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考點(diǎn)26 并列句和狀語從句 高考頻度：★★★★★ 考向一 并列句 一、并列連詞 1.表示并列關(guān)系的連詞： and: 可用來連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單詞/短語或句子，表示一種順接的關(guān)系。 We are singing and they are dancing. or：用于否定句中連接并列成分，表示＂和，與＂； 用于＂祈使句+or+陳述句＂中，意為＂否則，要不然＂。 The baby is too young. He can’t speak or walk. both…and：＂兩個(gè)都……＂，連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 Both Li Ping and Mary are going to the Great Wall tomorrow. either…or…：＂要么……要么＂，連接的并列成分可在句中作主語、表語、賓語等。連接并列成分作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞通常與or后的部分保持一致。 Either she or I am right. neither…nor: ＂既不……也不……＂，連接的并列成分可在句中作主語、表語、賓語等。連接并列成分作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞通常與nor后的部分保持一致。 Neither he nor I am right. not only…but also: ＂不僅……而且……＂，強(qiáng)調(diào)后者；引導(dǎo)并列主語時(shí)，謂語動詞與后面的主語保持一致。 Not only the students but also the teacher gives the money to our school. 2. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞 but ＂但是＂，所連接的成分意思相反或相對。 Our school is small but beautiful. while ＂然而，可是＂，表對比。 He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home. yet ＂但是，然而＂，用于轉(zhuǎn)折。 I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我失敗了，但我還要嘗試。 3. 表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞 for： so： 4. 其他常用并列連詞 when：＂就在那時(shí)＂，常用句型： be about to do…when… be going to do…when… be doing…when… ?I was about to leave when the telephone rang. 二、并列句 并列句由兩個(gè)或者兩個(gè)以上獨(dú)立分句并列在一起構(gòu)成， 起基本結(jié)構(gòu)是 分句加并列連詞加分句。 在并列句中， 除了使用并列連詞以外還可以使用并列連詞詞組， 或者連接副詞來連接分句，有時(shí)甚至不用并列連詞， 只用逗號. 分號. 冒號等把分句隔開。 常用的并列連詞有：and , but , or, for, so , neither, nor … 并列連詞詞組有：either…or, neither…nor, both…and, as well as, not only…but also… 連接副詞有：besides, furthermore, moreover … 1. 表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系 常用and , neither…nor, not only…but also 等連詞 There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down. I can neither write songs nor play the guitar. 2. 表示選擇關(guān)系 常用or, either …or 等連詞 We cook a dinner together, or we go for a long walk. …either one of his daughters replaces him as a prisoner in the castle, or he will die. … 3. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折和對比關(guān)系 常用yet， but， however， while 等 but表示完全轉(zhuǎn)折， 語氣較強(qiáng)。 while主要表示對比。 however在使用時(shí)必須用逗號把它和句子其他成分隔開。 yet既可以用作并列連詞也可以用作連接副詞。 Some sports are done indoors, while others are done outdoors. They wanted to charge ﹩5,000 for the car, but we managed to bring the price down. In some places women are expected to earn money while men work at home and raise their children. One can not see wind, however, it does exist. I’d like to go with you ; however , my hands are full. The essay is good; it could be improved ,however. He worked hard, yet he failed .(并列連詞) It is strange, and yet it is true. (連接副詞) 4. 表示因果關(guān)系 常用so， for，therefore等連接詞 I didn’t get enough sleep so I didn’t feel very well this morning. It was raining, therefore we had to stay at home. He found it increasingly difficult to read , for his eyesight was brginning to fail. 5. 表示條件或者結(jié)果 常用and或者or等連詞 Simply raise your hand , and a taxi appears in no time. Don’t drive too fast or you will have an accident . Stand over there and you will see the oil painting better. You have to move out of the way or the truck can’t get past. 6. 表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系 常用besides， furthermore，moreover等連接副詞。 Television is entertaining; besides/furthermore/moreover, it is instructive. 注意： 1.包含并列連詞的特殊句式。 (1)祈使句，and/or＋主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。 (2)名詞短語，and＋主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。 (3).be about to...when...正要……這時(shí)突然…… Climb to the top of the mountain，and youll get a good view of the city. Hurry up，or youll be late. Another five minutes，and Ill finish the composition. A few minutes and they went away. He was about to go out when it began to rain heavily. 2.however，but，while的用法比較。 however另起新句,有逗號與句子隔開。but不需另起新句。while既表示對比，又表轉(zhuǎn)折。 He was ill，but he still kept on working. What she said sounded reasonable，Mr. Green，however，didnt believe her. 她說得有道理，然而，格林先生就是不信她。 There is plenty of rain in the south while there is little rain in the north. 南方多雨而北方少雨。 3.(1) so不能與because連用。 (2)but，while不與although連用，但yet，still可與although連用 1.（2018新課標(biāo)I卷短文改錯(cuò)）At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed. 【參考答案】but改為and 2.（2017新課標(biāo)I卷短文改錯(cuò)） Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes（改為went） blank, I forgot what he had said to me altogether. 【參考答案】so改為but/yet 【答案解析】考查連詞。根據(jù)句意可知作者本以為自己已經(jīng)掌握了教練的話，結(jié)果一發(fā)動車，腦中一片空白，前后文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故將so改為but或yet。 3. （2017新課標(biāo)III卷短文改錯(cuò)）I had（改為have） grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. 【參考答案】and改為but 【答案解析】考查連詞。固定短語not only…but also…意為＂不但……而且……＂。 4. (2017北京卷單項(xiàng)填空)—Peter, please send us postcards ________ well know where you have visited. —No problem. A. but B. or C. for D. so 【參考答案】D 5.(2016北京卷單項(xiàng)填空) I am not afraid of tomorrow, ________ I have seen yesterday and I love today. A. so B. and C. for D. but 【參考答案】C 【答案解析】考查并列連詞。句意：我不害怕明天，因?yàn)槲乙呀?jīng)經(jīng)歷了昨天并且深愛著今天。so后跟結(jié)果；and表并列關(guān)系；for補(bǔ)充說明原因；but表轉(zhuǎn)折。故選C。 考向二 狀語從句 定義 在復(fù)合句中擔(dān)任狀語成分的從句稱為狀語從句。按其意義可分為時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，條件，讓步，結(jié)果，目的，方式，比較狀語從句等。狀語從句可放在主句的前后，一般用逗號隔開。狀語從句常由引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）引導(dǎo)。 分類 地點(diǎn)狀語從句 地點(diǎn)狀語從句通常由where, wherever 引導(dǎo)。 方式狀語從句 as, (just) as…so…引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時(shí)as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是＂正如……＂，＂就像＂，多用于正式文體。 as if, as though兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實(shí)相反，有時(shí)也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作＂仿佛……似的＂，＂好像……似的＂。 原因狀語從句 because, since, as和for （1）because語勢最強(qiáng)，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。 （2）由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗號，則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。 目的狀語從句 表示目的狀語的從句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等詞引導(dǎo)。 分類 結(jié)果狀語從句 結(jié)果狀語從句常由so… that 或 such…that引導(dǎo)，掌握這兩個(gè)句型，首先要了解so和such與其后的詞的搭配規(guī)律。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。 so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many, few, much, little連用，形成固定搭配。 注意： ① so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當(dāng)于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。 ② so…that與 such…that之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為 so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。 條件狀語從句 連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引導(dǎo)的條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句兩種。非真實(shí)條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述。 注意：unless = if not.　 讓步狀語從句 連接詞though, although，后面的從句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。 比較狀語從句 引導(dǎo)詞及用法：（not） so / as … as, than, the +比較級…… the +比較級……, except/excepting that...（除了……）。 時(shí)間狀語從句 連接詞：when/while/as,till/until,since,before/after, once /as soon as/the moment/the minute/the instant/immediately/ directly/instantly, /no sooner…than /hardly（scarcely,rarely）…when ,the first（second…）last/next/every /each /by the time等 分類 時(shí)間狀語從句 when/while/as 都表示＂當(dāng)……的時(shí)候＂，但when側(cè)重某一時(shí)刻的動作或狀態(tài)，while側(cè)重某一持續(xù)時(shí)間段的動作或狀態(tài)，as側(cè)重緊接著發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)＂同一時(shí)間，一先一后，一邊……一邊……＂。 when的其他用法及意義： （1）＂突然，正在此時(shí)＂，常構(gòu)成以下結(jié)構(gòu)： be（was/were）+ doing sth/about to do sth/on the point of doing sth/to do sth/on one’s way to...+when（vt-ed）... /had done…+when（vt-ed）.. （2）＂既然/如果＂ until/till 二者意義相同，until 比till正式，句首只能用until。 肯定句且謂語動詞為延續(xù)性動詞時(shí)表示＂直到……為止＂；否定句且謂語動詞為終止性動詞時(shí)表示＂直到……才……＂，常構(gòu)成＂not...until...=before... 但not until放在句首時(shí)，主句應(yīng)該半倒裝（倒主不倒從）。 分類 時(shí)間狀語從句 since prep＂自從……以來＂主句（一般/現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）+since+時(shí)間點(diǎn) adv. ＂從那以后＂ since then/ever since 強(qiáng)調(diào)某一動作或狀態(tài)的一直，它所修辭的主句謂語動詞須為延續(xù)性動詞。 conj. 主句（一般/現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）+since從句（vt-ed） （1）主句謂語動詞為非延續(xù)性動詞時(shí)，必須強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的多次。 Great changes have taken place since I left this city.（take place 為終止性動詞，故譯為＂自從我離開這城市，發(fā)生了很多變化＂） （2）從句謂語動詞為非延續(xù)性動詞時(shí)，則從句的動作表示延續(xù)多長時(shí)間了，按正常語序翻譯。 （3）若從句謂語動詞為延續(xù)性動詞時(shí)，則從句的動作表示已結(jié)束多長時(shí)間了。 （4）it is /was/has been+一段時(shí)間+since（vt-ed）... ＂自從……有多長時(shí)間了＂ before ＂在……之前；還沒（來得及…….就；趁著還沒……＂ 【固定用法】 ① it was（not）/had done＋一段時(shí)間＋before（vt-ed）…＂還要過多久才……（不多久就……了）＂ 分類 時(shí)間狀語從句 ② it will（not）be＋一段時(shí)間＋before（一般式）… ＂還要過多久才……（不多久就……了）＂ ③ there is +一段時(shí)間+to go（=left）＋before（一般式）... ＂在……之前＂ ④ long before ＂不久前＂, 用于一般過去時(shí)和完成時(shí)中；before long = soon/not long after ＂不久后＂,用于一般將來時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)中。 其他 once（一旦/曾經(jīng)，常放在句首）/as soon as/the moment /the minute/the instant/immediately/ directly/instantly, /hardly（scarcely,rarely）…when/no sooner…than （一……就……）； hardly/ scarcely/ rarely/ no sooner置于句首須半倒裝，構(gòu)成hardlyscarcely,rarely/no sooner+had +s+done...when/than）. the first（second…）time/last（next）time/every（each）time/by the time（常與完成時(shí)連用） 1.Its much easier to make friends ________ you have similar interests. A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that 【參考答案】B 2.I took my driving license with me on holiday, ________ I wanted to hire a car. A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only 【參考答案】A 【答案解析】考查狀語從句的連接詞。帶駕照的目的是便于租車，所以選A。in case以防、以免或以便于。even if即使，用于讓步狀語從句；ever since自從，一般引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句；if only倘若，用于條件句，使用虛擬語氣。 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) I.根據(jù)語境在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B詞 1. I have long been interested in space exploration ________I believe I could learn a great deal from him about it. 2.Oliver is not the right sort of person for the job，________Ill pay him off. 3.I believed her—________surely she would not lie to me. 4. And why are some people happy and successful________others arent? 5. Its not doing the things we like，________liking the things we have to do that makes life happy. 6.The children must have got lost in the woods；________，they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled. II.根據(jù)語境在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)臓钫Z從句的連詞 1. I will be grateful ________ you could give me a kind consideration. 2. ________I showed my answer to him，the teacher praised me for my independent thinking. 3.________cleaning street is no more than an ordinary job，it contributes to the society. 4.Good opinions are worth sticking to ________they can benefit us all. 5.Leave your key with a neighbor ________you lock yourself out one day. 6.It took nearly two hundred years ________I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. 題組二 能力提升 I.單項(xiàng)填空 1. Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, __________ plants can spread to new places. A. so B. or C. for D. but 2.Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery ________ another man, also intelligent, fails. A. since B．if C. as D. while 3. I was glad to meet Jenny again, ________ I didnt want to spend all day with her. A. but B. and C．so D．or 4. I think we’d better keep to the subject, ______ we’ll waste our time． A. and B. or C. but D. so 5.—Glad to see you, Kate. —Oh, my God. It’s been 20 years _______ we last saw each other. A. when B. before C. after D. since 6.—What a terrible accident! —Yes. It happened _______ he four roads meet. A. where B. that C. when D.as 7. _______ the students found the soldier’s idea interesting, the system for the blind was too difficult to be of practical use. A.As B. Since C. While D. When 8.China’s economy is sure to develop very quickly _______ the new government is able to work scientifically and practically. A. even though B.in case C.as though D.in that 9.–I’m totally confused about why she steals things_______ she can easily afford to buy them. A. if B. when C. while D. because 10._________be late again, he came to school by taxi this morning. A. In order to B. So as to C. In order not to D. So as not to II.語篇填空(用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空) Gandhi was honored as the father of the Indian nation, __1__he has been respected by the Indians with the belief that he is an Indian national hero. He was born in India in 1869.As is recorded，he did not get married __2__13 years old, following the local custom. In 1888 he sailed to England, __3__studying law for three years and became a lawyer.__4__he returned to India, he was sent to South Africa to work on a law case. In South Africa he was surprised to find that the problem of racial discrimination was serious.__5__，he formed an organization __6__this was how he started to fight for equal rights. Gandhi returned to India in 1915, __7__India was controlled by the British. He led the Indians to fight for an end to the British rule and independence for his country.__8__in the political movement many Indians including Gandhi were put in prison __9__it was still not sure whether they could gain independence，the struggles never stopped. The British government had to give in __10__India won its independence in 1947.Unfortunately Gandhi was shot by an Indian who opposed his views and died on January 30th, 1948. 題組三體驗(yàn)真題 1.（2017天津）I ___________ down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. A. was driving B. have driven C. would drive D. drove 2.(2015北京)He is a shy man, ___________ he is not afraid of anything or anyone. A.so B. but C. or D. as 3.(2014北京) Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ______ plants can spread to new places. A. so B. or C. for D. but 4. (2013新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ)I was glad to meet Jenny again, ________ I didnt want to spend all day with her. A. but B. and C. so D. or 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) I.根據(jù)語境在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B詞 1.and 2.so 3.for 4.while 5.but 6.otherwise II.根據(jù)語境在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)臓钫Z從句的連詞 1.if 2.When 3.Although 4.because 5.in case 6.before 題組二 能力提升 I.單項(xiàng)填空 1.A 【解析】考查并列句。句意：一些動物帶著種子到處走，所以植物就會擴(kuò)展到新的地方。本題前半部分講＂有些動物把種子從一個(gè)地方帶到另外一個(gè)地方＂，所以導(dǎo)致＂植物傳播＂，表示因果關(guān)系的并列句。所以選A。 3.A 【解析】考查連詞。句意：我很高興又遇見了珍妮， 不過我不想花整天的時(shí)間和她在一起。后面句子中的didnt表示否定，由此可知這里是轉(zhuǎn)折的意思。故選A。 4. B 【解析】考查連詞的用法。句意：我覺得我們最好是繼續(xù)這一科目。否則會浪費(fèi)我們的時(shí)間。and表并列關(guān)系；or表示選擇；but表示轉(zhuǎn)折；so表示因果。本題旨在說明要么繼續(xù)這一科目，要么浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，二者擇一。故答案為B。 5.D 【解析】考查連詞。句意：——凱特，很高興見到你?！彀?！自從我們上次相見已經(jīng)20年了。A. when＂當(dāng)……時(shí)候＂；B. before＂在……之前＂；C. after＂在……之后＂；D. since＂自從＂。Since引起時(shí)間狀語從句，從句的時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去時(shí)，而主句中用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選D。 6.A 【解析】考查地點(diǎn)狀語從句。句意：——多么可怕的事故！——是啊。它發(fā)生在四條路的交匯處。根據(jù)句意可知此處應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句，故選A。 7.C 【解析】考查連詞。as＂正如，因?yàn)椋?；since＂自從，既然＂；while＂當(dāng)……時(shí)候，盡管＂；when＂當(dāng)……時(shí)候＂。結(jié)合該句兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)表示的意思可知，該空應(yīng)表示讓步＂盡管……＂。句意：盡管學(xué)生們覺得這位士兵的觀點(diǎn)很有趣，但供盲人使用的這個(gè)系統(tǒng)太難以致沒有實(shí)用價(jià)值＂。故選C項(xiàng)。 8.D 【解析】考查狀語從句。A. even though即使，盡管；B. in case 以防，萬一；C. as though好像；D. in that因?yàn)?。句意：中國的?jīng)濟(jì)一定會發(fā)展非?？焖?，因?yàn)樾碌恼軌蚩茖W(xué)地、實(shí)事求是地工作。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選D。 10.C 【解析】考查目的狀語從句。句意為：為了不再遲到，今天早晨他是打車來學(xué)校的。根據(jù)句意排除A、B兩項(xiàng)，而so as not to不用于句首，故C項(xiàng)正確。 II.語篇填空(用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空) 1.and 2.until 3.after 4.When/As soon as 5.Therefore 6.and 7.when 8.Although/Though 9.and 10.and 題組三體驗(yàn)真題 1.A 【解析】根據(jù)固定句型：was/ were doing sth + when…(正在做某事，就在這時(shí)突然)可知選A。此處when是并列連詞。 2.B 【解析】句意：他是一個(gè)害羞的人，但是他并不害怕任何事和任何人。A. so因此；B. but但是；C. or或者；D. as作為。根據(jù)句意，前后句表示轉(zhuǎn)折，因此選擇but。 3.A 【解析】考查并列句。句意：一些動物帶著種子到處走，所以植物就會擴(kuò)展到新的地方。本題前半部分講＂有些動物把種子從一個(gè)地方帶到另外一個(gè)地方＂，所以導(dǎo)致＂植物傳播＂，表示因果關(guān)系的并列句。所以選A。 4.A 【解析】考查連詞。句意：我很高興又遇見了珍妮， 不過我不想花整天的時(shí)間和她在一起。后面句子中的didnt表示否定，由此可知這里是轉(zhuǎn)折的意思。