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Unit 9 Wheels 一、If you have a chance to go to Finland，you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are. Take the taxi drivers for example.Taxis in Finland are mostly highclass Benz with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer.You can go anywhere in one，tell the driver to drop you at any place，say that you have some business to attend to，and then walk off without paying your fare.The driver would not show the least signs of anxiety. The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests，but also serve outside diners.Hotel guests have their meals free，so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals.The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration cards to the waiter.With such a loose check，you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge. The Finnish workers are paid by the hour.They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss at the rate.From then on they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly. With so many loopholes(漏洞) in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “petty_advantages”．But the strange thing is that all the taxi passengers would always e back to pay their fares after they have attended to their business and that not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms.And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in.As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do，living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”． 1．The underlined words in Paragraph 5 means to “________”． A．be ready to help others B．make good use of ones friends C．be a little ahead of others D．gain something at others expense 2．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．While taking a taxi in Finland，you can get off without first paying your fare. B．In a big hotel in Finland, you can enjoy free meals if youre living in the hotel. C．The bosses in Finland pay the employees according to the registration of their working hours. D．The workers are always honest with their working hours. 3．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．the Finnish society is of very high moral(道德的)level B．there are many loopholes in everyday life in Finland C．in Finland，most taxi drivers will not charge you anything D．everyone in Finland is like a gentleman，for they have faith in themselves 4．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．Life in Finland B．A Society with “Foolish” People C．What a Life D．Honest accounts of the Finns 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，主要通過一些例子，介紹了芬蘭人的誠實(shí)，并且誠實(shí)讓他們成為真正的“紳士”。 【難句分析】You can go anywhere in one，tell the driver to drop you at any place，say that you have some business to attend to，and then walk off without paying your fare. 分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中that you have some business to attend to 為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作say的賓語。 譯文：你可以乘一輛出租車去任何地方，告訴司機(jī)讓你在任何地方下車，告訴(司機(jī))你有一些事情要處理，然后不付車費(fèi)就可以離開。 1．D　考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第五段第一句“With so many loopholes(漏洞)in everyday life，surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take ‘petty_advantages’”可知，在日常生活中芬蘭出現(xiàn)了很多的“漏洞”。結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容可知，在芬蘭，如果你告訴出租車司機(jī)你有一些事要處理，你不付車費(fèi)就可以離開；在賓館用舊的登記卡就可以享受免費(fèi)大餐；工人只要告訴老板自己工作的時(shí)長就可以得到相應(yīng)的工資，這些就是“漏洞”。由此可知，芬蘭確實(shí)是那些愛貪小便宜的人的天堂，畫線詞意為“小便宜”，故D項(xiàng)正確。 2．C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第三句“From then on they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly”可知，老板是根據(jù)工人自己所說的工作時(shí)長給工人支付工資的，而不是根據(jù)登記的時(shí)長，所以C項(xiàng)與文意不符，故選C項(xiàng)。根據(jù)第五段第二句可知，你可以先下車離開，等處理完事情后再付車費(fèi)，故A項(xiàng)與文意相符；根據(jù)第三段最后兩句可知，如果你在芬蘭大賓館入住，你可以憑登記卡享受免費(fèi)大餐，故B項(xiàng)與文意相符；根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in”可知，芬蘭工人總是誠實(shí)地匯報(bào)自己實(shí)際的工作時(shí)長，故D項(xiàng)與文意相符。 3．A　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句，并結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，在芬蘭，乘出租車的乘客可以先下車離開，等處理完事情后再付車費(fèi)；沒有在賓館登記入住的人并不會去賓館享受免費(fèi)大餐；工人可以按照自己報(bào)的工作時(shí)長向老板索要工資。因?yàn)榉姨m人總是誠實(shí)地做每一件事，生活在這樣一個社會里，每個人都變成了一個真正的“紳士”。據(jù)此可以判斷，芬蘭社會有著很高的道德水平，故A項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)第五段第一句可知，在日常生活中，芬蘭社會有很多可以讓貪小便宜的人鉆的“漏洞”，這是文章所敘述的事實(shí)，而不是推論出來的內(nèi)容，故B項(xiàng)不符合題意；根據(jù)第五段第二句可知，乘客會在辦完事后支付車費(fèi)，故C項(xiàng)錯誤；根據(jù)文章最后一句可知，芬蘭人總是誠實(shí)地做一切事情，故他們都像紳士，并不是說芬蘭人信任自己，故D項(xiàng)錯誤。 4．B　考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，文章先通過人們認(rèn)為芬蘭人很“愚蠢”引出本文話題，接著舉例介紹了芬蘭人“愚蠢”的情況，最后點(diǎn)明主旨，即芬蘭是一個道德水平很高的國家，人們的誠實(shí)讓他們都成為紳士。據(jù)此可以判斷，B項(xiàng)最適合做文章標(biāo)題。 閱讀理解。 二、閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 (2017廈門質(zhì)量檢測)China’s most famous wall may have been built to keep people away, but a new kind of wall is bringing people a lot 61.____________ (close) together. On January 29，hooks and hangers appeared on the side of a Qingdao building under the words：“If you need it, take it.”This “wall of 62.____________ (kind)”， the creation of local charity Chuangyi Workshop, 63.____________ (invite) passersby to leave their spare warm clothes and encourages those 64.____________ are in need to take them. “It is just like what you do at home.You hang your clothes when you get home.You take them down 65.____________ put them on when you go out，”said Wang Lei，director of Chuangyi Workshop.66.____________ (inspire)by a similar plan in Iran, she put it into practice in China as the country experienced 67.____________ (it) coldest winter in decades. Wang and her colleagues receive lots of clothes from people，especially in winter.She 68.____________ (touch) by people’s generosity.“Some of the clothing is almost new.I don’t even have to wash my hands 69.____________ sorting it.” Many such walls have also appeared in several other Chinese 70.____________ (city)．This simple way of helping people is now making a big difference to society. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文講述了青島一座建筑物墻上的一條標(biāo)語“如果你需要它，就拿走它?！边@其實(shí)是通過向人們收集閑置的衣物來幫助有困難的人御寒過冬的，這也體現(xiàn)出了人性的善良和仁慈。 61．closer　解析：考查形容詞比較級。這里表示一種新的墻正在將人們的距離拉得更近，此處a lot修飾比較級，故應(yīng)填closer。 62．kindness　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。介詞of之后應(yīng)填名詞作賓語，這里指“這面善良之墻”，故應(yīng)填kindness。 63．invites　解析：考查主謂一致及時(shí)態(tài)。本文描述的都是目前的狀況，而且主語為單數(shù)，因此動詞應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故應(yīng)填invites。 64．who　解析：考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞。這里“those”為先行詞，指人，在從句中作主語，所以用who來引導(dǎo)。 65．a(chǎn)nd　解析：考查連詞?！皌ake them down”與“put them on”為并列關(guān)系，同時(shí)作謂語，故應(yīng)填表示并列關(guān)系的連詞and。 66．Inspired　解析：考查非謂語動詞。這里作原因狀語，且inspire與句子的主語she之間為被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填過去分詞形式inspired，注意首字母大寫。 67．its　解析：考查形容詞性物主代詞。這里修飾空后的名詞winter，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞its。 68．is touched　解析：考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句子缺少謂語部分，主語“She”與動詞“touch”之間為被動關(guān)系，結(jié)合上下文時(shí)態(tài)可知，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài)，故應(yīng)填is touched。 69．a(chǎn)fter　解析：考查連詞。這里表示在分類之后作者甚至不需要洗手，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的先后順序，應(yīng)填連詞after。 70．cities　解析：考查名詞的數(shù)。根據(jù)前面的修飾詞“several other”可知，應(yīng)填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 三、短文改錯 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 　　 2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。 (2017貴州適應(yīng)性測試)One day，Jack invites some friends to his home for dinner.When none of his friends arrived，he asked them to sitting at the table.He began to count for the people in his mind while they having the delicious food.Suddenly，he cried out：“Oh, they are 13 people here！”Everybody’s face turned white except Mr Brown.He said slowly with the smile on his face：“Don’t be worry, dear friends! We have 14 people here.My wife will have a baby in a few weeks.She’s in the family now.”All of them became happy again.“Congratulations！”We said to Mr and Mrs Brown.They all had a wonderfully time that evening. 答案： One day，Jack some friends to his home for dinner.When of his friends arrived，he asked them to at the table.He began to count the people in his mind while they having the delicious food.Suddenly，he cried out：“Oh, are 13 people here！”Everybody’s face turned white except Mr Brown.He said slowly with smile on his face：“Don’t / ， dear friends! We have 14 people here.My wife will have a baby in a few weeks.She’s in the family now.”All of them became happy again.“Congratulations！” said to Mr and Mrs Brown.They all had a time that evening. 四、七選五。 Traditional Chinese Culture Chinese culture is over 5，000 years old. 1.___________ The spirit of the tea ceremony Xihu Longjing （West Lake Dragon Well） and Yunnan Pu’er have long been world famous. 2.___________ The spirit of the Chinese tea ceremony captures the Chinese attitude towards life and spirituality. These are the things that people all over the world can benefit from. A handful of good tea leaves with some boiling water and a set of lovely tea ware are the perfect way to spend a sunny afternoon and gain some insights into the wisdom of that ancient civilization. 3.___________ During the 5，000 years of Chinese civilization， many different flavors， styles， and cuisines（烹飪） have developed， based on traditional philosophy and culture. This ancient food culture has had a direct impact on the countries such as Japan， Mongolia， South Korea， Thailand， and Singapore. It has benefited billions of people around the world through innovations such as Chinese vegetarian culture， tea culture， vinegar， pasta， medicinal diets， ceramic tableware， and the use of soybeans in the diet. Confucianism Confucianism emphasizes peacefulness and harmony between heaven and humanity， through pursuing the “Tao”， which is the harmonization between nature and mankind. It advocates harmony and moderation， including the harmony between individuals， as well as the harmony between a man and his inner self. Confucianism has flourished during the last 2，500 years of China’s 5，000year history. 4.___________ This school of thought has had the most profound and long lasting influence in China’s history. Seventyfour Nobel Prize winners and many other highly respected scholars have stated that for the benefit of mankind’s livelihood and development into the next century， these teachings should be promoted and adopted worldwide. 5.___________ A.Chinese cuisine B.Traditional Chinese culture C.It has been the mainstay of that ancient civilization. D.They are pretty popular due to their superior color and flavor. E.The following three items of traditional Chinese culture have had a worldwide impact. F.This wonderfully rich food culture has also had an impact on Europe， America and Oceania. G.This would provide long lasting benefits for man，helping to ensure a peaceful and happy life. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要介紹了中國特色傳統(tǒng)文化。 1.E　解析：承接上文“Chinese culture is over 5，000 years old.”并與下文介紹的三個傳統(tǒng)文化的代表呼應(yīng)，此處起承上啟下的作用，導(dǎo)入本文所要介紹的主題：中國富有特色的傳統(tǒng)文化。所以選E項(xiàng)。 2.D　解析：承接上文“Xihu Longjing （West Lake Dragon Well） and Yunnan Pu’er have long been world famous.”，空處解釋了茶文化流行的原因，所以選D項(xiàng)。 3.A　解析：空處是本段的小標(biāo)題，由下文的“During the 5，000 years of Chinese civilization， many different flavors， styles， and cuisines（烹飪） have developed， based on traditional philosophy and culture.”可推知，本段主要講的是中國的烹飪文化，所以選A項(xiàng)。 4.C　解析：根據(jù)上文的“Confucianism has flourished during the last 2，500 years of China’s 5，000year history.”可推知，空處講的是儒家思想在中國的重要地位，故選C項(xiàng)。 5.G　解析：根據(jù)上文的“Seventyfour Nobel Prize winners and many other highly respected scholars have stated that for the benefit of mankind’s livelihood and development into the next century”可知，儒家思想會給人類帶來福祉，所以選G項(xiàng)。 五、書面表達(dá) (2017太原一模)假如你叫Mary，晚上要去參加你班同學(xué)的生日聚會。請你編一條微信發(fā)送給你的媽媽，詳細(xì)告知以下內(nèi)容： 1．晚飯已做好； 2．已幫她簽收快遞； 3．鄰居趙阿姨來電約她晚飯后去公園散步。 參考詞匯：快遞員deliveryman；快遞express parcel 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫； 3．開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 Dear Mom， ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Love， Mary One possible version： Dear_Mom， I’m attending the birthday party of my classmate this evening，as you know.Before leaving, I have something to let you know. Your express parcel arrived at four this afternoon, which is right on the sofa in the living room.Besides, I’ve prepared your favorite porridge for supper.Ten minutes ago, our next door neighbor Aunt Zhao called to invite you to go for a walk with her in the park after supper.I suggest you walk a bit, for it will do you good. Enjoy your dinner and have fun in the park! I’ll be back before 10 p．m. Love， Mary