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第11講八年級(下)Units3~4,山西專用,1．cloud(n.)→(adj.)多云的2．fold(v.)→(反義詞)(使)展開；打開3．sweep(v.)→(過去式/過去分詞)掃；打掃4．throw(v.)→(過去式)→(過去分詞)扔；擲5．lend(v.)→(過去式/過去分詞)供給；借出→(反義詞)借；借用6．develop(v.)→(n.)發(fā)展；發(fā)育；成長→(adj.)發(fā)展中的→(adj.)發(fā)達的7．drop(v.)→(過去式/過去分詞)落下；掉下8．communicate(v.)→__________________(n.)交流；溝通9．a(chǎn)rgue(v.)→(n.)爭論；爭吵,cloudy,unfold,swept,threw,thrown,lent,borrow,development,developing,developed,dropped,communication,argument,10．explain(v.)→(過去式/過去分詞)解釋；說明→(n.)解釋；說明11．compare→(n.)比較；對照12．fair(adj.)→(n.)公正性；公平性→(反義詞)不公平的；不公正的13．ill(adj.)→(n.)疾?。徊?4．proper(adj.)→(adv.)正確地；適當?shù)?5．clear(adj.)→(adv.)清楚地；清晰地；明白地16．typical(adj.)→(adv.)典型地17．usual(adj.)→(反義詞)不尋常的；與眾不同的→(adv.)通常地；一般地18．two(num.)→(adv.)第二；其次,explained,explanation,comparison,fairness,unfair,illness,properly,clearly,typically,unusual,usually,second,1．倒垃圾____________________2．頻繁，反復__________________3．一……就……，盡快______________4．目的是，為了_____________5．依靠，依賴______________6．照顧，處理_______________7．快速查看，瀏覽______________8．重要的事____________,takeouttherubbish,againandagain,assoonas,inorderto,dependon,takecareof,lookthrough,bigdeal,9．成功地發(fā)展，解決_____________10．和睦相處，關系良好___________11．刪除，刪去_______________12．比較，對比________________13．依……看________________14．吃驚地，驚訝地______________15．過來，順便拜訪_____________,workout,getonwith,cutout,compare...with,inonesopinion,insurprise,comeover,1．—_________________sweepthefloor？“你能掃一下地板嗎？”—Yes，_______.“好的，當然可以?！?．Theyshouldspendtheirtimeonschoolwork____________getgoodgradesand__________agooduniversity.他們應該將時間花在學業(yè)上，為的是取得好成績并考上好大學。3．Also，whentheygetolder，theywillhavetodohousework，so_________________forthem______________now.而且，當他們長大后，他們將必須做家務，所以他們現(xiàn)在沒必要做家務。4．Ithink____________isnotsodifficult.I_________________them.我認為做家務并不是很難，我并不介意做家務。5．Ifoundmysister__________________mythingsyesterday.昨天我發(fā)現(xiàn)我妹妹在翻閱我的東西。,Couldyouplease,sure,inorderto,getinto,thereisnoneed,todoit,doingchores,dontminddoing,lookingthrough,6．Insteadhewatches___________________untillateatnight.相反，他想看什么就看什么，一直看到深夜。7．___________kidslearntobeindependent，___________itisfortheirfuture.孩子們越早學會獨立，對他們的未來就越好。8．_______________________thesefeelingswithyourfamily？你為何不與你的家人談談這些感受呢？9．People_____________theirkidssohard.人們不該把自己的孩子逼得太緊。10．Theyarealways___________them_________otherchildren.他們總是把他們(自己的孩子)和其他孩子做比較。,whateverhewants,Theearlier,thebetter,Whydontyoutalkabout,shouldntpush,comparing,with,11．Imstill_______________her.我還是生她的氣。12．Althoughsheswrong，itsnota_____________．盡管她錯了，但這并不是什么大不了的事。13．Hopethings_____________．希望事情會好起來。14．MaybeIcould______________afewoftheiractivities，butIbelievetheseactivitiesareimportantformychildrensfuture.或許我可以舍棄(放棄)他們的幾個活動，但是我相信這些活動對我孩子們的未來是重要的。15．Doctorssay_____________pressureisnt__________achildsdevelopment.醫(yī)生們說太多的壓力不利于一個孩子的發(fā)展。,angrywith,bigdeal,workout,cutout,toomuch,goodfor,※提出禮貌的請求和請求允許(Makepoliterequestsandaskforpermission)1．—Peter，couldyoupleasetakeouttherubbish?—Sure/Certainly/Ofcourse/Yes，Mom.2．—CouldIuseyourcomputer?—Sorry./Sorry，youcant.Imgoingtoworkonitnow.※談論問題(talkaboutproblems)—Youlooktired.Whatsthematter/Whatswrong?—IstudieduntilmidnightsoIdidntgetenoughsleep.,※給出建議(Giveadvice)1．—WhatshouldIdo?—Whydontyouforgetaboutit?Althoughsheswrong，itsnotabigdeal.2．—Whatshouldhedo?—Heshouldtalktohisfriendsothathecansayhessorry.3．—Maybeyoucouldgotohishouse.—IguessIcould，butIdontwanttosurprisehim.,1．could表禮貌請求和允許(見本書P187)2．連詞(until，sothat和although)(見本書P177),1．—Youlookunhappy，John.____?—Well，Ifoundmymotherlookingthroughmymobilephoneyesterday.(2015，山西29題)A．YouwanttorestB．WhatswrongC．Howdoyoudo2．—_____?—Sorry.ThereisnoonenamedGary.Youmusthavethewrongnumber.(2014，山西28題)A．CanIhelpyouB．WhatsthematterC．IsthatGaryspeaking,B,C,3．AstudentinFudanUniversitywaskilledbyhisroommatejustbecauseofsmallthingsindailylife.Itisimportantforstudentstolearnhowto______eachother.(2013，山西18題)A．getonwithB．comeovertoC．stayawayfrom4．Nobodybelievesa90yearoldcouldrunamarathon____shepassedthefinishingline.Peopleofallagescanchallengethemselves.(2012，山西22題)A．ifB．sinceC．until,A,C,?compare【典例在線】Ifyoucomparethetwobooks，youwillfindthatthisoneisbetter.如果你比較一下這兩本書，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)這一本更好。Compareyouranswerswiththose，youwillseeiftheyareright.把你的答案與那些對照一下，你就會知道它們是否正確。Shakespearecomparedtheworldtoastage.莎士比亞把世界比作一個舞臺。【拓展精析】compare作及物動詞，意為“比較”，compare...with...“把……與……作比較”，常用于同類比較。而compare...to...“把……比作……”，常用于異類比較、比喻。,【活學活用】1)Teachersareoften_____burningcandles.A．comparedtoB．comparedwithC．comparedfrom,A,?inorderto【典例在線】Inordertogetacompletepicture，furtherinformationisneeded.為了掌握全面情況，還需要詳細資料。【拓展精析】inorderto意為“目的是；為了”，比單純的todo更強調“目的”，可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。其否定形式為inordernottodo?！净顚W活用】2)ManypeoplegivemoneytoProjectHope______helpthepoorchildrentogotoschool.A．a(chǎn)ssoonasB．sothatC．inorderto,C,?while【典例在線】Iwastakingabathwhilemymotherwaspreparingdinner.我媽媽準備晚餐的時候，我正在洗澡。TomwaswatchingTVwhile(hewas)eating.湯姆邊吃東西邊看電視?！就卣咕觥縲hile作從屬連詞，意為“當……的時候；在……期間”，引導時間狀語從句，其謂語動詞必須為延續(xù)性動詞。它強調主句的動作在從句動作的過程中發(fā)生，或者主句的動作與從句的動作同時發(fā)生，且持續(xù)時間一般較長。當while所引導的從句與主句的主語相同，且該從句的動詞為be動詞時，從句的主語和be動詞有時可以省略。,【活學活用】3)________thechildrenhavefun，parentscantakedancinglessonsonthebeach.A．ThoughB．IfC．WhileD．Once4)BobtookaphotoofhisgirlfriendwhilesheBattheparty.(2015，資陽)A．dancesB．wasdancingC．hasdancedD．isdancing,C,?mind【典例在線】DoyoumindifIopenthewindow？如果我打開窗戶，你會介意嗎？—Wouldyoumindparkingyourcarthere？你介意把車停到那邊嗎？—Notatall.不介意。【拓展精析】mind動詞，意為“介意；在乎”，后常接從句或動名詞作賓語，不能接動詞不定式。Wouldyoumind...？是交際用語中表示“請求”的常用句型，意為“你介意……嗎？”其肯定回答(即不介意對方做某事)常用：Notatall./Certainlynot./Ofcoursenot.等。否定回答(即介意對方做某事)常用：Imsorry，but.../Imafraidyoucant./Yes，youdbetternot.等。,【活學活用】5)—Itstoocoldtoday.Wouldyoumind_____thewindow？(2015，安順)—Certainlynot.Goahead.A．tocloseB．closingC．close6)—Wouldyoumindworkinginthecountryside?—A.Iwillbegladtoworkthere.(2015，重慶)A．OfcoursenotB．ImafraidsoC．Youdbetternot,B,?allow【典例在線】Whoallowedyoutoleavethecamp？誰允許你離開營地的？Theyallowedsmokinginthisroomonly.他們只允許在這個房間里抽煙。Youarenotallowedtosmokehere.這里不允許吸煙?！就卣咕觥縜llow動詞，意為“允許；準許”。allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事allowdoingsth.允許做某事beallowedtodosth.被允許做某事,【活學活用】7)Myparentsdidntallowme_____totheparty.(2015，天津)A．goB．togoC．goesD．went8)Inourschool，boysarenot_________(allow)tohavelonghair.,B,allowed,?assoonas【典例在線】Thebabybegantocryassoonasshesawhermother.那個嬰兒一看見她媽媽就開始哭。Wellgotoplaybasketballassoonastherainstopstomorrow.明天雨一停我們就出去打籃球?！就卣咕觥縜ssoonas意為“一……就……”，引導時間狀語從句。在使用時，要注意主、從句時態(tài)一致。當主句是一般將來時或過去時時，從句應使用對應的一般現(xiàn)在時或過去時。,【活學活用】9)—WouldyoupleasegivethisnewlypublishednoveltoJack？(2015，泰安)—Certainly，_______hecomesback.A．beforeB．a(chǎn)ssoonasC．untilD．unless,B,?Foroneweek，shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidI．有一個星期，她沒做任何家務，我也沒做?！镜淅诰€】Shedoesntliketea.NeitherdoI．她不喜歡茶，我也不喜歡。Shecannotswimandneithercanhersister.她不會游泳，她的妹妹也不會?！猅heywillplaysoccertomorrow.他們明天去踢足球?！猄owillwe.我們也去?！猄heknowslittleEnglish.她英語懂得不多?！猄oshedoes.她的確如此。,【拓展精析】neither作副詞，意為“也不”。NeitherdidI．是一個倒裝句。“neither＋助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞＋主語”，表示前面敘述的否定情況也適合另一個人或物?！癝o＋助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞＋主語”表示與上述的肯定情況相同?！癝o＋主語＋助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞”表示強調，即對前面所說的情況加以肯定。【活學活用】1)—Ithinkyouaredifferentnow.(2016，攀枝花)—Ofcourse，timeshavechangedand______．A．sohaveIB．soIhaveC．neitherhaveID．neitherIhave,A,?Theearlierkidslearntobeindependent，thebetteritisfortheirfuture.孩子們越早學會獨立，對他們的未來就越好。【典例在線】Themoreyoueat，thefatteryouwillbe.吃得越多，你就越胖。Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.我們的國家正變得越來越美麗?！就卣咕觥俊皌he＋比較級，the＋比較級”意思是“越……，就越……”?！氨容^級＋and＋比較級”意思是“越來越……”。,【活學活用】2)—“FoodSafety”problemisbecoming_____thesedays.—Ithinkso.Thegovernmentmustdosomethingtodealwithit.(2016，濱州)A．smallerandsmallerB．worseandworseC．betterandbetterD．nicerandnicer3)—Royneverlikesjunkfood.—NeitherdoI．ThatsprobablywhyImbecoming_____now.(2016，達州)A．healthyandweakB．healthierandhealthierC．weakerandweakerD．moreandmorehealthily,B,B,?Whydontyoutalktoyourparents？你為什么不和你的父母談談呢？【典例在線】Whydontyoubuyasuitforyourhusband？你為什么不給你丈夫買一套西服呢？WhynotlearnsomeChinesepopsongs？為什么不學一些中國的流行歌曲呢？What/Howaboutgoingforawalk？去散步怎么樣？,【拓展精析】Whydontyoudosth.？＝Whynotdosth.？是提建議的一種表達方式。類似的表達方式還有：What/Howaboutdoingsth.?Shallwedosth.?Letsdosth..Youdbetterdosth..其肯定答語為“Goodidea！/OK./Wonderful！/Great！/Soundsgood！”等；其否定答語為“Sorry，but...”等。,【活學活用】4)—Itssohottoday.Why_______goswimming?—Soundsgreat!A．notB．dontC．doyouD．notyou5)—Look！Itsrainingheavily！______takearaincoatwithyou?—Well，Illtakeonerightnow.(2014，阜康)A．WhynotB．WhydontC．WouldyoumindD．Wouldyoulike6)—ItsagoodchancetogotoShanghai._______yougiveitup?—Well，Illcatchit.A．WhydontB．WhynotC．WouldyoulikeD．Wouldyoumind,A,A,A,?borrow，lend與keep【典例在線】IborrowedabookfromJackyesterday.昨天我從杰克那里借了一本書。Jacklentmeabookyesterday./Jacklentabooktomeyesterday.昨天杰克借給我一本書。HowlongcanIkeepthebook？這本書我可以借用多長時間？,【拓展精析】borrow指“借入”或“借他人的東西供自己使用”。固定短語borrowsth.fromsb.意為“向某人借某物”。lend指“(把自己的東西)借出”。固定短語lendsb.sth.或lendsth.tosb.意為“借給某人某物”。keep意為“保存；保留”，可引申為“借用”，此時常與一段時間或howlong等連用。,【活學活用】1)—Jim，canI__________yourcar?—Sorry，I__________ittoStevenjustnow.—Howlongwillhe_________it?—Twodays.2)Tobuyhouse，he_____muchmoneyfromhisrelativesandfriends.A．keptB．boughtC．borrowed,borrow,lent,keep,C,?provide與offer【典例在線】Theyprovidedthechildrenwithgoodfoodandclothing.他們給孩子們提供了健康的食物和優(yōu)質的衣服。Themanageroffersajobtomeinhiscompany.那個經(jīng)理在他的公司里給我提供了一份工作。,【拓展精析】,①,②,【活學活用】3)Thatcompany____________(提供)uswith3，000dollarsin2015.4)Parentsoften_____theirchildrensomegoodadvice.(2014，蘭州)A．offer；withB．offer；/C．provide；withD．bothBandC,provided,D,?instead，insteadof與ratherthan【典例在線】LastsummerIwenttoQingdao.ThissummerImgoingtoDalianinstead.去年夏天我去了青島。今年夏天我將改去大連。Weshoulddosomethinginsteadofjusttalkingaboutit.＝Weshoulddosomethingratherthanjusttalkaboutit.我們不應該只是談論，而應該做點什么。【拓展精析】instead作副詞，意為“代替；而不是”，常位于句首或句末。insteadof和ratherthan都可以表示“而不是”，常位于句中，兩者都可接名詞、代詞等作賓語。其后接動詞時，insteadof后接v.ing而ratherthan后常接動詞原形。,【活學活用】5)Ifyourebusy，youmaycomeanotherday__________．6)Hewouldplaycomputergames______________dohishomework.7)Youshouldtryyourbesttofinishit______________givingup.,instead,ratherthan,insteadof,