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聽(tīng)寫(xiě),runtheriskofdoingsth./riskdoingsth.objectto/disapproveofaccusesb.ofsth./chargesb.withsth./suesb.forsth.convictsb.ofsth.regretdoingsth./regrettodosth.amatterof…;ratherthan…givesb.anadvantageoversb.else(taketheadvantageof利用),speakhighlyof…mightaswell(do…)incombinationwith/togetherwithaccountfor…:explain…/giveareasonfor..;occupy/amountto占有…paythepricefor…shedlighton…atone’sdisposalnotuntil(upto…);besuperiorto;keeppacewith,Assignment:CheckYourself,TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,Iwastryingto_____________________________________________________.(為遲到這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間編一個(gè)理由)2.__________________________________,(杰克一定還沒(méi)有找回他自行車(chē))forhecamebybusthismorning.(否定推測(cè))(canhavenotfound…)3.Theirfirstattempttocreatethegeneticmapoftheworld_______________________________(完全失敗了).4.Everyoneinterviewed______________________________________(都受到了不公正的對(duì)待).5.Whensavinghiswife,______________________________(他冒著自己?jiǎn)噬奈ｋU(xiǎn)).,makeupanexcuseforbeing(so)late/,forsuchalongtime,Mikecan’thavefoundhisbicycle,wasnothinglessthanafailure,hadbeensubjecttounfair,treatment,herantheriskoflosinghis,ownlife,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定的意義,不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ),只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和單復(fù)數(shù)的變化,有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有過(guò)去式。Youcankeepthebooksfortwoweeks.這些書(shū)你可以借兩個(gè)星期。MayIsmokehere?我可以在這兒抽煙嗎？Wemustgonow.我們現(xiàn)在得走了。,①常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can(could),may(might),must,shall(should),will(would),dare(dared),need等,另外,haveto、hadbetter也當(dāng)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面必須加動(dòng)詞的原形。②can表示體力、腦力方面的能力或客觀的可能性?？谡Z(yǔ)中,在詢(xún)問(wèn)或說(shuō)明一件事可不可以做時(shí),常用“can”。過(guò)去式是“could”,否定式是“cannot”,通?？s寫(xiě)成“can’t”,如：CanIhelpyou?(要幫忙嗎？)/Hecanswim.(他會(huì)游泳)/Thatcan’tbeMrLi.(那不可能是李先生),must表示“必須”、“一定”。表示“必須”時(shí)否定形式是mustn’t；表示“一定”時(shí),否定形式是“can’t”如：Wemustbeverycarefulwhenwecrosstheroad./ItmustbeJack./Ihaven’tseenKatetoday.Shecan’tbehere.[注意]用must(必須)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)時(shí),肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t；用must(一定)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)時(shí),肯定回答仍用must,但是否定回答用can’t.如：Mustwecleantheroombeforeweleave?–Yes,youmust.或No,youneedn’t.Mustshebeintheroom?–Yes,shemust.或No,shecan’t.,besubjectto,adj.[作表語(yǔ)]~tosthoftenhaving,sufferingorundergoingsth.;liabletosth.常有﹑常遭或?；寄呈挛?傾向某事物:Areyousubjecttocolds?你常患感冒嗎?Trainsaresubjecttodelay(s)aftertheheavysnowfalls.一下大雪火車(chē)就往往誤點(diǎn).,6.___________________________,(他沒(méi)有接受我的忠告)hedidjustwhatIhadwarnedhimagainst.7.Beingoutofworkandhavingtwoyoungchildren,.（夫妻倆發(fā)現(xiàn)勉強(qiáng)維持生計(jì)是不可能的）Thenewgovernmentwasaccusedoffailure/failingto_______________________________________________（未能實(shí)現(xiàn)其降低失業(yè)率的承諾）.(achieve/realizedream/goal),Ratherthantakemyadvice,thecouplefounditimpossibletomakeendsmeet,9.Thecustomercomplainedthatnosoonerhadhetriedto______________________________________（他剛試著使用這臺(tái)機(jī)器，它就不能運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)了）10.Ifyouhad______________________________________.____________________________.（聽(tīng)從了我的忠告，你就不會(huì)陷入麻煩）,usethemachinethanitstoppedworking.,followedmyadvice/suggestion,youwouldnt,haveput/getyourselfintotrouble,fulfillitspromisetoreducetheunemploymentrate,11.Withtearsonherface,theladywatchedherinjuredsonbeingsentintotheoperatingroom/surgery.（看著她受傷的兒子被送進(jìn)手術(shù)室）(saw…sentinto…)12.Butformobilephone,ourcommunicationwouldnothavebeensoefficientandconvenient.（我們的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便）13.Inhandlingatoughsituation,nothingismorehelpfulthanself-confidence.（沒(méi)有什么比自信更有幫助的了）14.Idon’tthinkitadvisablethathisfatherdeprivehischildrenoffreedomtospendtheirsparetime.（剝奪孩子們業(yè)余時(shí)間的自由）Notuntilyesterdaydidherealizehowserioustheproblemwas.(直到昨天他才意識(shí)到問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性)(Itwasnot..thatherealized…),11.Withtearsonherface,theladywatchedherinjuredsonbeingsentintothesurgery.（看著她受傷的兒子被送進(jìn)手術(shù)室）【解析】本句中“看”指的是注視，強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作，而不是結(jié)果，故用watch，若強(qiáng)調(diào)看到的結(jié)果，則用see,“看到兒子被送進(jìn)手術(shù)室”強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，因此watch后面用beingsentintothesurgery作賓補(bǔ)。injured表示因意外事故造成的傷害，wounded多指“槍傷、刀傷”等。Watch,listento,hear,lookat,see,feel,find,notice,observe等感官動(dòng)詞接省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作從發(fā)生到結(jié)束的全過(guò)程，接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生。(+do/+doing),12.butforwithout;ifitwerenotfor要不是；如果沒(méi)有(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)*Butforhishelp,Ishouldnothavesucceeded．*Weshouldhavegoneforaspringoutingbutforthebadweather．14.Idontthinkitadvisablethatparentsdeprivetheirchildrenoffreedomtospendtheirsparetime（剝奪孩子們的自由）(deprivesb.ofsth.)【解析】在itisimportant/necessary/advisable/strange/impossible/naturalthat句型中，that后面的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+原形動(dòng)詞，should可省略。,9.【解析】nosoonerthan引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“剛一就”，主句通常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句通常用一般過(guò)去式。并且nosooner位于句首時(shí)，主句需部分倒裝，要將助動(dòng)詞had提至主語(yǔ)之前。表達(dá)“一就”意義的短語(yǔ)還有:“hardly/scarcelywhen”Thecustomercomplainedthathardly/scarcelyhadhetriedtousethemachinewhenitstoppedworking.,部分倒裝：指部分謂語(yǔ)（如助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）位于主語(yǔ)之前的倒裝。1．一般疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句，反意問(wèn)句要求部分倒裝。Hashefinishedhiswork?/It’salovelyday,isn’tit?2．only修飾介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句，并置于句首時(shí)，主句中要部分倒裝。Onlyinthiswaycanwehaveabetterfuture.Onlywhentherainstoppeddidthematchstartagain.注：“only＋名詞/代詞”置于句首不要倒裝。例如：Onlyhecandoit.(正)Onlycanhedoit.(誤),3．否定副詞，如not,never,neither,nor,seldom,hardly,little等置于句首時(shí)，后面要求部分倒裝。HardlycanIbelievethat./NeverhashebeentotheGreatWall./Seldomdoesshewritetome.4．notonly…but(also)…連接兩個(gè)分句，notonly置于句首，它所引導(dǎo)的這部分要部分倒裝，但but(also)部分不要倒裝。Notonlyshouldwestudyscience,butalsoweshouldpayattentiontopolitics.注：若notonly…but(also)…連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，句子不要倒裝。,5．notuntil引起短語(yǔ)或引導(dǎo)從句置于句首時(shí)，主句中要求部分倒裝。Notuntilhewastendidhegotoschool./NotuntilyesterdaydidIrealizewhattroublehewasin.6．hardly…when…;nosooner…than…句型中，若hardly,nosooner位于句首時(shí)，主句中要求部分倒裝。HardlyhadIenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang./Nosoonerhadhefinishedhistalkthanhewassurroundedbytheworkers.7．so表“也”、“同樣”意，位于句首時(shí)，其后要部分倒裝。例如：Youcanswim,socanI./Ifyougo,sowillI.,