2018年高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)精講二(介詞、形容詞、副詞)
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..2018 年高考英語介詞精講一.概念: 介詞表示它后面的名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他結(jié)構(gòu)與句中其他成分的關(guān)系. 二.介詞的分類1. 表示時間的介詞:about, around, before, by, at, after, in, on, around, between, during, for, from, since, till, until, within2. 表示地點(diǎn)的介詞:about, at, in, on, over, through, across, along, around, before, between, beyond, down, up, to, toward, under, near3. 表示方式的介詞:by bus 乘公共汽車;see with one's own eyes 親眼看 ...... write in ink 用墨水寫...on foot 步行,徒步;He looked at me without expression. 他毫無表情地看著我。4. 表示原因的介詞:He was punished for stealing. 他因偷竊而被懲罰。suffer from a cold 患傷風(fēng) be ashamed of 因……而感到羞愧 shake with cold 因寒冷而發(fā)抖5. 表示關(guān)于的介詞:What is the book about? 這本書是關(guān)于什么內(nèi)容的?(about 關(guān)于一般情況)I heard him talk on Chinese medicine last night. 昨晚我聽到他講中國醫(yī)學(xué)。 (on 關(guān)于理論、學(xué)術(shù)) ;a long story of adventure 一個長篇冒險故事6. 表示比較的介詞:His face is as black as coal. 他的臉跟煤炭一樣黑.He saw a number of small hard things like stones. 他看見一些像石頭一樣的小小的堅(jiān)硬的東西。7.表示除外的介詞:He works every day but Sunday. 除星期天外,他每天都工作。We all went except Tom. 除湯姆外,我們都去了。The letter is good except for the spelling. 這封信除了拼寫錯誤之外,還算是很通順的。Besides English, he studies German and French. 除英語外,他還學(xué)習(xí)德語和法語。 (besides 中文譯成“除……外”,實(shí)則表示包含在內(nèi)。 )8. 表示條件的介詞:With your help, we might finish the work earlier. 有你的幫助,我們可能早點(diǎn)做完這工作。Man cannot live without water. 如果沒有水人就不能活。9. 表示結(jié)果的介詞: She tore the letter to pieces. 她把信撕個粉碎。10.表示對于的介詞: Sea air is good for the health. 海上的空氣對健康有好處。To her it was all unusual. 這一切對她都很不平常三.常見介詞的用法:1. 表示年、月、日、時刻等用 at, on, ina) at 用于表示時刻、時間的某一點(diǎn):at nine (o'clock) 在九點(diǎn) at dawn 拂曉時at noon 正午時 at present 目前b) 指具體的某一天時,一律用 on 但特指某日的上午(下午/ 晚上)時用 on:on Monday on June 6 on a cold night on the night of July 1st on the morning of on Sunday morning on Christmas Eve on New Year's Day c) in 用于表示周、月、季節(jié)、年,泛指的上午、下午、晚上:in the first week in spring in 2010 in September in the morning 2 .表示期間等用 for, during, through/throughouta) for 引導(dǎo)一段時間,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的延續(xù):We will stay in the city for two days. 我們要在那里呆兩天。He has lived here for a long time. 他在這兒已經(jīng)住了很久了。..b) during 意為“ 在…… (期間)內(nèi)”的行為或狀態(tài)。during the spring, during last year, during 1980 ,during my childhood, during the lesson, during his visit。c) through/throughout 表示“一直……”,強(qiáng)調(diào)貫穿始終:They played the cards throughout the night. 他們打了一整夜的牌。3.表示期限等用 before, by, until/till, (from...) to, within, ina) before 與 bybefore 指 “在……之前 ” :Please come before ten o'clock. 請 10 點(diǎn)以前來。by 指“ 在……前(時間) ;截至(到)……”: How many English books had you read by the end of last year? 到去年年底以前你看過多少本英文書?表示“在 ……以前” 時, before 與 by 基本可通用。但 by 還有“截至……為止” 之意:How many models have you made by the end of last month? 截至上月底你做了多少個模型?b) until/till 與 tountil/till 指“直到……為止”,until 和 till 可以通用:until/till seven o'clock 直到 7 點(diǎn)由 until/till 形成的句子,句中的動詞如果是短暫性動詞,則必須用否定句:I'll wait for him until he comes here. 我將在這兒一直等到他來。 (wait 是延續(xù)動詞,用肯定式)We didn't begin to watch TV until/till nine o'clock. 一直到九點(diǎn),我們才開始看電視。 (begin 是短暫性動詞,所以用否定式)till/until 常用于"from...till/until"結(jié)構(gòu)中,表示“一個動作的終結(jié)” ;to 常用在"from...to"的結(jié)構(gòu)中,用來表示“一個階段的終結(jié)”。兩者在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中意義十分接近:He studies from morning till/until night everyday. 他每天從早到晚學(xué)習(xí)。The Americans stayed here from June to September. 這些美國人從六月到九月都呆在這里。c) within 與 inwithin 和 in 后都必須跟時間段。within 強(qiáng)調(diào)“在……時間之內(nèi)” ,沒有時態(tài)的限制;in 是以現(xiàn)在為基準(zhǔn),...之后,所以一般用于將來時:He will be back in five hours. 他五小時之后回來。They worked hard. They finished the work within 2 days at last. 他們努力工作,結(jié)果終于他們在兩天之內(nèi)完成了這項(xiàng)工作。4. 表示時間的起點(diǎn)等用 from, sincea) from 表示“從……開始”時,常用詞組"from...to..." :The meeting will be held from eight to ten. 這個會議將從 8 點(diǎn)開到 10 點(diǎn)。而單純表示確切的從幾點(diǎn)開始時可用 at:The exam will start from/at 9:00 am. 考試將從上午九點(diǎn)開始。b) since 指“自從……以來”,表示從以前某時一直到現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù),通常用于完成時:I have been sick since yesterday. 我從昨天就病了。 (一直到現(xiàn)在)We have been missing them since they left here. 自從他們離開這里,我們就一直很想念他們。5.表示超越 beyond beyond words 無法用語言表達(dá)四.介詞的其他用法:1. at, in, onat 一般指小地方;in 一般指大地方或某個范圍之內(nèi); on 往往表示“ 在某個物體的表面”。例如:He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. 他昨天到上海。They arrived at a small village before dark. 他們在天黑前到達(dá)一個小村莊。 There is a big hole in the wall. 墻上有個大洞。The teacher hung a picture on the wall. 老師把一幅畫掛在墻上。2. over, above, onover, on 和 above 都可表示“在……上面”,但具體含義不同。Over 表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反義詞是 under。above 也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反義詞是 below。On 指兩個物體..表面接觸,一個在另一的上面。例如:There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座橋。We flew above the clouds. 我們飛越云層。They put some flowers on the teacher's desk. 他們把一些花放在講桌上。3. across, throughacross 和 through 均可表示“ 從這一邊到另一邊” ,但用法不同。Across 的含義與 on 有關(guān),表示動作在某一物體的表面進(jìn)行。Through 的含義與 in 有關(guān),表示動作是在三維空間進(jìn)行。例如:The dog ran across the grass. 狗跑過草地。 The boy swam across the river. 那男孩游過河。They walked through the forest. 他們穿過森林。 I pushed through the crowds. 我擠過人群。4. in front of, in the front ofin front of 表示“ 在某人或某物的前面 ”,在某個范圍以外;in the front of 表示“在……的前部”,在某個范圍以內(nèi)。例如:There are some tall trees in front of the building. 大樓前有一些高大的樹。The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom. 老師坐在教室前面。5. among, between兩者都含有“ 在……中間 ”的意思。 一般說法是:among 用于“三者或三者以上之間”,而 between 則用于“兩者之間”。例如:I bought three hundred eggs and there was not a single bad one among them. 我買了三百雞蛋,里面一個壞的也沒有。What's the difference between Asian elephants and African elephants? 亞洲象與非洲象有什么不同?不過這個定義過于簡單。Oxford 上對于兩者的解釋是: "Among" is used of people or things considered as a group. "Between" is used of people or things, either two in number or more than two considered individually.1) among 除了表示多于兩者之間的關(guān)系外,更重要是它表達(dá)了“在其中”的意思。究竟是多少人或事并不重要,因?yàn)樗麄?它們已經(jīng)被視為一體。例如:He stood among the crowd. 他站在人群中。 2) Between 可用于 “三者或三者以上之間”,指每個人或物與別的每個人或物分別發(fā)生聯(lián)系,例如:A treaty was signed between Great Britain, France and the United States. 英國同法國、美國分別有協(xié)定。Ecuador lies between Columbia, Peru, and the Pacific Ocean. 厄瓜多爾位于哥倫比亞、秘魯和太平洋之高考中常見含有介詞的短語About be curious about sth.對某事物感到好奇的 be about to do…when(正要做……突然……);常與 when連用 bring about 引起,使發(fā)生 set about 著手,開始做 come about 發(fā)生,偶然 hear about 聽說,聽到有關(guān)……care about 關(guān)心 think about 思考 After after all 畢竟,終究 soon after 不久以后Away throw away 丟掉 blow away 吹走 take/carry away 拿走 clear away 清除掉 pass away 去世 wash away 沖走 put away 收拾好 give away 泄漏,贈送 wear away 消磨掉 break away 擺脫 sent away 送走 turn away 打發(fā)走against warn sb. against doing sth. 警告某人不要干某事 against one’s opinion 反對某人的見解 Back keep back 隱瞞,忍住 hold back 控制住 call back 回電話 look back 回頭看 give back 回來 take back 收回between between classes 課間beyond beyond one’s wildest dreams “大大超出某人的預(yù)料”beyond reach 無法到達(dá) beyond the reach 超出……范圍 beyond repair 無法修理 beyond control 無法控制 beyond description 無法 beyond the visiting hours 過了開放期 beyond words 無法用語言表達(dá)by by nature 天生地 by chance 偶然地 by the back door 從后門 by the way+從句通過……方式 by means of 通..過……的方式(all) by oneself=alone 單獨(dú);靠自己;無他人的幫助 what do you mean+ by that/doing that/saying so?你那樣/這樣講( 說)是什么意思?For run for 競選 ask sb for 要求 wait for 等待 care for 關(guān)心 search for 搜查 call for 要求 change for 交換apply for 申請 say something for oneself 為自己辯解 seek for 尋求 set/fix a date for sth.確定做某事的日期stand/represent for 代表 hope for 希望,得到 beg for 乞求 look for 尋找 hunt for 尋找 charge sb for 要價take sth for 以為,誤以為think for oneself= make decisions independently 獨(dú)立思考(形成想法, 作出決定等)come for 來取,為 而來 except for sth.肯定整體、除去瘕疵 for enjoyment 為了尋求樂趣 for one’s opinion 同意某人的見解 for one thing 一則, 常與 for another thing 連用Down burn down 燒毀 take down 記下 cut down 砍倒,消減 pass down 傳下來 calm down 冷靜下來 settle down 安居,安家 tear down 拆毀 break down 壞掉,精神崩潰 slow down 減速 put down 記下,鎮(zhèn)壓 come down 落下來At come at 襲擊 run at 沖擊 tear at 用力撕 stare at 盯著看 glance at 瞥一眼 knock at 敲 smile at 沖 笑 aim at 瞄準(zhǔn) wonder at 驚訝 shut at 沖 嚷 look at 盯 看 glare at 怒視 point at 指向 strike at 敲打 shoot at 射擊call at 拜訪 at the beginning of 在……之初/開始at that time 就在此時,忽然From differ from sth./sb.與某物、某人不同 suffer from 受 苦 hear from sb.收到某人的來信;得知某人的消息 die from 因 死掉(外因)stop from 阻止 learn from 向 學(xué)習(xí) date from 追溯到 result from 由于 separate from 分離 bring sth. From…從某處帶某物 apart from 表“ 除……以外”,far from 遠(yuǎn)離 form one’s opinions= make decisions independently 獨(dú)立思考(形成想法, 作出決定等)Of as a result of 由于……as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上 be convinced of sth.堅(jiān)信……think of 想到 consist of 組成 approve of 贊成 talk of 談?wù)?complain of 抱怨 dream of 夢想到 hear of 聽到有關(guān)……speak of 說到 die of 死掉(內(nèi)因)become of 因?yàn)?instead of 代替,而不是 regardless of 不管,不顧 of oneself “自動地”, “自然而然 Off start off 出發(fā) set off 出發(fā) leave off 中斷 show off 炫耀 get off 下車 sent off 運(yùn)行 put off 推遲 cut off 切斷 keep off 避開 knock off 撞倒 pay off 還債 get/take off 下車 ring off 掛電話 come off 推測 fall off 跌落 go off 走開,消失,壞了 break off 打斷 carry off 帶走,攜走 give off 散發(fā)出(固.氣)lay off 解雇, 停止工作, 休息 , 劃On agree on sth.在…… 方面取得一致意 depend on 依靠 assist on 堅(jiān)持 impress on/upon sb 是固定搭配, 給……留下印象 the effect on sth/sb..對于……的影響 put on 穿上 move on 繼續(xù)前進(jìn) fed on 以 為生 take on 呈現(xiàn) have on 穿著 look on 旁觀 rely on 依靠 carry on 繼續(xù)進(jìn)行 live on 以 為生 call on 拜訪 spend on 在 花錢 bring on 引起, 導(dǎo)致 , 使發(fā)展, 提出 try on 試穿 pass on 傳遞 switch/turn on 打開(電器)some books on China 關(guān)于中國的一些書 on purpose 故意地 on time 準(zhǔn)時,按時 on the condition that+從句 條件是, 以……為條件 on one’s mind 某人有心事, 擔(dān)心 on the other hand 另一方面Out break out 爆發(fā) point out 指出 pick out 選出 burst out 迸發(fā) carry out 執(zhí)行 bring out 闡明 help out 救助 set out 出發(fā),著手 wear out 穿破 finger/make out 理解,看清 cross out 劃掉 keep out 擋住 find out 查出,弄明白 try out 試用,試驗(yàn) put out 撲滅 hand out 散發(fā),分發(fā) let out 泄漏,發(fā)出聲音 turn out 結(jié)果是 come out 出版,發(fā)行 leave out 省略,刪掉 work out 可以解決, 設(shè)計(jì)出, 作出, 計(jì)算出, 消耗完 give out 散發(fā),分發(fā)(光和熱)look out 小心 speak out 大聲講出 sent out 派遣 go out 熄滅 out of sight 看不見 out of reach夠不到 out of order 雜亂, 出故障 out of place 不在原來的地方Into look into 調(diào)查 burst into 闖入 turn/change into 變成 run into 碰到 divide into 分成 translate into 翻譯put into 翻譯 break into 破門而入 sink into a chair 頹然坐在椅子上In differ in 在……方面不同 give in 屈服 bring in 引進(jìn) result in 導(dǎo)致 join in 參加 get in 收獲 fill in 填寫hand in 上交 cut in 插話 drop in 拜訪 succeed in 在 方面成功 take in 接納,吸收 break in 采訪,召集persist/insist in 堅(jiān)持 In color 表示“ 使用彩色.in short 簡言之 in doubt 懷疑 in exchange for 作為交換 in time 及時 in preparation 準(zhǔn)備 in store 貯藏著;儲備著 in all 總共 in praise of 表揚(yáng) In place of 代替 in spite of 盡管 in terms of 就…而言,按照, 從……方面來說 in need of 需要 in favor of 支持 in honor of 為了紀(jì)念 in face of 面..對, 面臨, 不顧 in the past couple of weeks 在過去的這幾個星期 In detail 詳細(xì)地 in general 通常,大體上in return 作為回報, 作為交換 in turn 反過來 in case 萬一, 以防,以免 in that 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句, 意思是 “因?yàn)?in one’s opinion 在某人看來 in one’s mind 在某人心里in other words 換句話說 in fact 事實(shí)上Over turn over 打翻, 周轉(zhuǎn), 移交給, 反復(fù)考慮, 翻身, 折騰, 翻閱 go over 審查,檢查,復(fù)習(xí) get over 克服 take over 接管 fall over 倒下 think over 仔細(xì)考慮 look over 翻閱,檢查 run over 看守,照看 roil over 翻滾 over the past couple of weeks 在過去的這幾個星期 over a cup of coffee 在喝咖啡期間Since ever since 自從……以來To belong to 屬于 refer to 談到,涉及,參閱 turn to 向 求助 reply to 回答 abject to 反對 point to 指向stick to 堅(jiān)持 come to 蘇醒,共計(jì) get to 到達(dá) bring to 蘇醒 agree to sth.同意(計(jì)劃、安排、方案等)supply sth to 提供 add to 增加 devote to 貢獻(xiàn) compare to 比作 write to 寫信給 lead to 導(dǎo)致 attend to 處理,照顧 the answer/answers to sth.某事的答案 to the point 中肯, 切題 have sth.to oneself “自私的”; “為..所獨(dú)有 ”say to oneself=think to oneself “心里想 ”,不強(qiáng)調(diào)出聲 speak to oneself=talk to oneself “自言自語”Up grow up 成長 build up 建立 put up 建造 do up 整理,包裝,打扮 get up 起床 bring up 撫養(yǎng),提出stay up 熬夜 use up 用光 lay up 貯存, 擱置, 臥床 cut up 切碎 end up 總結(jié) burn up 燒毀 clear up 整理, 消除, 放晴 hurry up 趕快 keep up 保持 send up 發(fā)射 open up 開創(chuàng),開辟 break up 分解 set up 建立 go up 增長 pick up 撿起 , 獲得語言, 使恢復(fù)精神, 加快, 收聽,看到, 加速 turn up 出現(xiàn) eat up 吃光 take up 占據(jù),從事,開始學(xué) tear up 撕碎 make up 彌補(bǔ), 虛構(gòu), 縫制, 整理, 包裝, 和解, 編輯, 化妝,補(bǔ)足,拼湊 come up 上來,長出 throw up 嘔吐 look up 查出 catch up 趕上 fix up 修理,安排,裝置 hold up 使停頓,耽誤 ring up 打電話 hung up (on sb) 掛某人電話 divide up 分割Through get through 到達(dá) , 做完, 通過, 接通電話,成功做到 go through 審閱,檢查,學(xué)習(xí) see through 識破 pull through 渡過危機(jī) look through 翻閱,仔細(xì)察看 live through 熬過,艱難度過With do/deal with 處理,對付 meet with 遭遇 agree with sth./sb.同意某人(的意見)combine with 相結(jié)合talk with 與 交流 compare with 與 相比 equip with 用 裝備 cover with 用 蓋上 end with 以 結(jié)束 provide with 以 供給 begin with 以 開始 supply sb with 以 供給 play with 玩弄 with regard to 至于, 關(guān)于 cut with a knife 用刀切三個單詞構(gòu)成的短語add up to 總計(jì) look down upon 看輕 keep away from 避開 put up with 忍受 make up for 化妝,彌補(bǔ) get along with 交往 get close to 靠近 get out of 逃避 set fire of 縱火 take notes of 注意 do well in 在 干得好 take a photo of 照相 make fun of 開玩笑 get/be used of 習(xí)慣于 keep in touch with sb 保持聯(lián)系 come into being 出現(xiàn) take pride in 為 自豪 take an interest in 對 感興趣 make fool of 愚弄 take charge of 掌管 break away from 擺脫 get rid of 擺脫,除去 do away with 廢除 look up to 仰望,尊敬 catch up with 起飛 run out of 用完,用光 go on with 繼續(xù) look forward to 盼望 take hold of 握住 get down to sth 開始認(rèn)真考慮 pay attention to 注意 set an example to 做榜樣 pay a visit to 拜訪 take the place of 取代make use of 利用 get into the habits of 染上不良習(xí)慣 keep oneself to 自己來 make room for 騰地方 take advantage of 利用 take pity on 同情 lose sight of 看不見play an important role in 在 起重要作用2018 年高考英語形容詞和副詞精講I、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)解析形容詞、副詞比較級和最高級的常用句型及用法。系動詞后接形容詞作表語和一些常用副詞(seldom, even, enough, never, hardly)也是高考熱點(diǎn)之一。一 形容詞、副詞比較級和最高級的常用句型名 稱 句 型 例 句1. as+原 級 +as The train travels as fast as the 3: 55 train.相 等2. as+原 級 +a/an+單 數(shù) 名 詞 +as He is as honest a man as you...3. as many+名 詞 復(fù) 數(shù) +asas much+不 可 數(shù) 名 詞 +asI have as many books as you.4. 倍 數(shù) +as+原 級 +名 詞 +as My room is twice as big as my brother’s.不 及 not as/so+原 級 +as She is not as/so beautiful as her sister.1. 比 較 級 +than Health is more important than wealth.超 越 2. the+比 較 級 +of the two 兩 者 中較 ……的 一 個He is the taller of the two.用 于 否 定 no+比 較 級 +than和 ……一 樣 不He is no richer than I.他 和 我 一 樣 不 富 有 。用 于 否 定 再 ……不 過 ( 可 譯 為 “非 常 , 十 分 ”)His work couldn’t be worse.他 的 工 作 再 糟 糕 不 過 了 。程 度 遞 增 -er and -er, more and more+多 音節(jié) 詞 原 級 (越 來 越 ……)higher and higher; more and more important兩 種 情 況同 時 變 化the+比 較 級 , the +比 較 級 (越 ……, 越 ……)The quicker you get ready, the sooner we'll be able to leave.三 者 或 三者 以 上 比較the+最 高 級 +of/ in + 比 較 范 圍 (…之 中 最 …)Of all things in the world, people are the most precious.二 比較級結(jié)構(gòu)的修飾語1 用于原級之前 almost, nearly, just, quite, half, twice, three times, etc The river is three times as long as that one.1) many, a few (用于“more+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”前)It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.2 用于比較級前 2) a lot, much, even, still, far, a great deal, rather, two years, 5%, twice, etc.My desk mate is even fatter than me.3 用于最高級前 the very, much the, by far the, the first/second This cake is by far the largest in the world.三 兩種形式的副詞,一個與形容詞同形,一個以 ly 結(jié)尾。hard 勸告;刻苦地;猛烈地;困難地 He studies very hard . 他學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。1 hard hardly hardly 幾乎不;簡直不 We hardly had time to eat breakfast . 我們簡直沒時間吃早飯。high 高高地;地位高;聲音高 The plane flies high . 飛機(jī)飛得很高2 high highly highly 高度地;非常(常和 praise , speak 等動詞連用) They spoke very highly of him . 他們稱贊他。3 deep deeply deep修飾具體動作時,往往兩個詞可換用,但多用 deepThey had to dig very deep (deeply) in order to find water . 他們必須挖得很深,才能發(fā)現(xiàn)水。..表示靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)時只用 deep (此時多與介詞、副詞連用)。The meeting continued deep into the night . 會議持續(xù)到了深夜。修飾形容詞或過去分詞只能用 deeply。I am deeply grateful to you . 我非常感謝你。deeply deeply 可與 hate , dislike , regret , admire , love , value 等動詞連用,但不能與動詞 like 連用。I deeply regret his death . 我對他的去世深感遺憾。late 遲;晚。 The bus arrived 5 minutes late . 公共汽車遲到了五分鐘。lately 最近;不久前 (同 recently )。 What have you been doing lately ? 最近你在做什么 ?4late latelyas late as 與 as lately as 都有“ 近至;直到”之意,用法相同。I saw him as late(lately) as yesterday . 直到昨天我才看見他。near 近;臨近;在附近。 The train came nearer and nearer . 火車越來越近了。5 nearnearly nearly 幾乎;差不多;將近。 It is nearly ten o'clock . 差不多十點(diǎn)鐘了。close 靠近;挨近;接近。 Come close so that I can see you . 走近點(diǎn)以便我能看清你。6 close closely closely 緊密地;緊緊地;秘密地;仔細(xì)地;嚴(yán)密地。We followed closely after him . 我們緊緊地跟在他后面。四 以 ly 結(jié)尾的形容詞:1 表示時間的形 容詞hourly, daily, nightly, weekly, monthly, quarterly(季度的), yearly, early, timely 及時的。This theatre gives a nightly performance.2 表示人的形容 詞manly 男子氣的,womanly 女人氣的,wifely 妻子似的,fatherly 父親般的,childly 孩子般的,comradely 同 志式的What are wifely duties? 什么是做妻子的責(zé)任?3表示人的外貌、特征、身體狀況、性格、心理等的形容詞lovely, friendly, ugly, lively, lonely, friendly, unfriendly,sickly(令人作嘔的,有病的), poorly(健康欠佳的), elderly 年長的,homely 不漂亮的、平凡的、樸實(shí)的。Children are usually lively.4表示事物特征、環(huán)境、情況、狀態(tài)的形容詞likely 可能的,orderly 整齊的,costly 花費(fèi)大的,deadly 致命的,mannerly 有貌的,chilly 涼的,disorderly 亂七八糟的 ,unlikely 不可能的。Please leave our classroom in an orderly way.讓我們的教室整整齊齊的。五 senior, junior, superior, inferior 等詞與 to 連用1 能與 to 連用,但不能與 thansuperior 優(yōu)秀的,高級的(反義詞This restaurant is superior to the one we went to last week.這家飯館比我..inferior)。 們上周毒的那家好。連用senior 年長的,地位高的,資格老的(反義詞 junior ).She is senior to everyone else in the company.她在公司里比其他人資格都要老。2 既不能與 than連用,又不能與 to 連用的major 主要的 minor 次要的,表示不太重要或較次要。The young actress was given a minor part in the new play. 年輕的女演員在這部新戲里被分配擔(dān)任一個小角色。The infection is fairly minor, nothing to worry about.感染不嚴(yán)重,用不著擔(dān)心。六 某些以 a 開頭的表語形容詞以 a- 開頭的只能作表語的形容詞還有 afraid, alone, asleep, alive, alike 等。特殊用法1) alive“活著的,活的”是表語形容詞,既可指人又可指物,有時可與 living 互換。He is dead, but his dog is still alive/living .他死了,但他的狗仍然活著。2) alive 作定語一般放在所修飾的名詞后:Who is the greatest man alive? 誰是當(dāng)今活著的最偉大的人?3) alive 可作賓語補(bǔ)足語:Let's keep the fish alive. 讓魚活著的吧。4)這類形容詞一般都不能用 very 修飾,但可用 much 或 very much 等修飾。不能說:I am very alone,只可以說 I am much alone 或 very much alone。七 多個形容詞修飾一個名詞的排列順序大致為:限定詞(冠詞/代詞)→ 數(shù)詞 →描繪形容詞→大小→形狀→新舊→年齡→顏色→國籍→材料+名詞a small round wooden table; 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