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課時14 八年級（下）Units 7-8 Ⅰ.語法與情景對話 1.［xx重慶A卷］No one can be right all the time. When people make mistakes, we shouldnt _______ them. A. wait for B. send for C. knock at D. laugh at 2.［xx吉林改編］It is _______ known that more and more foreigners are learning Chinese culture now. A. politely B. loudly C. widely D. actually 3.［xx東營］WeChat Pay (微信支付) makes our life convenient. We can buy things _______ we dont take any money. A. unless B. because C. even if D. so that 4.［xx德州］Sam is doing some _______ about the ancient Silk Road. A. exercise B. operations C. research D. experiments 5.［xx泰安］It is accepted by everyone that knowledge is the most valuable _______ for human beings. A. standard B. treasure C. invention D. instruction 6.［xx山西改編］When going upstairs or downstairs, we need to walk on the right, leaving the left space for the people who _______. A. hurry up B. look around C. run away D. walk along 7.［xx銅仁］—I think that Jane writes as _______ as Mike. —So she does. A. careful B. carefully C. more careful D. more carefully 8.［xx北京］The hotel is very old. Its one of _______ buildings in the city. A. old B. older C. oldest D. the oldest 9.［xx黃石］—Where is your uncle, Jane? —He is in Guangzhou. He _______ for a month. A. has left B. has gone C. left D. has been away 10.［xx烏魯木齊］_______ students went to the university to listen to the _______ speech. A. Thousand of; 120-minutes B. Thousands of; 120-minutes C. Two thousands; 120-minutes D. Two thousand; 120-minute Ⅱ.完形填空［xx福建改編］ Jadav Payeng is a forestry worker from Jorhat, India. Over the past 38 years, he has planted trees on a sandbar（沙洲）of the Brahmaputra River and has 1 it into a forest. One day in 1979, 16-year-old Payeng was walking 2 the bank of the Brahmaputra River. He saw many snakes on the sandbars. These snakes died in a few days time 3 the heat and the absence of trees. Payeng felt very 4 when he saw this. He decided to plant some trees. Single-handedly, he started planting bamboo trees, as only bamboo trees could survive（存活）in the sandbars. To water the trees was a difficult 5 for one man. With his hard work and great effort, day by day the 6 bamboo trees grew into a forest. His tree planting has changed the soil（土壤）. Now the sandbar is a thick forest and 7 to thousands of plants and animals. A large group of around 100 elephants visit the forest every year and 8 there for a few months. Payeng is now in 9 fifties. He has planted close to 1, 400 acres（英畝）of forests and is 10 as the Forest Man of India. In xx, he was honored with Padma Shri, one of the top awards in India. 1. A. divided B. put C. turned D. made 2. A. along B. through C. across D. in 3. A. according to B. because of C. as for D. thanks to 4. A. lonely B. happy C. tired D. sad 5. A. task B. journey C. condition D. subject 6. A. wild B. tall C. young D. green 7. A. way B. guide C. school D. home 8. A. stay B. lie C. sit D. stop 9. A. her B. his C. its D. their 10. A. invited B. served C. known D. welcomed Ⅲ.閱讀理解［xx懷化改編］ Americans like to have different kinds of parties, such as birthday parties, surprise parties, tea parties and housewarming parties. Pajama (睡衣) parties are one of the most popular kinds of parties in the US. At a pajama party, a group of friends spend the night at a persons house. It is a great way for children or teenagers to get together and have a good time. To hold a pajama party, the host will usually plan some fun activities such as watching movies and playing board games and video games at home. He or she should also prepare some delicious sweets, fruits and fun food like pizza. Guests at a pajama party should bring their own pajamas, toothbrushes, pillows (枕頭) and blankets (毛毯). If a pajama party is mainly for fun, a prom is no doubt a very important thing in most America schools. A prom is a formal (正式的) dance party that is held at a high school. The party is usually held near the end of the senior year, the last year of high school, so it is often called graduation (畢業(yè)) dance. Students should wear formal clothes at the prom. 1. How many kinds of parties are mentioned in the passage? A. Five. B. Six. C. Seven. D. Eight. 2. Where is a pajama party held? A. At a persons house. B. At a persons office. C. At a persons high school. D. At a persons restaurant. 3. To hold a pajama party, the host will usually plan some fun activities EXCEPT _______. A. watching movies B. playing board games C. playing video games D. bringing toothbrushes, pillows and blankets 4. From the passage, we know that the underlined word “prom” means _______. A. schools opening ceremony B. graduation party C. Coming-of-age ceremony D. anniversary 5. Whats the best title for the passage? A. History in the US B. Parties in the US C. Sports in the US D. Pajamas in the US Ⅳ.任務(wù)型完形填空 friendly, find, see, shone, sitting, him, first, happily, explain, glass Last Wednesday morning, it was sunny, Tom and I were 1. _______ in the school library. Then I looked out of the window and 2. _______ Mr. Smith, my English teacher crossing the school playground. He was wearing a pair of 3. _______. “I dont want to meet him,” said I. “Why not?” asked Tom, “He just doesnt like me.” I 4. _______. Tom thought for a while and said, “Maybe youve 5. _______ it wrong. He probably thinks you dont like him, so hes not 6. _______ to you. Usually people like the people who like them. If you show interest in 7. _______, he will be interested in you. Get to talk to him.” At last I walked down and greeted Mr. Smith warmly. He looked at me, surprised. And then we laughed together and talked 8. _______. I could imagine Tom watching from the window, smiling. Get to like people 9. _______. Youll find that the light you shine on others will soon be 10. _______ back at you even more brightly. Ⅴ.任務(wù)型閱讀理解［xx沈陽改編］ California is one of the richest states in America. It has a large amount of land. And it also has more people than any other states. It has plenty of natural resources （資源）, too. But everything is not perfect there. California has two major problems: earthquakes and forest fires. The San Andreas Fault runs through California. ①As a result of it, the state gets many earthquakes. ②Some of the earthquakes are very strong. For example, there was a strong earthquake in San Francisco in 1906. It destroyed many buildings. And it started a large number of fires. More than 3,000 people died after it. There have also been many other strong earthquakes. Some people fear that the “big earthquake”will hit someday. They think an earthquake will cause a huge amount of damage （破壞）. During summer and autumn, much of California is dry. So forest fires, or wildfires, often start. Those fires can spread rapidly. They burn many forest. But they can also burn peoples homes and buildings. They often kill people ③_______ firefighters can put them out. 1. 寫出文中①處畫線部分的同義詞語或近義詞語。_______ 2. 將文中②畫線句子翻譯成漢語。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在文中③處填入合適的詞。_______ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. How many people died from the earthquake in 1906? ________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. How is the weather in California during summer and autumn? ________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅵ.口語交際［xx貴陽改編］ A: Dad, how much do you know about China? B: 1. _______ China is a big country that has about 5,000 years of history. It attracts many tourists from all over the world every year. A: Is that so? 2. _______ B: Yes. And many of them are famous, such as Mount Tai, Mount Huang and Mount Emei. A: 3. _______ B: There are many rivers in China. Among them the Yangtze River is the longest one and the second longest one is the Yellow River. 4. _______ A: Anything else? B: Sorry. Thats all I know. If you want to learn more, you can read Guide to China. 5. _______ A: Thanks. Ill read it. A. Just a little. B. What about rivers? C. I dont know it at all. D. Are there any beautiful mountains? E. Theyre the birthplaces of Chinese culture. F. Its a book which introduces China in detail. G. What do you think of China? Ⅶ.書面表達［xx金華改編］ 假如你應(yīng)邀參加一個國際讀書會,并將分享自己讀過的一本好書。請根據(jù)下列表格中的要點提示,用英語寫一篇短文,介紹你要分享的書。 Key points （要點） Words and expressions for reference （參考詞匯） What the name is The Old Man and the Sea ... Who wrote it Ernest Hemingway, America ... What it is about fisherman, fight against fish and Nature. ... Why I like it meaningful, never give up, well known sentence:“man is not made for defeat （失?。保?.. interesting, helpful,... well-known sentence... 要求：1. 可選擇使用所給的書名及內(nèi)容,也可另選書籍； 2. 短文內(nèi)容可適當(dāng)增加； 3. 文中不得出現(xiàn)真實的人名和校名； 4. 詞數(shù)：80詞左右；短文開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。 The book Id like to share with you is The Old Man and the Sea. ________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅰ.語法與情景對話 1. D【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：沒有人總是正確的。當(dāng)人們犯錯誤的時候，我們不應(yīng)該_______他們。wait for等待；send for召喚，派人去請；knock at敲；laugh at嘲笑。由語境可知，此處表示“不應(yīng)該嘲笑犯錯誤的人”。故選D。 2. C【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：據(jù)_______所知，越來越多的外國人現(xiàn)在正在學(xué)習(xí)中國文化。politely禮貌地；loudly大聲地；widely廣泛地；actually實際上。It is widely known that…, 眾所周知……。故選C。 3. C【解析】考查從屬連詞辨析。句意：微信支付使我們的生活便利。我們能買到東西_______我們不帶錢。unless除非；because因為；even if即使；so that以便于。分析語境可知前后句應(yīng)為讓步關(guān)系，所以用even if，表達“即使不帶錢，通過微信支付也能買到東西”。故選C。 4. C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：薩姆正在做一些關(guān)于古代的“絲綢之路”的_______。exercise鍛煉，運動；operations操作，手術(shù)；research研究，調(diào)查；experiments試驗。根據(jù)“the ancient Silk Road”可知他正在做這個研究。故選C。 5. B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每個人都承認：知識對人類來說是最寶貴的_______。standard標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；treasure財富；invention發(fā)明；instruction指示，指導(dǎo)。分析語境可知知識對人類來說是最寶貴的財富。故選B。 6. A【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：當(dāng)上下樓梯時，我們要靠右行，把左邊的位置留出來給_______人們。hurry up趕快；look around到處看看；run away逃跑；walk along散步。由語境可知是把左邊的位置留出來給趕時間的人們。故選A。 7. B【解析】考查副詞的比較等級。句意為“我認為簡跟邁克寫得一樣認真?！薄暗拇_是?！盿s…as…意為“和……一樣……”，為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，中間用形容詞或副詞的原級，所以排除C、D兩項；修飾動詞write用副詞。故選B。 8. D【解析】考查形容詞的最高級。句意：這個旅館非常古老。它是這座城市_______的建筑之一?！皁ne of+the+形容詞最高級+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式”是固定結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D。 9. D【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。句意為“Jane，你叔叔在哪兒？”“他在廣州。他已經(jīng)離開一個月了?！庇蓵r間狀語“for a month”可知句子用現(xiàn)在完成時，且謂語動詞應(yīng)用延續(xù)性動詞；leave為短暫性動詞，應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)化為be away。故選D。 10. D【解析】考查數(shù)詞的用法和名詞作定語。句意：_______的學(xué)生來到大學(xué)聽這個120分鐘的演講。表示具體或確切數(shù)目時用“具體數(shù)字+hundred/thousand/million+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”，表示概數(shù)時用“hundred/thousand/million的復(fù)數(shù)+of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”，故排除A、C兩項；第二個空為“數(shù)詞+名詞”作定語，其中的名詞要用單數(shù)形式。故選D。 Ⅱ.完形填空 【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了來自印度Jorhat的Jadav Payeng，從16歲開始在島上種樹，日復(fù)一日，本來干旱死寂的沙地慢慢演變成能茂密的森林，生態(tài)的平衡也使得動物有了理想的棲身之地，Jadav Payeng被稱為“印度森林之子”。 1. C【解析】考查動詞辨析。句意：在過去的38年中，他已經(jīng)種了許多樹，把沙洲變成了森林。divided…into…把……分成若干份；put…into…把……放到……里面；turned…into…把……變成……；made…into…把……制成……。故選C。 2. A【解析】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：1979年的一天，16歲的Payeng沿著布拉馬普特拉河河岸走。along沿著；through通過，穿過，強調(diào)從某個空間內(nèi)部穿過；across穿過，橫穿；in在……里。故選A。 3. B【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：那些蛇全都因太熱而且當(dāng)時的沙洲并沒有樹木遮蓋而死去。according to根據(jù)，按照；because of因為，由于；as for至于；就……來說；thanks to由于，幸虧。故選B。 4. D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他看到這幅景象（蛇大量死亡）很傷心。lonely孤獨的，寂寞的；happy高興的；tired累的，疲勞的；sad悲傷的，傷心的。故選D。 5. A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：（在沙洲）給這些樹澆水對于一個人來說是一個很艱難的任務(wù)（工作）。task工作，任務(wù)；journey旅行；condition狀態(tài)，環(huán)境；subject主題。故選A。 6. C【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：日復(fù)一日，小竹苗長成了大竹林。wild野生的，荒涼的；tall高的；young年輕的，年幼的；green綠色的。故選C。 7. D【解析】考查固定短語辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在沙洲已經(jīng)變成了森林（竹林），并且成了數(shù)以千計的動植物的家。way to……的方式，……的路；guide to引導(dǎo)……到……；school to……的學(xué)校；home to……的家/故鄉(xiāng)。故選D。 8. A【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：每年有一支100頭左右的大象組成的象群會到竹林中去，并在那里待上幾個月。stay待在……，逗留；lie躺，撒謊；sit坐；stop停止。故選A。 9. B【解析】考查代詞詞義辨析。固定短語“in ones+整十的數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式”表示“在某人幾十多歲時”。Jadav Payeng是男性，所以用his。故選B。 10. C【解析】考查固定短語。句意：Jadav Payeng被稱為“印度森林之子”。be known as意為“號稱，被認為是”。故選C。 Ⅲ.閱讀理解 【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了美國不同種類的舞會，重點介紹了睡衣舞會和畢業(yè)舞會。 1. B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。題干意為：本文提到了多少種晚會？根據(jù)第一段中“Americans like to have different kinds of parties, such as birthday parties, surprise parties, tea parties and housewarming parties.”可知文中先提到了四種。下文中又提到了睡衣舞會、畢業(yè)舞會，總共提到了六種晚會。故選B。 2. A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。題干意為：睡衣晚會在哪里舉辦？由第一段第三句“At a pajama party, a group of friends spend the night at a persons house.”可知睡衣晚會在個人的家里舉辦。故選A。 3. D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。題干意為：為了舉行一個睡衣晚會，主人通常會安排一些有趣的活動，除了_______。由第二段第一句“…such as watching movies and playing board games and video games at home.”可知選D。 4. B【解析】詞義猜測題。題干意為：從文中我們可以知道畫線單詞“prom”的意思是_______。根據(jù)最后一段中“The party is usually held near the end of the senior year, the last year of high school, so it is often called graduation（畢業(yè)） dance.”可知是畢業(yè)舞會。故選B。 5. B【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。文章介紹了美國人的不同舞會，尤其重點介紹了睡衣舞會和畢業(yè)舞會。故選B。 Ⅳ.任務(wù)型完形填空 【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者不喜歡英語老師，湯姆的教育感化了作者，作者根據(jù)“你對他感興趣，他就對你感興趣”試著找到老師談話而解決問題。文章告訴我們：先喜歡人，你將會發(fā)現(xiàn)你照在他人身上的光將會更亮地返回給你。 1. sitting【解析】句意：湯姆和我_______在學(xué)校圖書館。根據(jù)前面的“were”和方框中所給的單詞，可確定此處使用現(xiàn)在分詞、動名詞、形容詞等；結(jié)合句意可知是坐在圖書館里。故填sitting。 2. saw【解析】句意：然后我朝窗外看并_______史密斯先生，我的英語老師，經(jīng)過操場。根據(jù)“and”及句子成分，可知此處應(yīng)填動詞過去式，與“l(fā)ooked out of”并列；再結(jié)合所給單詞可知此處表達我看見史密斯先生……。故填saw。 3. glasses【解析】句意：他戴著一副_______。根據(jù)句意及所給詞匯可知此處表示“眼鏡”，用復(fù)數(shù)。故填glasses。 4. explained【解析】句意：我_______……。分析句子成分可知此處為謂語動詞；結(jié)合所給詞匯，前面asked及此處的位置，可知explain在此處最合適，表示解釋，用過去式explained。故填explained。 5. found【解析】句意：或許你已經(jīng)_______它錯誤。由have可知此處應(yīng)填過去分詞，表示現(xiàn)在完成時；結(jié)合所給單詞和句意可知用find的過去分詞，表示發(fā)現(xiàn)。故填found。 6. friendly【解析】句意：他可能認為你不喜歡他，因此他對你不_______。由“is not”可知此處可能為形容詞、動名詞等；結(jié)合所給單詞和句意可知是用friendly，be friendly to sb.“對某人友好”。故填friendly。 7. him【解析】句意：如果你對_______表示感興趣，他將對你感興趣。由in可知此處為賓格；結(jié)合后半句和句意可知是對他感興趣。故填him。 8. happily【解析】句意：然后我們一起笑，_______交談。分析句子成分可知此處為副詞；結(jié)合所給單詞和句意可知是開心地交談。故填happily。 9. first【解析】句意：_______喜歡人。結(jié)合所給單詞和句意可知是“先喜歡人”與上文的“你對他感興趣，他將對你感興趣”呼應(yīng)。故填first。 10. shone【解析】句意：你將會發(fā)現(xiàn)你照在他人身上的光將會更亮地_______返給你。由be可知此處用動名詞、過去分詞、形容詞等；結(jié)合所給單詞和句意可知用shone，表示被返回，為被動語態(tài)，符合語境。故填shone。 Ⅴ.任務(wù)型閱讀理解 【主旨大意】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹美國加利福尼亞州很富裕，擁有大量的土地，也有很多人，自然資源非常豐富，但是有兩個主要問題：地震和森林火災(zāi)。作者列舉了幾次地震和大火造成的財產(chǎn)損失和人員傷亡的例子。 1. Because of【解析】as a result of“（它的）結(jié)果是……”與because of“由于……的結(jié)果”是同義詞。位于句首，首字母需大寫。 2. 其中一些地震非常強烈。 3. before【解析】句意：它們經(jīng)常在消防員滅火之前燒死人們。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，前后句存在時間上先后順序，故填連詞before。 4. More than 3，000 people. 5. It is dry (and has less rain).【解析】根據(jù)最后一段第一句中的“much of California is dry”可知答案。 Ⅵ.口語交際 1-5 ADBEF Ⅶ.書面表達 The book Id like to share with you is The Old Man and the Sea. It is written by the American writer Ernest Hemingway. This book tells about a fisherman who is lucky enough to catch a huge fish at sea, but finds it hard to take it home. On the way back, he has to fight against the fish, and the sea as well. What I like most about the book is that the fisherman never gives up when meeting with difficulties. I still remember the well-known sentence from the book：Man is not made for defeat. This tells us that nothing seems terrible as long as we have a strong will and a brave heart.