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The United Kingdom 一、閱讀理解。 Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to acplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos. Ethos is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One mon way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field. After all, you’re more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman. Pathos is a speaker’s way of connecting with an audiences emotions. For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money. Logos is the use of facts, statistics or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”. Although ethos, pathos and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. So, the next time you listen to a speech, watch a mercial or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion. 1.What is the purpose of persuasion? A. To advise somebody to support you. B. To help someone have special skill C. To convince somebody to realize his aim. D. To talk someone into being honest. 2.What is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience to trust him? A. Pathos. B. Ethos. C. Logos. D. Education. 3.What do a politician and an animal charity have in mon? A. Both prevent themselves from being hurt. B. Both save people from terrible wars. C. Both make the audience support them. D. Both persuade people to donate money. 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Convince the Audience B. Three Basic Tools of Persuasion C. Believe Me D. Strength of Persuasion 【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了源自于古希臘且一直沿用至今的說服他人的藝術(shù)，其中包括ethos、pathos、logos三種方式以及用這三種方式說服他人在各個領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用的可能性。 1.A 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句話“Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to acplish.”可知，說服是為了建議人們支持你。故選A。 3.C 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war.”和最后一句“Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.”可知，政治家可能會說他會獨自一人從可拍的戰(zhàn)爭中挽救一個國家為了說服觀眾為他投票，動物慈善機構(gòu)向觀眾展示受傷的貓或者狗的圖片是為了讓觀眾感到可憐，更可能捐款。因此可知，政治家和慈善機構(gòu)的共同之處是他們都想讓聽眾支持他們。故選C。 4.B 【解析】標(biāo)題判斷題。縱觀全文可知，文章主要介紹了說服人的藝術(shù)，包括ethos、pathos、logos三中不同的方式，以及這三種方式在各個領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用的可能性。因此推斷B項“說服的三種基本方式”為最佳標(biāo)題，概況了文章中心主旨。故選B。 二、單句語法填空 1. To his great (delighted)，his son passed the College Entrance Examination with firstclass honors. 答案：delight 2．A number of visitors from all over the world are by the scenery.(attract) 答案：attracted; attractive 3．(2018大同質(zhì)量檢測)The printing machines are always breaking ， which annoys him a lot. 答案：down 4．It is strange that the wellbehaved gentleman (be) so rude to that old lady. 答案：(should) be 5．Any help from you will be greatly appreciated. Please give me a reply at your earliest (convenient)． 答案：convenience 6．With their wedding approaching, they are busy making good (arrange) for it. 答案：arrangements 7． (divide) into four groups, the whole class began to discuss the topic. 答案：Divided 8．The football team, (consist) of 22 players and three coaches, was set up about 3 years ago. 答案：consisting 9．In the job interviews, job applicants often find themselves (ask) unexpected questions, some very difficult to answer. 答案：asked 10．We paid a visit to Guilin, whose beauty was beyond (describe)． 答案：description 三、完形填空。 On the night of October 16th，ing up at ten oclock, my mother prepared what would be my fathers last meal.That week he worked __1__ shifts.He started at midnight. Just after 2 am，the group went for coffee.There was a __2__ that always had to be operated and he said，“Its okay.You guys all __3__ and Ill work it.” The machine would __4__ quickly，occasionally，for one moment Dad made a __5__—he didnt pay attention, and his head was stuck in the machine.In panic，the workers __6__ back and cut the base of the machine and transported it with him in the ambulance. Mother was __7__ that there was an accident and to meet at the __8__.My oldest brother Ken，then sixteen, __9__mother there，and my other brother Bob，then fourteen，stayed with me at home.Father died on the road. When we were overe with the __10__，a spokesperson for the hospital __11__ my mother if they could take one of my fathers eyes—they had a person __12__ it.My mother replied，“Yes！” Years later，in the late summer，I was at the Woodlawn Cemetery where my fathers body rests.As I finished __13__ and stood，a man from behind me said，“How are you now，F(xiàn)rank？” Knowing only the __14__，and his friends and coworkers called him “Frank”，I __15__ thought that this man must have __16__ him.As I turned to face him，I replied，“Hes my father.” This man，F(xiàn)rank Bazylak，as I would learn later，replied, “I __17__ with your father for a short time，just over a year，but he made an impact on my life.He was so powerful，so __18__ and so giving.You know，he wasnt meant to be there that day.But that was Frank.” Almost four decades later and from a __19__，there in the cemetery.Id heard __20__ stories about my father. 1．A.morning B．noon C．night D．a(chǎn)fternoon 2．A.duty B．job C．truck D．machine 3．A.stay B．go C．hide D．watch 4．A.move B．break C．change D．fly 5．A.decision B．difference C．life D．mistake 6．A.walked B．rushed C．looked D．turned 7．A.warned B．minded C．informed D．threatened 8．A.factory B．office C．hospital D．workplace 9．A.forted B．urged C．calmed D．drove 10．A.sorrow B．incident C．trouble D．treatment 11．A.suggested B．a(chǎn)sked C．puzzled D．embarrassed 12．A.caring about B．suffering from C．turning to D．waiting for 13．A.blessing B．missing C．praying D．chatting 14．A.family B．doctors C．pany D．policemen 15．A.slowly B．quickly C．nervously D．carefully 16．A.respected B．loved C．recognized D．known 17．A.discussed B．quarreled C．worked D．a(chǎn)greed 18．A.clever B．considerate C．modest D．strict 19．A.stranger B．friend C．colleague D．brother 20．A.wonderful B．cheerful C．sad D．false 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者的爸爸在工廠發(fā)生事故后去世，媽媽在醫(yī)院同意捐獻他的一只眼睛。最后通過與一位陌生人的對話說明了父親的美德。 【核心詞匯】shift n．輪班　operate v．操作，動手術(shù)　occasionally adv.偶爾，間或　stuck adj.卡住的，無法移動的　panic n．恐慌　transport v．運輸　overe vt.克服，控制　coworker n．同事　impact n．作用，影響　decade n．十年 1．C　根據(jù)第一段第一句中的“On the night”和空后的“He started at midnight”可知，爸爸應(yīng)該是上夜班。所以選C。 2．D　根據(jù)空后的“had to be operated”和“Ill work it”可知，此處應(yīng)是一臺機器需要一直有人操作。另外第三段第一句中的“The machine would __4__ quickly”也是提示。 3．B　根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“the group went for coffee”以及最后一句中的“Ill work it”可推斷，此處指離開(去喝咖啡)，故選B項。 4．A　根據(jù)語境可知，此處是指這臺機器運轉(zhuǎn)(move)很快。 5．D　根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可知，此處指爸爸犯了一個錯誤。 6．B　根據(jù)上文可知，其他人都去喝咖啡了，所以爸爸的頭卡在機器里時，他們應(yīng)該是快速趕(rushed)回。 7．C　根據(jù)常識可知，爸爸發(fā)生事故，這時應(yīng)是通知媽媽到醫(yī)院去，所以選C。warn“警告，提醒”；mind“介意”；inform“告知，通知”；threaten“威脅，恐嚇”。 8．C　參見上題解析。 9．D　根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合選項可知，媽媽要到醫(yī)院去，所以哥哥開車送媽媽去那里。fort“安慰”；urge“催促”；calm“使平靜”；drive“駕車送(人)”。 10．A　根據(jù)上文可知，父親的去世使我們處于悲痛之中。be overe with...“受到……的極大影響”。 11．B　根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可知，此處應(yīng)是詢問(asked)媽媽的意見。puzzle“使困惑”；embarrass“使窘迫”。 12．D　根據(jù)語境可以推斷，此處是指一個病人(一直)在等待(waiting for)(有人捐獻)眼睛來治療(自己的眼睛)。care about“關(guān)心”；suffer from“遭受”；turn to“轉(zhuǎn)向，求助于”。 13．C　根據(jù)空前的“at the Woodlawn Cemetery”并結(jié)合生活常識可知，“我”在墓地完成禱告(praying)。bless“祝福，保佑”。 14．A　根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容并結(jié)合語境可知，“我”知道只有家人、爸爸的朋友和同事叫他Frank。所以選項A符合語境。pany“同伴”。 15．B　根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，“我”應(yīng)是迅速地(quickly)認為這個人一定是認識(known)爸爸的。nervously“神經(jīng)緊張地”。 16．D　參見上題解析。 17．C　根據(jù)空后的“for a short time，just over a year, but he made an impact on my life”和下文中的“he wasnt meant to be there that day”可推知，這個人應(yīng)該是爸爸的同事，所以空處應(yīng)指與爸爸一起工作過。quarrel“吵架”。 18．B　根據(jù)空前的“powerful”和空后的“giving”同時結(jié)合上文已經(jīng)介紹的爸爸讓所有的同事去喝咖啡，自己一個人留下操作機器以及倒數(shù)第二段最后一句可知，爸爸也是一個體貼的(considerate)人。modest“謙虛的”。 19．A　根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二至三段可知，“我”在墓地遇到的人于“我”而言是一位陌生人。colleague“同事”。 20．A　本段是結(jié)尾段，也是全文的總結(jié)性段落，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了爸爸的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)。故此處應(yīng)指“我”聽到了令人驚嘆的故事。wonderful“令人驚嘆的”符合語境。 四、單句改錯 1．Worry that he might lose his job, Peter always works extra hours to please his boss. 答案：Worry→Worried 2．When first was introduced to the market, these products enjoyed great success. 答案：去掉was 3．I cannot tell you how delighting I was with the beautiful birthday present you gave me. 答案：delighting→delighted 4．Our manager is going to attend an international conference. You can take place of him in his absence. 答案：take后加the 5．The most important words in this sentence have left out, so it doesn’t make any sense. 答案：在left前加been 五、單元語法——過去分詞作賓補 1．(2018四川雅安中學(xué)期末) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see (carry) out the next year. 答案：carried 2．It was a pity that the guests left most of the dishes (untouch)． 答案：untouched 3．They have already had some everyday words (add) to the new edition of the dictionary. 答案：added 4．Alex was listening attentively to the lecture given by Professor Smith，with all his attention (fix) on it. 答案：fixed 5．The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself (hear)． 答案：heard