在空中；未決定的 5．under repair 在修理中 6．make the assumption 假定；臆斷 1．So, why_not_take a trip on the oldest underground system today? 那么，今天為什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地鐵觀光一番呢？ 2．Below_are_some_of_the_major_causes_of_road_accidents in connection with vehicles such as cars, minibuses and lorries, and what drivers should do to prevent them. 以下是機(jī)動(dòng)車如小汽車、小型巴士和貨車引起道路交通事故的一些主要原因，以及司機(jī)為防止事故應(yīng)采取的措施。 3．It_is_up_to_all_of_us_road_users_to_make_sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety. 靠注意道路安全來(lái)確保避免事故，這就取決于我們大家，即道路使用者。 [學(xué)考對(duì)接活學(xué)活用] 高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的詞塊和句式 1．(2016浙江高考完形)What brought about (resulted_in) this astonishing change in me? The desert hadnt changed, but I had.(用本單元短語(yǔ)替換加黑短語(yǔ)) 2．(2011四川高考閱讀E)Whats more, the firms that “slowed down to speed_up (加速)” improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating ines over a threeyear period.(完成句子) 高考采擷(二)　寫作中的短語(yǔ)和句式 (根據(jù)提示翻譯句子) 1．(2017浙江高考書面表達(dá))沿途全是大樹，如果累了我們可以乘涼。(全部倒裝) Along_the_road_are_tall_trees,_we_can_relax_in_a_cool_place_if_were_tired. 2．(2013陜西高考書面表達(dá))我突然想到一個(gè)主意：為什么不徹底打掃一下房間呢？(why not＋動(dòng)詞原形) I_suddenly_got_an_idea:_why_not_give_the_rooms_a_thorough_cleaning? (二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑 [短語(yǔ)集釋] 1．link up聯(lián)合，連接；使結(jié)合；使連接 [記牢] link up with　　　　　 與……聯(lián)合/匯合/碰頭 link ... with/to ... 將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來(lái) be linked to/with 與……有關(guān) [練通]　完成句子 ①A new road would be needed to link_up_with the main road. 需要修一條新路與主干道路相連。 ②The local government plans to build a railway to link_up the two islands. 當(dāng)?shù)卣?jì)劃建一條鐵路把這兩個(gè)島嶼連起來(lái)。 ③Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle has been_linked_with/to an increased risk of heart disease. 肥胖和久坐不動(dòng)的生活方式被認(rèn)為會(huì)增加患心臟病的幾率。 [寫美] ④(2011全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))我可以了解所有與這周相關(guān)的重要事情。 I_can_learn_all_important_things_that_are_linked_with_the_week. 2．put through給某人接通(電話)；使經(jīng)歷；使成功；使通過(guò)；完成 [辨清]　寫出下列句中put through的含義 ①Im looking for a parttime job to help put me through school.完成 ②Both the boys were put through the pains they had never experienced before.使經(jīng)歷 ③They put all the students through the important exams.使通過(guò) ④Can you put me through to the president office of the institute？給某人接通(電話) [記牢] break through　　　　　 突破；突圍 cut through 抄近路穿過(guò)；克服；穿透 get through 通過(guò)；接通電話；使(某人)理解 go through 通過(guò)；經(jīng)歷；仔細(xì)查看；查閱 look through 仔細(xì)檢查；瀏覽 see through 看穿，識(shí)破；看透 [練通]　選用上述短語(yǔ)填空 ⑤She decides to work hard and break_through all the difficulties in English. ⑥Youd better look_through your notes before the midterm examination. ⑦He tried to trick us, but we saw_through his game. ⑧We must go_through the account books together; theres still some money missing. ⑨If you dial the wrong area code, you will not get_through. [寫美] ⑩(2010湖北高考書面表達(dá))微笑可以幫助我們渡過(guò)難關(guān)，在陌生人的世界里找到朋友。 A_smile_can_help_us_get_through_difficult_situations_and_find_friends_in_a_world_of_strangers. 3．speed up (使)加速 [記牢] at high/low/full/top speed　　　　 以高/低/全/最高速 at a speed of ... 以……速度 with great/all speed 以很快的速度/全速 [練通]　完成句子 ①A car passed him at_top_speed,_sounding its horn. 那輛車?guó)Q著喇叭，高速?gòu)乃磉咇傔^(guò)。 ②Obviously, a good learning habit can help us to speed_up to reach our destinations. 顯而易見，一個(gè)好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣能幫助我們盡快達(dá)到我們的目標(biāo)。 ③The plane is flying at_a_speed_of 200 miles an hour. 飛機(jī)正以每小時(shí)二百英里的速度飛行。 ④Our car was running with_all_speed on the expressway. 我們的車在高速公路上全速行駛。 [用準(zhǔn)]　speed的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞有兩種形式，分別是：speeded, speeded 或sped, sped；speed up的反義短語(yǔ)為slow down“放慢速度”。 [寫美] ⑤(2017浙江高考書面表達(dá))Mac跳下自行車，以最快的速度向汽車后門沖去。 Mac_jumped_off_his_bicycle_and_dashed_for_the_back_door_of_the_car_at_full_speed. [句式集釋] 1．why not＋動(dòng)詞原形 [教材原句]　So, why_not_take a trip on the oldest underground system today? [悟拓展例句] (1)What you need is a change of surroundings. Why_not_go/Why_dont_you_go_on a cruise? 你需要換換環(huán)境。為什么不乘船去旅行呢？ (2)—May I go with you? —Why_not? ——我可以和你一起去嗎？ ——可以呀。 [析用法規(guī)則] 用法歸納 (1)why not后跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，用來(lái)提出建議，表示“為什么不做……呢，做……如何”相當(dāng)于Why dont you do ...? (2)why not可單獨(dú)使用，表示同意，意為“當(dāng)然可以，好啊，干嘛不”。 注意事項(xiàng) 表示“建議”的常見句型還有： Lets do ...　　　　　　　　讓我們做…… Shall we do ...? 讓我們做……，好嗎？ Would you like to do ...? 你想(愿意)做……嗎？ Will you please do ...? 請(qǐng)你做……，好嗎？ What/How about doing ...? 做……怎么樣？ I suggest that sb.(should) do ... 我建議某人做…… Youd better (not) do ... 你最好(不)做…… [背寫作佳句] (1)(2017北京高考書面表達(dá))I suggest you choose the tour along the Yangtze, the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese nation.(開頭句) (2)(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))To learn Tang poetry well, youd better get some information about Tang Dynasty before class.(要點(diǎn)句) 2．It is up to sb.to do sth. [教材原句]　It is up to all of us road users to make sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety. [悟拓展例句] (1)Life provides you with time and space. Its_up_to_you_to_fill_it. 生命給予你時(shí)間與空間，如何填滿它是你自己的事。 (2)Call in, or ring us up. Its_up_to_you. 你可以親自來(lái)訪，也可以打電話。由你定。 [析用法規(guī)則] 用法 歸納 It is up to sb.to do sth.為固定句式，多出現(xiàn)在口語(yǔ)中，意為“由某人決定做某事；做某事是某人的職責(zé)”。 [背寫作佳句] (1)(2010北京高考滿分作文)It was up to me to search the Internet for the train schedule, the weather in Beidaihe, and some hotel information.(開頭句) (2)(2017北京高考滿分作文)These are my suggestions but it is up to you to decide which route to choose.(總結(jié)句) [詞塊、句式過(guò)關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練] Ⅰ.選詞填空 result in, arise from, accelerate the pace of, be aimed at, link up, speed up, split up, put off 1．Drunk driving and speeding resulted_in his being arrested. 2．Criticism should be_aimed_at helping those criticized. 3．I called to tell you that if it should rain tomorrow, we would put_off_the sports meeting. 4．He told me that the serious accident arose_from the drivers false operation. 5．The newlybuilt expressway links_up the two big cities, making the munication between the cities more frequent than ever. 6．They decided to accelerate_the_pace_of construction so as to finish building the gymnasium earlier. 7．They are broadening the bridge to speed_up the flow of traffic. 8．Research suggests that children whose parents split_up are more likely to drop out of high school. Ⅱ.完成句子/一句多譯 1．絲綢之路是一條具有歷史意義的國(guó)際通道，它使古老的中國(guó)文化與印度文化、希臘文化、羅馬文化連接起來(lái)。 The Silk Road was an international passage with historical significance, which linked_up_ancient_Chinese_culture_with that of India, Greece and Rome. 2．應(yīng)該由你來(lái)決定是否實(shí)施這一計(jì)劃。 Its_up_to_you_to_decide whether to carry out this plan or not. 3．我的工作和以前的研究相聯(lián)系。 ①M(fèi)y work is_linked_with/to previous research. (link) ②My work is_related_to previous research. (relate) ③My work has_something_to_do_with previous research.(have something to do with) 4．為什么不再給他一次機(jī)會(huì)呢？畢竟，每個(gè)人都會(huì)犯錯(cuò)。 ①Why_not_give_him_another_chance? After all, everybody makes mistakes.(why not) ②Why_dont_you_give_him_another_chance? After all, everybody makes mistakes.(why dont you) Ⅲ.分步寫作 假如你叫李華，你從網(wǎng)絡(luò)上了解到最近交通事故頻頻發(fā)生，造成事故的主要原因?yàn)榫坪篑{駛。請(qǐng)你寫一篇短文，發(fā)帖到網(wǎng)上，奉勸司機(jī)朋友要珍愛生命，切莫酒后駕車。詞數(shù)100左右。 參考詞匯：drunk driving 酒后駕車 第一步：準(zhǔn)確審題，理行文脈絡(luò)，擬寫作要點(diǎn) 本文是一篇網(wǎng)絡(luò)帖子，倡議不要酒后駕車。時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)，人稱為第三人稱。文章應(yīng)分三個(gè)層次：開頭應(yīng)寫出發(fā)帖的原因(了解到交通事故頻發(fā))，然后說(shuō)明這一現(xiàn)象的原因與危害，最后提出自己的倡議。 要點(diǎn)1：我從網(wǎng)上了解到交通事故頻頻發(fā)生。(learn from, traffic accident) I_have_learned_from_the_Internet_that_traffic_accidents_happened_frequently. 要點(diǎn)2－①：很多司機(jī)認(rèn)為自己能夠避開事故。(avoid) Many_drivers_think_they_can_avoid_accidents. 要點(diǎn)2－②：酒后駕駛會(huì)威脅到司機(jī)和其他人的生命。(threaten) Drunk_driving_will_threaten_the_lives_of_the_drivers_and_other_people. 要點(diǎn)2－③：酒后駕駛讓家人擔(dān)心。(suffer from) It_will_make_their_family_suffer_from_anxiety. 要點(diǎn)2－④：酒后駕駛是違法的。(be against) Drunk_driving_is_against_the_law. 要點(diǎn)2－⑤：越來(lái)越多的人因此而受到懲罰。(punish) More_and_more_people_are_punished_for_it. 要點(diǎn)3：請(qǐng)不要酒后駕駛。(after drinking) Please_dont_drive_after_drinking. 第二步：添加細(xì)節(jié)，文意更豐滿，表達(dá)更亮眼 為了提升作文檔次，可從以下幾點(diǎn)對(duì)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)难a(bǔ)充。例如：要點(diǎn)1，可以用which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)說(shuō)明交通事故頻發(fā)的原因；要點(diǎn)2－①增加細(xì)節(jié)指出酒后駕駛的代價(jià)；要點(diǎn)2－②用not only ...but also來(lái)說(shuō)明酒后駕駛的后果；要點(diǎn)3著重強(qiáng)調(diào)為了家人和所有人的安全，請(qǐng)不要酒后駕駛。 拓展1：我從網(wǎng)上了解到交通事故頻頻發(fā)生，主要是由酒后駕駛造成的。(which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句， resul