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Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars 一、閱讀理解。 This month, the singing petition, American Idol, will e to an end. For years, the popular show was a platform for rising artists. With a group of famous judges and a wide range of talents, it is clear that the petitive atmosphere of American Idol will remain unrivaled by any other show. After all, its success has been ＂unmatched in broadcasting history.＂ American Idol came from the British series Pop Idol. Through an application, contestants came into the petition and thereafter, were chosen to audition(試音)for the show. Each candidate would have to perform a piece to the judges, and participate in a strict selection process. Not only would contestants have to sing in groups, they were sometimes tasked to perform pieces without musical instruments. At the end of this stage, only 24 o 36 artists were chosen to enter the semi-final stage. Soon, the fate of the contestants would be decided by the public. During the candidate’s live performance, a free telephone number was displayed on the screen for viewers to dial, to cast their vote. At the end of the night, only 13 lucky singers would be left in the petition; by the finals, only 8 contestants would remain. Finally, a runner-up(亞軍)and a winner were announced every season. Though only the winner would receive a million dollar reward and a significant record deal, other contestants would have had a chance to be known by the public. As the famous producer Simon Cowell once said, ＂The point of the show is not to be mean to loser, but to find a winner.＂ As the final season of the program begins, past winners will return to the stage to say goodbye and a new winner will be announced. With amazing performances and an excellent cast of singers, the show’s conclusion will leave audiences nostalgic(懷舊的), but more satisfied than ever. 1. Those who enter American Idol will _______. A. share the one million dollar reward together B. be asked to perform in pairs in the semi-finals C. experience at least three rounds of performances D. have the chance to bee famous even if they fail 2. Who play the most important roles in the finals of American Idol? A. The audiences B. The past winners C. The judges D. The record panies 3. The author thinks the conclusion of American Idol will _________. A. change its history B. be worth watching C. not be the last season D. pick her favorite singer 4. In which section of the newspaper may you probably find the passage? A. Advertisement B. Finance C. Entertainment D. Business 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為說(shuō)明文，介紹了很受歡迎的流行節(jié)目American Idol和它的比賽過(guò)程。 2.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第六、七、八句話可知在決賽階段起最重要作用的是觀眾，故選A。 3.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句話＂With amazing performances and an excellent cast of singers, the show’s conclusion will leave audiences nostalgic, but more satisfied than ever＂可知作者認(rèn)為 the show’s conclusion值得觀看，故選B。 4.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章可知本文介紹的是歌唱比賽節(jié)目，應(yīng)屬于娛樂(lè)類，故選C。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．Though injured seriously, he tried to cheer ， hoping to make his parents less worried. 答案：up 2．Her (puzzle) look on her face suggested she didn’t understand what I said. 答案：puzzled 3．The passengers were warned to watch out thieves. 答案：for 4．New technologies have made it possible (turn) out new products faster and at a lower cost. 答案：to turn 5．As we know, getting angry not only does harm one’s health but also has a bad effect the relationship between people. 答案：to; on 6．(2018長(zhǎng)春質(zhì)檢)Some believe in the (exist) of life on Mars, while others consider it as a myth. 答案：existence 7．Last night, Mrs. Green had a heart attack. But luckily, the doctor came in time (save) her life. 答案：to save 8．Now you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. 答案：that 9．I suppose by the time I e back in ten years’ time all these old houses will (pull) down. 答案：have been pulled 10．She strongly objected to my mother’s marriage. Surprisingly, my mother’s (react) to it was rather calm. 答案：reaction 三、完形填空 Do you see the glass as half-full rather than half-empty? Such clichs(陳詞濫調(diào))are 1 questions, as researchers examine with great care the power of positive thinking. Research is proving that optimism can 2 you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, 3 , to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to 4 , loneliness and painful shyness. If we could teach people to think more positively, it would be like protecting them against these 5 illnesses. Your abilities count but the belief that you can succeed 6 the result. When things go wrong the pessimist tends to 7 himself. “I’m not good at this,” he says. “I always fail.” But the optimist looks for other 8 . Negative or positive, you are what you think. If people feel hopeless they don’t 9 to acquire the skills they need to succeed. A sense of control is the real test for 10 . The optimist feels in control of his own life. If things are going badly, he 11 quickly, looking for solutions, forming a new plan of action, and 12 for advice. The pessimist feels like a toy of fate and moves slowly. He doesn’t seek advice, since he 13 nothing can be done. Many studies suggest that the pessimist’s feeling of helplessness 14 the body’s immune system. The pessimist doesn’t take good care of himself. Feeling passive and unable to avoid life’s 15 , he expects ill health and other misfortunes, no matter what he does. He eats junk food, avoids exercise, and 16 the doctor. Most people are a(n) 17 of optimism and pessimism, but are in favor of one direction or the other. It is a pattern of 18 learned at our mothers’ knees. It grows out of thousands of cautions or 19 , negative statements or positive ones. Pessimism is a hard habit to 20 but it can be done. So, if you are a pessimist, there are ways.... 語(yǔ)篇解讀：做一個(gè)樂(lè)觀的人如果改變你的思想，從悲觀到樂(lè)觀，你可以改變你的生命。 1.A. specific B. scientific C. physical D. universal 【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)下文出現(xiàn)的“researchers, research”等字眼，可以推斷“這個(gè)問(wèn)題”與科學(xué)(scientific)有關(guān)。 2. A. help B. force C. forbid D. train 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)下文出現(xiàn)的“to be happier, healthier and more successful”等積極字眼，可以推斷“樂(lè)觀可以幫助(幫助)你變得更快樂(lè)，更健康，更成功”。 3.A. for instance B. at best C. after all D. by contrast 【答案】D 【解析】by contrast對(duì)比起來(lái)，相比之下。與上文的“樂(lè)觀”進(jìn)行比較。 4.A. patience B. carelessness C. passion D. depression 【答案】D 【解析】與下文“l(fā)oneliness and painful shyness孤獨(dú)以及痛苦的害羞”能夠并列的應(yīng)該是“depression抑郁”。 研究表明，樂(lè)觀可以幫助你變得更快樂(lè)，更健康，更成功。比較而言，悲觀導(dǎo)致沒(méi)有希望、疾病和失敗，并且和抑郁、孤獨(dú)以及痛苦的害羞有聯(lián)系。 5.A. severe B. mental C. terminal D. normal 【答案】B 6.A. challenges B. contradicts C. affects D. abuses 【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù)下文的敘述可以知道“你的習(xí)慣很重要，但是你能成功的信念也會(huì)影響(affects)結(jié)果?！? 7.A. correct B. fort C. balance D. blame 【答案】D 【解析】根據(jù)下文：“I’m not good at this,” he says. “I always fail.”(“我這方面不行。”“我總是失敗。”他會(huì)這么說(shuō))可以知道這里是指“責(zé)備自己”。 8.A. excuses B. opportunities C. explanations D. advantages 【答案】C 【解析】上文說(shuō)“當(dāng)事情出了問(wèn)題的時(shí)候，悲觀者往往會(huì)責(zé)備自己”，那么“樂(lè)觀者”會(huì)怎么做呢？他或她應(yīng)該是尋找其他的原因即：解釋(explanations)。 9.A. bother B. agree C. argue D. hesitate 【答案】A 【解析】bother to do sth.費(fèi)心做某事。如果人們覺(jué)得無(wú)望，他們是不會(huì)費(fèi)勁地去獲取成功所需的技能的。 本段譯文：你的習(xí)慣很重要，但是你能成功的信念也會(huì)影響結(jié)果。當(dāng)事情出了問(wèn)題的時(shí)候，悲觀者往往會(huì)責(zé)備自己?！拔疫@方面不行。”“我總是失敗。”他會(huì)這么說(shuō)。但是樂(lè)觀者會(huì)尋找其他的解釋。消極還是積極，你想的是什么你就是什么。如果人們覺(jué)得無(wú)望，他們是不會(huì)費(fèi)勁地去獲取成功所需的技能的。 10.A. ambition B. success C. conscience D. wisdom 【答案】B 【解析】這是本段的主題句。下文所說(shuō)的都是“成功(success)與否”的因素。 11.A. runs B. acts C. quits D. turns 【答案】B 【解析】下文中的“action”提示答案。如果事情正變得糟糕，他會(huì)迅速行動(dòng)。 12.A. turning up B. making up C. looking out D. reaching out 【答案】D 13.A. suspects B. denies C. assumes D. pretends 【答案】C 【解析】這里是指“悲觀者”的思想認(rèn)識(shí)。assume假定，認(rèn)為。因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為無(wú)計(jì)可施，所以才“不尋求他人建議”。 14.A. weakens B. restores C. improves D. defends 【答案】A 【解析】“悲觀者的無(wú)助的感覺(jué)”顯然對(duì)“人體的免疫系統(tǒng)”沒(méi)有好處，也就是說(shuō)“削弱(weaken)了人體免疫系統(tǒng)的功能”。 15.A. aims B. gifts C. blesses D. blows 【答案】D 【解析】下文所說(shuō)的都與“blows打擊”有關(guān)。 16.A. consults B. ignores C. misunderstand D. follows 【答案】B 【解析】跟上文“吃垃圾食品，不做體育鍛煉”相起并論的應(yīng)該是“忽視(ignores)醫(yī)生的建議”。 本段譯文：控制感是對(duì)成功的真正的考驗(yàn)。樂(lè)觀者覺(jué)得能控制自己的生活。如果事情正變得糟糕，他會(huì)迅速行動(dòng)，尋求解決措施，形成一個(gè)新的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，并且向別人尋求建議。而悲觀主義者會(huì)覺(jué)得命運(yùn)弄人，不能迅速行動(dòng)。他不尋求他人建議，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為無(wú)計(jì)可施。許多研究表明，悲觀者的無(wú)助的感覺(jué)會(huì)削弱人體的免疫系統(tǒng)的功能。悲觀者不能好好照顧自己。悲觀者表現(xiàn)被動(dòng)，感覺(jué)無(wú)法躲避生活的打擊，不論做什么對(duì)未來(lái)都有疾病和不行發(fā)生這樣的預(yù)期。他們通?？偝岳称?，不做體育鍛煉，對(duì)醫(yī)生的建議置之不理。 17.A. result B. option C. mix D. image 【答案】C 【解析】大部分人都是樂(lè)觀和悲觀的混合體(mix)。 18.A. thinking B. behavior C. expression D. plaining 【答案】A 【解析】“樂(lè)觀和悲觀”都與人的“思維/思考(thinking)”有關(guān)。 19.A. pressures B. favours C. criticisms D. encouragements 【答案】D 20.A. develop B. assess C. break D. understand 【答案】C 【解析】break a habit打破一個(gè)習(xí)慣。 本段譯文：大部分人都是樂(lè)觀和悲觀的混合體，但是會(huì)傾向于一個(gè)或另一個(gè)方向。它是一種在我們孩提時(shí)代就習(xí)得的思考模式。它是從數(shù)千次的警告或鼓勵(lì)、消極話語(yǔ)或積極話語(yǔ)中成長(zhǎng)起來(lái)的。太多的“不要”和危險(xiǎn)的警告可能會(huì)使一個(gè)孩子覺(jué)得無(wú)能、恐懼和悲觀。悲觀是一種難以打破的習(xí)慣，但是這是可以做到的。以，如果你是悲觀主義者，有……的方法。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．That guy was a dangerous person. You should watch out at him. 答案：at→for 2．There exist a generation gap between the young and the old. 答案：exist→exists 3．More importantly, I found it was my turn start looking after my father. 答案：在start前加to 4．The newly broadened square is three times large than the previous one. 答案：large→larger 5．Tired as I was, in fact, I was prevented sleeping by the pain in my knee. 答案：sleeping前加from 五、單元語(yǔ)法——主語(yǔ)從句 1．(2018江蘇蘇州期中)How strange is that the students are so quiet in the classroom! 答案：it 2．It is not immediately clear the housing price will go down in 2020. 答案：whether 3．(2018山東濟(jì)南一中月考)In my opinion, matters is whether we can win together as a team instead of individuals. 答案：what 4．Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was probably around 1565. 答案：when 5．(2018江蘇鹽城檢測(cè))—The manager finally agreed to our new marketing proposals. —It never occurred to me you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 答案：that