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附錄 ABasics of flexible screw conveyorsIn basic form , a flexible screw conveyor consists of a spring steel or stainless steel flexible screw that is enclosed in s flexible or rigid plastic tube or a rigid steel tube (a small diameter ,plastic inner tube may also run the entire length of the flexible screw) and driven by an electric motor，normally located at the discharge end of the conveyor.The intake end of the conveyor tube is typically equipped with a charging adapter-a U-shaped trough that connects to the outlet of a hopper or directly to the outlet of process equipment such as a bulk bag discharger,bag dump station,grinder,　crusher　,screener,　blender,　reactor,　or storage vessel. The flexible screw passes through the charging adapter trough　exposing a section of the screw to material flowing into the trough from above. When rotating　the exposed section of screw feeds material into the outer tube　where it is then propelled through the tube by the enclosed portion of the screw.The screw automatically selfcenters within the tube　providing clearance between the screw and tube wall a phenomenon resulting from the loose fit of a rotating flexible screw within a tube filled with bulk material This property affords sufficient space for particles to flow without damage　depending on the fragility and size of particles being conveyed.A removable cleanout cap covers the intake end of the conveyor tube　Permitting rapid emptying and flushing of the tube　as well as disassembly and washdown of components .Because the intake end of the screw requires no bearing，and since the discharge end is coupled to the motor drive above and/or beyond the point at which material exits the discharge spout， material does not come in contact with seals or bearings. The flexible screw is therefore the only moving part contacting material.Typical applications include conveying of materials between storage vessels，bulk bag dischargers， manual bag dump stations，drum dump stations，crushers，screeners，blenders ，reactors，Packaging equipment， injection molding and extrusion machines and other Process equipment.Capabilities A flexible screw conveyor is your most likely choice if its list of distinguishing capabilities closely matches that of your requirements，or if an individual capability exclusive to a flexible screw solves an individual problem of key concern. CoMPare your needs with the following attributes。one moving Part contacting material―The only moving part contacting material in a flexible screw conveyor is rugged flexible screw，which is directly driven by an electric motor. This simple design does not require the filters，cyclone separators ，internal bearings，and other moving parts found on pneumatic conveyors，bucket elevators，rigid augers，drag chains，and/or aeromechanical conveyors .Conveys free-flowing and nonfrce-flowing materials- A flexible screw conveyor can transport bulk materials ranging from large pellets to submicron powders，including difficult to handle products that Pack，cake，seize，fluidize ，plug，or smear. Some examples are fine powderssuch as fumed silica，compressible materials such as titanium dioxide，dense materials such as metal powder， friable materials，materials that fluidize，and materials comprised of particle sizes to 1 in. such as nuts. The gentle rolling action created by the rotating screw prevents the separation of blended Products，even those comprised of disparate particle sizes and/or densities，throughout the entirelength of the conveyor.Contamination Prevention-A flexible screw conveyor can be fully enclosed to Prevent contamination of bulk Products and the Plant environment，while Preserving the moisture and temperature levels of materials being conveyed. All interior surfaces are smooth， and can be easier to clean than conveyors in which material contacts internal bearings，seams ， filters or other internal components . In addition，the units can be designed and finished to industrial and sanitary standards encoMPassing chemical，pharmaceutical ，food/dairy，plastics，paint，mining ，packaging，and other applications .Multidirectional-A flexible screw conveyor can move powder and bulk solid materials vertically，horizontally，or at any angle. This ability allows the user to position the intake and discharge ends of the conveyor according to the preferred system Layout or to accommodate awkward layouts as are frequently encountered in retrofit/upgrade situations.Gentle Product handling-Depending on particle fragility and size，a flexible screw conveyor can move materials with little or no breakage ordegradation， Clearance afforded between the screw and tube wall by the rotating，self-centering screw can eliminate or minimize the grinding，crushing ，and iMPact damage that can occur with other conveying methods.Rapid，thorough cleaning-Flexible screw conveyors contain no cracks，crevices ，filters ，or bearings that can trap particles or breed contamination. Cleaning consists of removing the cleanout cap and reversing rotation to evacuate any residual material Prior to flushing with air， water，steam ，or cleaning solution. The screw and outer tube canalso be removed rapidly for thorough wash-down of individual components.high reliability， low maintenance-A flexible screw conveyor contains no internal bearings. filters，or separators to wear， break down，or require maintenance. The wear and fatigue-resistant flexible screw is driven directly by an electric motor . Depending on application parameters，a flexible screw conveyor can be started and stopped repeatedly，even under a full load，with no binding or damage to the unit.Economical-The lack of internal bearings，gears，filters ，or chains as well as external compressors，blowers，and separators can make flexiblescrew conveyors less costly to build and operate than other conveyors. A flexible screw conveyor can also be economical to install，because theintake and discharge ends can be Positioned wherever desired，without exact conveyor routing，reducing the need to reconfigure other upstreamand downstream Process equipment.Mobility-Flexible screw conveyors can be caster-mounted on frames with conveyor support booms for inplant mobility，avoiding the cost of multiple stationary units.Multiple discharges-Horizontally oriented flexible screw conveyors can feed multiple packaging machines，molding machines，and processequipment simultaneously or individually They can also convey bulk material over long distances，feed multiple discharge points selectively，or top off all Points on a timed cycle through manual or automatic slide gate valves.Volumetric feeding-A flexible screw conveyor can simultaneously meter and convey bulk solid products · Units can be equipped with ac or dc variable-speed drives and hoppers with flow promotion devices for continuous feeding of both free and nonfree-flowing materials.Weigh batching and feeding-Gain-in-weight batching systems consist of individual or multiple flexible screw conveyors discharging into a central weigh hopper or other process equipment，which is equipped with load cells. Gain-in-weight information is transmitted to a central programmable controller，which in turn controls each conveyor. The controller then activates each conveyor，in sequence，to load each ingredient into the central weigh hopper，first at high speed，then at dribble speed before stopping the conveyor when the target batch weight has been reached. since the system functions as both weigh feeder and conveyor，it can eliminate the need for separate equipment. LimitationsSince every mode of conveying also Possesses inherent limitations，each must be identified and ruled unimportant， or less important than corresponding attributes，before deeming a flexible screw conveyor to be the most compromise-free alternative for your application.Material evacuation—Flexible screw conveyors，like other mechanical conveyors，do not generally evacuate material completely when operating in a forward direction The cleanout cap can be removed，however，and the screw rotation reversed to fully evacuate residual material for reasons of cleaning and/or material changeovers. Gentle Product handling—While flexible screw conveyors can have less deleterious effect on materials than do methods that tend to grind，crush ，or iMPact bulk products，not all materials can be conveyed damage 一 free. A Percentage of large， brittle flakes or large，soft particles may，for example，incur breakage，particularly through long runs or steep inclines in a flexible screw conveyor . proper engineering of a flexible screw conveyor system can eliminate or minimize these effects.Capacity requirements—Flexible screw conveyors are currently utilized for applications with capacity requirements less than 50 tons/hr ( Per conveyor ) , explaining why they are infrequently employed for off-loading of ships or railcars. Other eonsid6rationS there are two basic types of screws in flexible screw conveyors: round wire and flat wire. Each has its advantages and limitations.The rounded flight surface of round wire screws iMParts the material with directional forces that propel it through the tube，and relatively high radial forces that create an effective bearing between the screw and tube wall throughout the length of the conveyor. The material bearing surface causes the screw to self-center within the tube，Preventing it from contacting the tube wall throughout its entire length，even when the screw/tube assembly is curved，assuming it has been correctly engineered. The amount of directional slippage can be minimized utilizing an inner tube running the entire length of the conveyor， but this is typically unnecessary when conveying Products comprised of larger Particle sizes and/or those of higher mass，such as sugar，flour，soda ash，and plastic owders，ellets and regrind，as these materials are conveyed efficiently using round wire screws.Flat wire screws are fabricated using bar stock that is square or rectangular in cross section. Flat bearing surfaces iMPart greater directional force and lesser radial force(and material compression ) than round wire screws. Flat wire screws are therefore frequently employed to convey products that tend to compress，as well as fragile materials，low，mass materials，and those comprised of the finest Particle sizes.If the characteristics of a flexible screw conveyor align neatly with your material characteristics and process parameters，your next step is to provide material samples and application details to a flexible screw conveyor application engineer，who can suggest the optimum system for integration with your new or existing Process. Should your application call for capabilities beyond those outlined above，a fundamental knowledge of other relevant modes of conveying will enable you to determine Which incurs the fewest number of compromises or which best solves your most criticalFULU附錄 B：螺旋輸送機(jī)基礎(chǔ)在基本形式上，螺旋輸送軸是以鑄鋼或鑄鐵為材料的螺旋葉片繞制在一根擾性的、堅(jiān)硬的塑料或鋼管上而形成的（小直徑塑料管可能會(huì)延伸到整個(gè)螺旋長(zhǎng)度） ，螺旋軸由通常裝在卸料端的電機(jī)直接驅(qū)動(dòng)。輸送機(jī)的進(jìn)料端通常裝有一個(gè) U 型沉槽，它與漏斗狀進(jìn)料口直接相連接或直接與推進(jìn)裝置的入口相連，例如一個(gè)容器狀卸料袋、袋狀傾倒站、搗碎機(jī)、粉碎機(jī)、攪拌機(jī)、反應(yīng)裝置或躉船。進(jìn)料槽要布置在螺旋的上方，由進(jìn)料斗進(jìn)入料槽的物料可以直接進(jìn)入螺旋軸上的螺旋槽中。當(dāng)裸露的螺旋旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)它將物料拋到管軸的外表面，這樣物料進(jìn)沿著螺旋槽移動(dòng)。在管軸內(nèi)螺旋能夠自動(dòng)調(diào)心，并對(duì)管壁和螺旋葉片進(jìn)行清理。由于松散而導(dǎo)致的這種現(xiàn)象有利于裝有塊狀物料的螺旋在料槽內(nèi)旋轉(zhuǎn)。物料是否能夠在足夠的空間里輸送而不造成損害取決于其脆性和粒度。輸送機(jī)的進(jìn)料端通常安裝有一個(gè)可拆卸的清理蓋，一便對(duì)軸及時(shí)進(jìn)行清理，還可以對(duì)零件進(jìn)行拆卸和清理。由于進(jìn)料端要求沒有負(fù)荷，且因卸料端的負(fù)荷是驅(qū)動(dòng)力的兩倍或兩倍以上，這樣物料就可以達(dá)到卸料口。物料在進(jìn)入料槽時(shí)與密封蓋是不相接觸的。因此螺旋是與物料直接接觸的唯一運(yùn)動(dòng)部件。螺旋的典型運(yùn)用包括在躉船、鼓狀傾倒站、搗碎機(jī)、粉碎機(jī)、攪拌機(jī)、反應(yīng)裝置、包裝機(jī)、鑄造機(jī)、鍛壓機(jī)和其它物料輸送裝置上。性能如果列出能夠滿足你要求的性能清單或如果某個(gè)功能是螺旋解決單個(gè)問題所獨(dú)有的，那么螺旋輸送機(jī)是你最好的選擇。將你的需要與下面一些特征作個(gè)對(duì)比：與物料接觸的一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)部件—在螺旋輸送機(jī)上唯一與物料相接觸的部件就是粗而硬的螺旋軸，它由電機(jī)直接驅(qū)動(dòng)。這種簡(jiǎn)單的設(shè)計(jì)并不需要過濾器，吹風(fēng)隔離機(jī)，其它運(yùn)動(dòng)部件在氣動(dòng)輸送設(shè)備、升降吊桶、堅(jiān)硬的螺絲錐、移動(dòng)鏈上可以看到。輸送自由流動(dòng)和無壓流動(dòng)的物料—螺旋輸送可以用于輸送大到圓球小到微米大小的粉狀物質(zhì)，還可以用于輸送難于裝袋、抓取的物料。關(guān)于粉末狀物料輸送的例子如二氧化硅，可壓縮的物料有二氧化鈦，粘性物質(zhì)如金屬粉末、纖維物質(zhì)、 ，易變質(zhì)物質(zhì)，還有由尺寸只有 1 英寸的微粒組成的物料。旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)是由轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的螺旋來完成的，它同時(shí)還可以防止混合物的分離，即使是那些由分散小尺寸或粘性微粒組成的物質(zhì)在通過長(zhǎng)距離輸送時(shí)也不會(huì)分散。防污染—螺旋輸送機(jī)可以進(jìn)行很好的密封，以防止產(chǎn)品對(duì)環(huán)境造成極大的污染，但必須保證被輸送物料的潮度和溫度。輸送機(jī)的內(nèi)表面都是很光滑的，且要易于輸送機(jī)的清理。在輸送機(jī)內(nèi)部，物料要與焊縫、過濾器或內(nèi)部其他零件相接觸。除此之外，整體的設(shè)計(jì)可以同時(shí)達(dá)到工業(yè)和環(huán)境要求的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。多方位—螺旋輸送機(jī)可以垂直、水平或以任意角度輸送粉末狀和塊狀固體物質(zhì)，這個(gè)功能允許用戶根據(jù)更好的系統(tǒng)安排或不便于裝配的空間來定位進(jìn)料口和出料口.。柔性產(chǎn)品的搬運(yùn)—螺旋輸送機(jī)能否在輸送物料時(shí)只產(chǎn)生微小的破損或沒有破損，能否對(duì)螺旋槽進(jìn)行清理取決于物料顆粒的脆性和粒度。自動(dòng)調(diào)心的螺旋能夠消除或減小磨損、壓碎及采用其它輸送機(jī)械容易引起的沖擊?？焖?、全面的清理—螺旋輸送機(jī)不包含任何裂縫、過濾器、阻止物料運(yùn)移或使輸送中斷的舉動(dòng)。清理首先要移走防護(hù)罩，然后讓其倒轉(zhuǎn)疏散殘留的物料，以便用空氣、水、蒸汽及其它清潔措施將其沖走。螺旋葉片和光軸可以被快速的移走，以便對(duì)其它部件進(jìn)行清理。高可靠性、低維護(hù)—螺旋輸送機(jī)不帶有任何內(nèi)部附屬物、過濾器或隔離器被磨損破壞或需要維護(hù)。螺旋軸是由電動(dòng)機(jī)直接驅(qū)動(dòng)。一臺(tái)螺旋輸送機(jī)能否反復(fù)啟動(dòng)制動(dòng)，甚至在滿負(fù)荷的情況下對(duì)整機(jī)沒有任何束縛和破壞是取決于其應(yīng)用參數(shù)的。經(jīng)濟(jì)性—由于沒有連接傳動(dòng)裝置、過濾器、鏈條及外部壓力源、吹風(fēng)機(jī)、隔離器使得螺旋輸送機(jī)的制造成本和運(yùn)營(yíng)成本較其他輸送機(jī)械要低。一臺(tái)螺旋輸送機(jī)的安裝也很經(jīng)濟(jì)，因?yàn)檫M(jìn)料口和出料口可以根據(jù)需要來定位而沒有一種固定輸送路線，這樣就減少了順流和逆流對(duì)推進(jìn)裝置的依賴。靈活性—螺旋輸送機(jī)可以通過人工架設(shè)在帶有輸送支架的架設(shè)構(gòu)架上以便提高輸送的靈活性，這樣就避免了由于采用大量的固定單元而造成的浪費(fèi)。多種卸料方式—水平布置的螺旋輸送機(jī)可以給多臺(tái)包裝機(jī)、鑄造機(jī)和加工設(shè)備同時(shí)或單獨(dú)進(jìn)料。它們還可以長(zhǎng)距離輸送塊狀物料，有選擇性的進(jìn)行多點(diǎn)卸料或通過人工或自動(dòng)方式滑過出料口。它們還 可以在一個(gè)循環(huán)的時(shí)間內(nèi)封閉所有卸料點(diǎn)。大容積進(jìn)料—螺旋輸送機(jī)可以同時(shí)計(jì)量和輸送塊狀固體產(chǎn)品。整機(jī)可以安裝帶有流動(dòng)推進(jìn)裝置的 ac 或 dc 變速進(jìn)料斗以便連續(xù)自由的輸送物料。成批稱重和進(jìn)料—對(duì)成組物品稱重的系統(tǒng)是由單個(gè)或多個(gè)擾性輸送設(shè)備組成，這些設(shè)備將物品卸到一個(gè)中心稱重斗里或其它安裝有載荷單元的加工設(shè)備中。獲得的稱重信息被輸送到一個(gè)中心程序控制器中，程序控制器輪換控制每一個(gè)輸送設(shè)備。然后控制器啟動(dòng)輸送機(jī)，順序?qū)⒚恐挟a(chǎn)品載入稱重的中心料斗，輸送機(jī)在輸送時(shí)首先以高速輸送，當(dāng)目標(biāo)的成組稱重已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)后，在輸送機(jī)停機(jī)前，以滴落的速度停止進(jìn)料。因?yàn)檫@種稱重系統(tǒng)既實(shí)現(xiàn)了稱重又實(shí)現(xiàn)了輸送，所以它可以消除對(duì)隔離器的依賴。缺陷—由于每種輸送方法都存在固有的缺陷，因此在認(rèn)為一臺(tái)螺旋輸送機(jī)就是你應(yīng)用的最佳選擇前必須對(duì)每種方法的不重要因素或次要因素進(jìn)行認(rèn)證和控制。物料的疏散—像其它的輸送機(jī)械一樣螺旋輸送機(jī)在一直線運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)通常不能對(duì)物料進(jìn)行徹底的疏散，然而當(dāng)移去防護(hù)罩并讓螺旋逆轉(zhuǎn)是可以充分疏散殘留物料以便進(jìn)行清洗和物料翻轉(zhuǎn)。柔性產(chǎn)品的裝卸—螺旋輸送機(jī)對(duì)物料的有害影響比用易于磨損、壓碎或沖擊塊狀物品的輸送方法要小，不是所有的物料都能完好無損的被輸送。例如易碎的小薄片或大而柔的顆粒可能會(huì)招致破損，尤其是在螺旋輸送機(jī)內(nèi)長(zhǎng)距離輸送或過高的傾斜面上輸送時(shí)物品是容易引起破損的。螺旋輸送機(jī)合理的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)可以消除這些影響。能力要求—目前，螺旋輸送機(jī)被應(yīng)用于工作能力要求小于 50t/h 的應(yīng)用情況下，這是為什么它們很少被用在船只或火車的裝卸上。在螺旋輸送機(jī)內(nèi)有兩種基本的形式的螺旋：平母線螺旋和彎曲母線螺旋。每一種螺旋形式都有自身的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺陷。繞制的螺旋葉片表面會(huì)對(duì)物料施一個(gè)直接的外力以推動(dòng)物料在螺旋槽內(nèi)移動(dòng)。相對(duì)較高的圓周力在螺旋輸送機(jī)的整個(gè)長(zhǎng)度內(nèi)對(duì)螺旋和軸產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)有效的作用。物料受到的載荷使得螺旋在管軸內(nèi)能夠自動(dòng)調(diào)心以防止物料在通過整個(gè)輸送距離時(shí)與管壁發(fā)生接觸，即便螺旋和管軸的裝配是直線型的也能自動(dòng)調(diào)心，但條件是它已經(jīng)被正確的設(shè)計(jì)。利用在整個(gè)輸送長(zhǎng)度內(nèi)旋轉(zhuǎn)的螺旋軸可以使下滑物料的量減少，這是因?yàn)檫\(yùn)用繞制的螺旋是很有用的。但是但輸送由大顆粒組成或那些高堆積度的產(chǎn)品時(shí)，就完全沒有必要了，例如輸送糖塊、面粉、蘇打粉等。平螺旋是利用截面為方型或矩形的棒料制成的。這種螺旋的承載截面能夠比彎曲母線螺旋對(duì)物料施加的力要大，因此平螺旋被廣泛的用來輸送易于壓縮的產(chǎn)品，也常用來輸送易碎物料和那些小粒度物料。如果已經(jīng)將螺旋輸送機(jī)的特性和你的物料特性及輸送參數(shù)列在一起，那么你的下一不就是提供物料樣品及應(yīng)用細(xì)節(jié)給螺旋輸送機(jī)的應(yīng)用設(shè)計(jì)師，他可以為你新的或已經(jīng)存在程序提供最理想的系統(tǒng)的綜合的建議。如果你的應(yīng)用要求輸送機(jī)能力超過了粗略設(shè)計(jì)水準(zhǔn)，那么有關(guān)輸送機(jī)其它模型的基本知識(shí)可以讓你正確決策哪一種方案需要最少的協(xié)調(diào)工作或哪一種方案最能解決你最關(guān)鍵的問題。