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考點20 虛擬語氣 高考頻度：★★★★☆ 【命題解讀】 對虛擬語氣的考查重點在于根據(jù)句子的語境靈活多樣地運用虛擬語氣，賓語從句中虛擬語氣的應(yīng)用，交際用語中為表示委婉而使用的虛擬語氣，含蓄條件句中的虛擬語氣，以及特殊句型中的虛擬語氣等。 【命題預(yù)測】 在特定語境下，情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣與動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)相結(jié)合的考查是近年來高考的趨勢。 【復(fù)習(xí)建議】 1. 掌握虛擬語氣的基本用法； 2. 掌握含蓄虛擬條件句的用法； 3. 掌握主從句時間不一致的虛擬條件句的用法； 4. 掌握名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣的用法； 5. 掌握wish/if only/would rather從句中的虛擬語氣的用法。 考向一 if條件句中的虛擬語氣 if條件 從句 從句的謂語形式 主句的謂語形式 表示現(xiàn) 在情況 動詞過去式(be的過去式用were) should/would/could/might＋動詞原形 表示過 去情況 had＋過去分詞 should/would/could/might＋have＋過去分詞 將 來情況 should＋動詞原形 should/would/could/might＋動詞原形 動詞過去式 were to＋動詞原形 ?If I were you，I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我會帶把傘。 ?We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn’t offered us a ride home. 如果昨天哈羅德沒送我們回家，我們會打出租車回家的。 【巧學(xué)妙記】 虛擬語氣記憶口訣 虛擬語氣表愿望； If句中三情況； 與現(xiàn)事實若相反； 從過全were 主would原； 過從had過分連； Would have過分鍵； 從過were to should原； Would動原主將反。 1.(2017北京卷單項填空) They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers. A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven 【參考答案】D 2.(2017北京卷單項填空) If the new safety system ________ to use, the accident would never have happened. A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put 【參考答案】A 【答案解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句意可知是對過去情況的虛擬，從句用had done形式， 故答案選 A。句意：如果新的安全系統(tǒng)已投入使用的話， 這次事故就不會發(fā)生了。 2.(2016天津卷單項填空)I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I __________. A. were injured B. would be injured C. had been injured D. would have been injured 【參考答案】D 【答案解析】句意：我當(dāng)時系著安全帶。如果我沒有系安全帶，我就會受傷了。使用虛擬語氣，根據(jù)if條件句用的had done，可知，主句用would have done表示對過去情況的虛擬，而且I和injure是被動關(guān)系。故選D。 考向二 錯綜時間條件句的虛擬語氣 當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為＂錯綜時間條件句＂，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。 ?If you had followed the doctor’s advice，you would be better now. 如果你當(dāng)時聽醫(yī)生建議的話，你現(xiàn)在就好多了。 1. （2018天津卷單項填空）If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach A. had caught B. caught C. have caught D. would catch 【答案】A 點睛：本題考查虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣重要做題原則：根據(jù)題干中主句或從句中動詞形式判斷所考查的動詞的虛擬時間，一般要保持一致，但要注意錯綜時間虛擬語氣要根據(jù)各自所表示的虛擬時間做出調(diào)整。本題就是錯綜條件虛擬語氣，從句與過去事實相反，故用had + v-ed，主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反。 2.（2016江蘇卷單項填空）If it_________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now. A. had not been B. should not be C. were not to be D. should not have been 【參考答案】A 【答案解析】本句屬于錯綜條件句的虛擬語氣。if從句表示與過去事實相反，所以使用過去完成時，主句表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，所以使用＂情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形＂。句意：如果不是因為前幾天他的邀請，我現(xiàn)在就不會在這里了。故A正確。 考向三 省略if的倒裝句 在條件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。 ?If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我重回學(xué)校，我會更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。 ?If you had e earlier, you would catch the bus. → Had you e earlier, you would catch the bus. 要是你來的再早點，你可能就趕上公交了。 ?If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. → Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 要是明天下雨，我們就不去爬山了。 (2017江蘇卷單項填空)________not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overe her difficulty. A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it 【參考答案】B 考向四 含蓄條件句中的虛擬語氣 有時候，虛擬條件不是通過if引導(dǎo)的條件句來表示，而是暗含在上下文中。 （1）用but for 、without(如果沒有）等來代替條件從句。 ?Without electricity human life would be quite different. =If there were no electricity, human life would be quite different. 如果沒有電，人類的生活將會有很大不同。 （2）用otherwise、or(or else)、even though等表示與上文的情況相反，從而引出虛擬語氣。 ?I lost your address. Otherwise, I would have visited you long before. =I lost your address. If I hadn’t lost your address, I would have visited you long before. 你的地址我弄丟了，要不我早就去拜訪你了。 （3）虛擬條件通過but暗示出來。 ?He would have given you more help,but he was too busy. 他本來會給你更多的幫助，但是他太忙了。 也就是說，如果那時他不忙，他可以給你更多的幫助。句中but he was too busy實際上暗示了一個虛擬條件——如果那時他不忙。 ?He would lose weight,but he eats too much. 他本來可以減肥的，但是他吃得太多了。 也就是說，如果他吃得不多的話，他是可以減肥的。句中的but he eats too much實際上暗示了一個虛擬條件——如果他吃得不多。 1.(2018天津卷單項填空) I cant find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure. A. should leave B. must have left C. might leave D. could have left 【參考答案】D 2.（2015重慶卷單項填空）Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written 【參考答案】D 【答案解析】本題是含蓄條件句。句意：沒有他戰(zhàn)時的經(jīng)驗，海明威就不可能寫出著名的小說《永別了武器》。根據(jù)without his wartime experience沒有戰(zhàn)時的經(jīng)歷，可知表示對于過去的否定猜測，故主句用would have done，因此選D項。 考向五 名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣 1．用于表示建議、愿望、命令等動詞后的賓語從句中 常見的動詞有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，propose，advise，request，urge，mand，prefer，desire，remend等。賓語從句中的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為＂should＋動詞原形＂，should可以省略。 ?Her mother suggested that she should go and see the doctor.她媽媽建議她去看醫(yī)生。 【特別提醒】 ★ suggest表＂暗示＂，insist表＂堅持認為＂時不用虛擬語氣。 試比較： ?He insisted that I had read his letter. 他堅持說我看過他的信。 ?He insisted that I should read his letter. 他堅持要我看他的信。 ?He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建議我們留下吃飯。 ?I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我覺得你與他心照不宣。 2．用于主語從句中 常見句型：It is important/necessary/urgent/essential/ ... + that... It is sb’s order/desire/suggestion/advice/ ... + that... It is suggested/advised/demanded/requested/ ... + that 從句謂語形式：（should+）動詞原形 ?It is ordered that the army (should) get there by 4 a.m. 軍隊必須在上午4點之前到達那里。 ?It is necessary that we (should) clean the room every day. 我們每天打掃房間是有必要的。 ?It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.人們建議會議推遲到下周。 3．用于表語從句和同位語從句中 在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，其構(gòu)成是＂should＋動詞原形＂，should可以省略。 ?His demand is that the boy should go with him.他要求這個男孩和他一起去。 ?Our suggestion is that you (should) be the first to go. 我們的建議是你應(yīng)該第一個去。 ?He issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 他命令部隊馬上撤退。 1.(2018江蘇卷單項填空) It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. A. would B. should C. could D. might 【參考答案】B 2.（2016全國新課標卷II短文改錯）Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. 【參考答案】刪除can或can改為should 【答案解析】考查虛擬語氣。動詞suggest作為建議講的時候，后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣＂（should+）動詞原形＂，所以本句可以刪除can或can改為should。 考向六 wish 賓語從句中的虛擬語氣 1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望， 構(gòu)成：主語 + wish (that) +從句主語+動詞過去式（be一律用were。 ?I wish I knew everything in the world. 我希望我知道世界上的一切。 ?I wish that the experiment were a success. 我希望實驗是成功的。 2.表示與過去事實相反的愿望， 構(gòu)成：主語 + wish (that) + 從句主語 + would/could + have + 過去分詞或had + 過去分詞。 ?I wish that you had called yesterday. 我希望你昨天打來電話。 ?I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I had been there. 我沒有去參加聚會，但我真希望我去過那兒。 3.表示將來不大可能實現(xiàn)的愿望， 構(gòu)成：主語 + wish (that) + 從句主語 + would/should/could/might +動詞原形。 ?I wish that he could try again. 我希望他能再試一次。 ?I wish that someday I should live on the moon. 我希望有一天我能在月球上生活。 1.(2018江蘇卷單項填空)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to bee more involved. A. had B. will have C. would have had D. have had 【答案】A 2. (2015天津)I wish I ______ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. A. will be B. would be C. have been D. had been 【參考答案】D 【答案解析】句意：上個周二我本希望參加我姐姐的婚禮，但那時我在紐約出差。本題考查wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，表示與過去事實相反的愿望，從句用had + 過去分詞。根據(jù)句意可知選D。 考向七 其他句型中的虛擬語氣 1．would rather后的賓語從句中，表示愿望，意為＂寧愿；但愿＂。用一般過去時表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾?；用過去完成時表示與過去事實相反。 ?I would rather he had passed the exam. 我寧愿他通過了那次考試。 2．在＂It is (about/high) time＋that從句＂中，謂語動詞常用過去式或＂should＋動詞原形＂表示虛擬語氣，注意should不可省略。 ?It’s high time that we devoted ourselves to environmental protection. 是我們致力于環(huán)境保護的時候了。 3．a(chǎn)s if，as though引導(dǎo)的表語從句和方式狀語從句中常用虛擬語氣，與現(xiàn)在事實相反用一般過去時；與過去事實相反用過去完成時。 ?They talked and talked as if they would never meet again. 他們談啊談好像永遠不會再見面一樣。 4．if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，用虛擬語氣表示愿望。 ?Look at the trouble we’re in.If only we had taken our teacher’s advice！ 看看我們所處的困境，要是我們接受老師的建議就好了！ 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 單句改錯 1.I’d rather you saw the film yesterday. 2.It is time that I go to pick up my daughter at school. 3.I wish I knew the truth of the matter. 4.If you listened to the doctor，you would be all right now. 5.You could do better，but you didn’t try your best. 6.If we took the other road，we might have arrived earlier. 7.He suggested that we took the teacher’s advice. 8.If he had been studying hard，he would work in the office now. 9.But for the rain，we should have a pleasant journey. 10.If only I have read the books on reading list before I attended the lecture. 題組二能力提升 單項填空 1.The driver was really careless, otherwise the traffic accident ______________. A. didn’t happen B. hadn’t happened C. wouldn’t happen D. wouldn’t have happened 2. If you ______________ yourself to doing everything in the order given, you would miss an opportunity to be a unique individual. A. mit B. mitted C. have mitted D. had mitted 3. The boy might have drowned but for the fact that his father ______________ beside him on the deck at that time. A. was standing B. stood C. had stood D. would have stood 4. —What do you think of his performance in the match? —He ______________, but today was not his day. A. need have scored B. could have scored C. should score D. would score 5. —I didn’t watch the program ＂Where are we going, Dad?＂ yesterday. —I ______________, either, if my father hadn’t reminded me. A. wouldn’t have B. didn’t C. wouldn’t D. hadn’t 6. I’d rather the two countries ______________ an end to the war. Then their people could live in peace. A. puts B. would put C. put D. should put 7. We ______________ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me? A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced 8. The report urged that all the children ______________ to swim. A. are taught B. be taught C. to be taught D. being taught 9. The match sounds fantastic; how I wish I ______________ it like you. A. watched B. had watched C. would watch D. have watched 10. This nationwide smog should serve as a reminder to all, indicating a high time that we ______________ on what we’ve done to the environment. A. have reflected B. are reflecting C. will reflect D. reflected 題組三體驗真題 1. (2017天津)—Do you have Bettys phone number? —Yes. Otherwise, I ________ able to reach her yesterday. A. hadnt been B. wouldnt have been C. werent D. wouldnt be 2.(2016浙江)Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _______ since their highest in 2005. A. had not fallen B. would not fall C. did not fall D. would not have fallen 3.(2016北京)Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ me, I could have helped. A. told B. had told C. were to tell D. would tell 4. (2015安徽)It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______nowhere to stay now. A. had B. had had C. would have D. would have had 5. (天津市和平區(qū)2017屆高三第三次質(zhì)量調(diào)查（三模）)— What happened to the young trees we planted last week? — The trees __________ well, but I didn’t water them. A. might grow B. would have grown C. needn’t have grown D. would grow 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 單句改錯 1.saw→had seen 2.go→went/should go 3.knew→had known 4.listened→had listened 5.do→have done 6.took→had taken 7.took→(should) take 8.work→be working 9.have后加had 10.have→had 題組二能力提升 單項填空 2. B 【解析】句意：如果你承諾自己按已給的順序做每件事，你就會錯過成為獨特個體的機會。此處是虛擬語氣，與現(xiàn)在相反的虛擬語氣，if從句用一般過去時，主句用would/could+動詞原形，故選B。 3. A 【解析】考查虛擬語氣和時態(tài)。句意：要不是因為那個男孩的父親當(dāng)時在甲板上站在他旁邊，他可能就會溺水了。but for要不是，引導(dǎo)含蓄虛擬條件句，在此相當(dāng)于if it hadn’t been for；the fact后跟同位語從句，對其進行補充說明，父親站在男孩身旁是事實，因此從句不使用虛擬語氣；根據(jù)＂at that time＂可知，應(yīng)該用過去進行時，故選A。 4. C 【解析】句意：——你認為他在比賽中的表現(xiàn)怎么樣？——他本能夠得分的，但今天他不走運。could have done＂本能夠（本可以）做，但實際上未做＂。 6. C 【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：我希望這兩個國家結(jié)束戰(zhàn)爭，這樣，兩國人民都能和平生活。I’d rather后接從句時，從句要用虛擬語氣，表示現(xiàn)在的非真實情況，用一般過去時。 7. C 【解析】根據(jù)but后面的過去時可知是與過去事實相反，那么主句中應(yīng)該使用情態(tài)動詞+have done的形式。故排除AB。D項只表示對過去情況的肯定推測，不表示虛擬，故C正確。 8. B 【解析】urge后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣should+動詞原形，should可以省略，且本句要使用被動語態(tài)。句意：那則報告強烈要求所有的孩子都被教會游泳。故B正確。 9. B 【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：那場比賽聽上去真是精彩。我多么希望像你一樣看過那場比賽?。〈祟}考查I wish后面的從句中虛擬語氣的用法。依據(jù)前面句子的意思可以看出比賽已經(jīng)發(fā)生過了，所以I wish后面的從句中要用虛擬語氣，用過去完成時來表示與過去事實相反，故選B。 10. D 【解析】句意：全球范圍的霧霾應(yīng)該對所有的人是個提醒，表明是我們該反思我們對環(huán)境做了什么的時候了。這是句型＂It is high time that...＂的變形，that從句中要用一般過去時或should+動詞原形表示虛擬語氣，故選D。 題組三 體驗真題 1.B 【解析】考查虛擬語氣。由空前的otherwise可知應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，再結(jié)合句意可知此處表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用would have done，故選B項。句意：＂你有貝蒂的電話號碼嗎？＂＂有。不然的話，我昨天就不會聯(lián)系上她了。＂ 2.D 【解析】句意：如果政府和科學(xué)家不共同努力，艾滋病相關(guān)的死亡就不會從2005年的最高點下降。使用虛擬語氣， if條件句用的had done，而且省略it，將had提前，主句用would have done表示對過去情況的虛擬。故選D。 4. C 【解析】句意：我們很幸運地訂到了房間，否則的話，我們現(xiàn)在就會無處可去了。or引導(dǎo)含蓄虛擬條件句，or后面是主句，相當(dāng)于if we hadn’t booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now.，根據(jù) ＂now＂可知，是對現(xiàn)在進行虛擬，因此用would+動詞原形，故選C。 5.B 【解析】考查虛擬語氣。would have done表示對過去已發(fā)生的事情的推測，表示＂可能已經(jīng)……＂，句意：——我們上星期種的小樹怎么了？——如果我過去給它澆水的話，它可能已經(jīng)長得很好了。故答案是B項。