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考點34 倒裝句 高考頻度：★★★★★ 考向一 全部倒裝 把謂語全部提到主語前面，叫全部倒裝。主要有： 1.there be 句型： 可以用在這類句型中的動詞除be外，還可用 live，happen，exist，remain，stand等等作這類句型的謂語。如： There are many students in the classroom.教室里有許多學生。 Long, long ago there lived a king who loved horses very much.  很久很久以前，有一位國王，他非常喜歡馬。 There happened to be nobody in the bedroom when the fire broke out. 起火的時候，碰巧房間里面沒有人。 John opened the door. There _________ he had never seen before. A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl 【答案】D 2.Here/There/Now＋vi.（常為e, go）＋主語（必須是名詞） 此句型中here/there用來喚起注意意思是＂喂，注意了＂。如： Here es Mary. → I can see Mary ing.瑪麗來了。 There goes the bell. 鈴響了?！鶬 can hear the bell ringing. Here es the bus.汽車來了。 There he es.他來了。 這種句型不能用現(xiàn)在進行時。 here句中也可用系動詞。如： Here are some story books I want. →Here is what you asked for，or you are looking for.這就是我要的故事書。（我找了好久） Here we are. This is the station.咱們到了，這就是火車站。 ＂Give me some paper.＂ ＂Here you are.＂＂給我點紙。＂ ＂給你。＂ 3.then引起謂語為 e，follow的句子。如： Then came a new difficulty. 然后產(chǎn)生了一個新的困難。 Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.接著是八年抗戰(zhàn)。 4.out，in，up, down，away之類的副詞作狀語放在句首，主語比較長，也就是說主語不能是很短的人稱代詞，謂語為不及物動詞e， go，run ,rush，etc。句式為：副詞＋vi.＋主語（必須是名詞）。如： Out rushed the tiger from among the bushes.老虎從灌木叢里沖了出來。 In came the rose fragrance through the windows.玫瑰花香透過窗戶飄了進來。 5.介詞短語作狀語放在句首，謂語為不及物動詞，主語比較長，也就是說主語不能是很短的人稱代詞。句式為：介詞短語＋vi.＋主語（必須是名詞）。如： In the middle of our school stands a high building.在學校中央有一座高樓。 At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China. A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie 【答案】A 【解析】考查倒裝。表示方位的地點狀語提前，句子完全倒裝，所以選A項。 6.表語放在句首，表語常為形容詞、分詞、副詞、介詞短語。要求主語比較長，也就是說主語不能是很短的人稱代詞。句式為：表語＋系動詞＋主語（必須是名詞）。 Gone are the days when the teachers were looked down upon. 老師地位低下的年代一去不復返了。 On the both sides of the street are beautiful flowers.街道兩旁有美麗的花。 South of city are two big lakes.城市的兩邊有兩個大湖。 7.直接引語中間或后面，表示某人說這意思的插入語（特別是謂語較短時）。 ＂They must be in the fields now,＂ thought Xiao Lin.＂他們準是下地了。＂小林想道。 ＂Help! Help!＂ cried the little girl.小姑娘叫道：＂救命！救命?。ⅹ? 如果主語不比謂語長，或是它后面有賓語，主語就仍然多放在前面。 ＂Take your seats，gentlemen,＂ Wilson shouted.威爾遜嚷道：＂先生們坐好。＂ 考向二 部分倒裝 只把助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞提到主語前面，叫部分倒裝。主要有： 1.＂only＋副詞/ 介詞短語/ 狀語從句＂開頭的句子。如： Only then did I realize the importance of English. 直到那時我才意識到英語的重要性。 Only in this way can you make progress in your English. 只有通過這種方式你學英語才會取得進步。 注意： １）在only＋狀語從句＋主句結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)但從句用正常語序。 ２）only修飾主語，不倒裝。 Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals. A. I did discover B. did I discover C. I discovered D. discovered 【答案】B 特別提示： 副詞only置于句首， 強調(diào)方式狀語、 條件狀語、 地點狀語、 時間狀語等狀語時， 主句要進行部分倒裝。 但若位于句首的不是only+狀語，而是only+賓語等，通常則無需倒裝。 ?Only after being asked three times did he e to the meeting.在被邀請了三次之后，他才出席會議。 ?Only in this way can you master English.只有用這種方式你才能掌握英語。 ?Only when he returned did we find out the truth.只有當他返回時，我們才能發(fā)現(xiàn)真相。 2.否定詞（短語）開頭的句子要用部分倒裝。 表示否定的副詞never，nor，neither,表示半否定意義的副詞hardly，few，seldom，little，含有no和not的詞組by no means（決不），in no time（很快），at no time（在任何時候都不），（在任何情況下都不）not until，not only...but also，no sooner...than＝hardly...when/scarcely... 即＂否定詞＋助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語＋其他＂。如： Never have I been in this city.我從沒到過這座城市。 Little/Seldom do I watch TV.我很少看電視。 Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到我參加了工作我才意識到我浪費了多少時間。 注意： 1)關聯(lián)詞的搭配。 2)前一分句倒裝，后一分句不倒裝。 （2016江蘇卷）Not until recently ________ the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. A. they had encouraged B. had they encouraged C. did they encourage D. they encouraged 【答案】C 2. I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _________ with my progress. A. the teacher is not satisfied B.is the teacher not satisfied C. the teacher is satisfied D.is the teacher satisfied 【答案】D 3.以so開頭，用 ＂so＋助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞＋主語＂表示前面敘述的情況也適合于另一個人或物，意為＂也，同樣，也如此＂。表示前面敘述的否定情況也適合于另一個人或物，用＂neither/nor＋助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞＋主語＂。  Society has changed and so have the people in it.社會變了，人也變了。 注意： 1)當so表示對前句內(nèi)容的肯定、符合，或進一步強調(diào)前面所說的情況，或者贊同前面的說法時，應用自然語序。意為 ＂的確，正是＂。 —Tom works hard.湯姆工作很賣力。 —So he does and so do you.的確如此，你也是。 2）倒裝部分的助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、連系動詞的時態(tài)和形式要與前句相一致。 If you don’t go，neither/nor shall I.（If you don’t go，I shall not go.）你不去，我也不去。 注意：表示前面的多種情況也適合于另一人或物，或者既有肯定又有否定情況或涉及到不同類型的動詞時可用：It is the same with sth./sb.或 So it is with sth./sb.句型。 She does well in English，but is poor in maths. So it is with Lucy. 她英語學得好，但數(shù)學學得差，露茜也是如此。 —Why, this is nothing but mon vegetable soup! —________， madam. It’s our soup of the day. A. Let me see B. So it is C. Don’t mention it D. Neither do I 【答案】B 【解析】答語意為：是這樣的，女士。這就是我們今天的湯。根據(jù)答語可知，第二個人同意第一個人說的話，因此用＂So＋主語＋助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞＂結(jié)構(gòu)，意為＂的確如此＂。 4.由as引導讓步狀語從句要用部分倒裝或前置。句式為：表語/狀語/動詞原形＋as＋主語＋其他。如： Clever as he is，he doesn’t study well. 雖然他很聰明，但他學習不好。 Child as he is， he knows a lot. 雖然他是個孩子，但他懂得不少事情。 Much as I like it，I won’t buy it. 雖然我非常喜歡它，但我不買。 Try as she might， she failed. 雖然她試過了，但還是失敗了。 注意：表語前的名詞無形容詞修飾時冠詞要省略 ________, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. A. Strange as might it sound B.As it might sound strange C.As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound 【答案】D 5.在so...that從句中，如果so＋adj./adv.放在句首，其主句要倒裝。 So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him. 他講話聲音足夠大，以至于每個人都能聽得見。 ________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious 【答案】B 【解析】句意：這對夫婦對于野生植物是那樣的好奇；以致于他們決定去馬達加斯加進一步研究。主語是couple, 所以謂語用復數(shù)形式；該句子用部分倒裝， so修飾的形容詞或副詞提到句首。 6.如果虛擬條件句的謂語含有were，should ，were可以把if省略而將這三個詞放于條件句主語前構(gòu)成倒裝。 If it hadn’t been for their help，we couldn’t have finished the work on time. ＝Hadn’t it been for their help，we couldn’t have finished the work on time. 要不是由于他們的幫助，我們不可能按時完成那項工作。 If there should be a flood，what would we do? ＝Should there be a flood，what would we do? 要是發(fā)了洪水，我們該怎么辦呢？ ________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. A. Did he catch B. should be catch C. has he caught D. Had he caught 【答案】D 7.頻度副詞及短語often，always，now and then ，many a time ，every other day等放在句首時有時也倒裝。 Many a time has he e to fort me.他來安慰了我好多次。 Often did he warn them not to do so.他經(jīng)常告誡他們不要那樣去做。 8.某些表示祝愿句子也用倒狀語序。 May you succeed.祝你成功！ Long live the munist Party of China!中國共產(chǎn)黨萬歲！ 方法技巧點撥 1.考前應認真研讀高考題目，了解命題人的意圖，對高考方向有所把握。 2.倒裝句在句式上考生不是很習慣，故考生得從多方面入手，熟悉各種倒裝句式，以不變應萬變。 3.要注意倒裝句中的主謂一致、時態(tài)一致及人稱一致等問題。 4.加強理解分析能力，切忌機械記憶，注意知識間的交叉，分清句子成分。 5.在平時的學習中盡最大努力運用所學知識，達到熟能生巧的目的。 題組一 能力過關 I.完成句子 1. ________(as, strange, may, sound, it), I was very pleased it was over. 2. Short ________(it, is，as), China’s first ＂space class＂ conveys so much knowledge and is certainly of great importance. 3. ________had she begun________ she heard someone running up the stairs. 4. ________(I, spend) more time on my studies instead of being addicted to puter games, I would be working in a chain pany of Microsoft. 5. －Under no circumstances________(you, leave) the door to the Data Centre unlocked. －I promise I’ll be more careful in future. 6. Only when the last tree has died and the last river has been poisoned________(we，realize) we cannot eat money. 7. If a healthy environment is gone, ________ everything that our life depends on.（……也如此) II.項填空 1.—OK, here ___________. —Thank you for your lift. See you later. A. are we B. is it C. we are D. es it 2.So ________ sometimes in trying to acplish something big _______ we fail to notice the little things that give life its magic. A. we get caught up; as B. do we get caught up; that C. caught up get we; as D. caught up do we get; that 3.China opened its door to the outside world in 1978. ________ that had far-reaching effects. A. Did a new development e then B. Then came a new development C. Came then a new development D. Then did a new development e 4.________ book of this writer is East and West. A. Known to be the best B. Known as the best C. As the best known D. It was the best known 5.I failed in the final exam last term and only then the importance of study. A. I realized B. I realize C. had I realized D. did I realize 6.In the lecture hall . A. seats a professor B. a professor seats C. sits a professor D. a professor sits 7.Never once _________ with each other since they were married 40 years ago A. did the old couple quarrel B. have the couple quarreled C. quarreled the couple D. would the couple quarrel 8._________ what would happen the following day, they would have reconsidered their thoughts. A. Did they know B. Were they to know C. Had they known D. should they know 9.I went to the classroom as usual. But there, next to my desk, ______ I had never seen before. A. a girl did sit B. a girl sat C. did a girl sit D. sat a girl 10.We won’t think of human clones and any reason to suggest that we are closer to producing them today than we were yesterday. A. neither there is B. neither there was C. nor is there D. nor was there III. 短文改錯 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（Λ），并在其下面寫出該加的次。 刪除：把多余的用斜線（\）劃掉。 修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：(1).每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； (2).只允許修改10處，多者（從第l1處起）不計分。 Dear Ms Wood, I’m Li Hua, one of your student in China. It’s almost a year before you left us. We all miss you and are very gratefully for what you did for us. The other day our school hold an English speech petition and I won first prize. What’s worse, it again reminded me all your kind help. Yesterday we went to water the trees planting on the hill behind the school. The tree you planted is growing good, and the whole class decided to name it Sue Wood in our honor. We are eager to know more about you. Hope to keep in the close touch with you. Yours, Li Hua 題組二 體驗真題 1.(2015天津) Only when Lily walked into the office ______ that she had left the contract at home. A. she realized B. has she realized C. she has realized D. did she realize 2.（2014 ? 全國大綱卷）________ the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well. A. Not do only B. Do not only C. Only not do D. Not only do 3.（2014陜西）No sooner ________ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. A. had Mo Yan B. Mo Yan had C. has Mo Yan D. Mo Yan has 4.（2014 ? 湖南）Only when you can find peace in your heart ________ good relationships with others. A. will you keep B. you will keep C. you kept D. did you keep 題組一 能力過關 I.完成句子 1.Strange as it may sound 【解析】考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：盡管這聽起來有點怪，但是我很開心它結(jié)束了。as引導讓步狀語從句時，意為＂雖然，盡管＂，從句用部分倒裝的形式，即＂形容詞/副詞/零冠詞的名詞/動詞原形等＋as＋主語＂。 3.No sooner; than/Hardly; when 【解析】考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。hardly...when..., no sooner...than...意為＂一……就……＂。主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。另外，當把hardly/no sooner置于句首時，主句要用部分倒裝。 4.Had I spent 【解析】考查虛擬語氣和特殊句式。由句意可知，逗號前為條件虛擬語氣句，從句表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，故從句謂語動詞用＂had＋過去分詞＂，當從句中省略了引導詞if時，從句用部分倒裝，即將助動詞had提到從句的主語之前，句子還原為：If I had spent more time on my studies instead of being addicted to puter games... 5.should you leave 【解析】考查倒裝句。句意：——你無論如何都不能不鎖數(shù)據(jù)中心的門就走了?！掖饝阆麓挝視⒁獾摹nder no circumstance相當于in no case/in no way/on no account/by no means/never，意為＂決不＂，置于句首時，句子要部分倒裝，即：將助動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前。若句中沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需要添加助動詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語前。由語境可知，此處有責怪的意思，情態(tài)動詞應用should。 6.will we realize 【解析】考查倒裝。當only強調(diào)狀語且位于句首時，句子要部分倒裝。如：Only by working hard can you make progress.＝Y(jié)ou can make progress only by working hard.只有努力才能取得進步。 7.so is 【解析】考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：如果有益于健康的環(huán)境消失了，我們生活所依賴的一切也將消失。根據(jù)語境可知，前面提到的事也適用于后面的事物，且為肯定含義，因此用＂so＋助動詞＋主語＂結(jié)構(gòu)。 II.項填空 1.C 【解析】考查倒裝。上句：好的，我們到了。下句：謝謝你的禮物，再見。表示方位地點的here位于句子開頭，如果句子的主語是名詞，則用全部倒裝；如果句子的主語是人稱代詞，則不用倒裝。故選C。 2.D 【解析】考查部分倒裝。句意：我們有時會試圖去完成一些大的事情，以至于我們沒有注意到那些給生命帶來魔力的小事情。本句運用了“so+形容詞或副詞+that引導的結(jié)果狀語從句”句型，當“so+形容詞或副詞”位于句子開頭時，其后用部分倒裝，而that后面的句子不倒裝。故答案選D。 3.B 【解析】考查倒裝。句意：中國在1978年向世界打開了大門。然后出現(xiàn)了一個新的發(fā)展，該發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響。then位于句首，句子用全部倒裝。即：主語和謂語完全交換位置。故B選項正確。 4.B 【解析】句意：East and West是這位作家最著名的作品。正常語序為：East and West is known as the best book of the this writer。be known as意為“作為……而出名”。known置于句首，起強調(diào)作用。B選項正確。 6.C 【解析】考查倒裝句。在演講大廳坐著一個教授。表示方位的介詞短語在句首時句子用完全倒裝，排除B D 。seat sb.使……坐，seat是及物動詞；sit坐，不及物動詞，故答案為C。 7.B 【解析】考查倒裝和時態(tài)。句意：這對夫婦自從40年前結(jié)婚以來，從來沒有吵過架。否定詞Never放在句首，句子要部分倒裝，根據(jù)從句since they were married 40 years ago可知，主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時，助動詞have提到主語之前，句子部分倒裝。故選B。 8.C 【解析】考查虛擬語氣和倒裝。句意：如果他們知道第二天會發(fā)生什么，他們就會重新考慮他們的想法。此句是if從句和過去事實相反的情況，從句用had+過去分詞，主句用would/could/should/ might +have+過去分詞。這種虛擬條件句可以把had提前，省去if，故選C。 9.D 【解析】考查全部倒裝。句意：我像平常一樣去了教室。但是，在我桌子旁邊坐著一個我以前從沒見過的女孩。表示地點方位的狀語位于句子開頭，主語如果是名詞，則句子用全部倒裝。故答案為D。 III. 短文改錯 【答案】 Dear Ms Wood, I’m Li Hua, one of your in China. It’s almost a year you left us. We all miss you and are very for what you did for us. The other day our school an English speech petition and I won first prize. What’s , it again reminded me all your kind help. Yesterday we went to water the trees on the hill behind the school. The tree you planted is growing , and the whole class decided to name it Sue Wood in honor. We are eager to know more about you. Hope to keep in the close touch with you. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 第一處：student→students。"我"是李華，你在中國的一個學生。one of +名詞復數(shù)是固定用法，表示"……之一"。 第二處：before→since。此處考查固定句型 It is/has been+ 一段時間+since...，意思是"自從……以來已經(jīng)多長時間了"。故應把before改為since。 第三處：gratefully→grateful。我們都很想念你，而且非常感激你為我們所做的一切。be grateful for..."感激……"是固定搭配。 第四處：hold→held。根據(jù)時間狀語The other day "前幾天"可知，此處陳述發(fā)生在過去的事情，故應用一般過去時。 第五處：worse→more。此處前后句之間是遞進關系，故此處應用What’s more"而且"。what’s worse"更糟糕的是"，顯然與此處的語境不符。 第六處：reminded me后加of/about。remind sb. of/about sth."使某人想起某事物"。 第七處：planting→planted。trees與動詞plant之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，故此處應用過去分詞planted作后置定語。 題組二 體驗真題 1.D 【解析】句意：只有當莉莉走進辦公室的時候，她才意識到她把合同忘家里了。本題考查only位于句首，引導的時間狀語從句，主句要主謂倒裝。根據(jù)時態(tài)和句意可知選D。 2.D 【解析】考查倒裝句。句意：護士們不僅要求漲工資而且要求減少勞動時間。此處后面的but also被省略，not only引導的句子置于句首時，需部分倒裝。故選D。 3.A 【解析】no sooner...than...結(jié)構(gòu)中的no sooner置于句首時，其后的從句用部分倒裝。 4.A 【解析】考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)用法。Only修飾的狀語（從句）位于句首時，句子的主句要用部分倒裝。即Only+狀語/狀語從句+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語。根據(jù)從句的can可以排除D項。句意：只有當你在你心中找到寧靜的時候，你才會與其他人保持好的關系。故選A。