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第三講　冠詞 第一課時　知識過關(guān)課 讀語篇，悟語法。反復(fù)朗讀下列短文，領(lǐng)悟畫線黑體部分的冠詞用法。 Tom，a[1] classmate of mine, is a[2] Lei Feng in our class, who is always ready to help others. Henry, whose father is a[3] teacher, is considered to be the[4] most diligent student in our class, who is the first one to get to school and the[5] last one to leave every day.He believes the harder you study the[6] more knowledge you’ll get. Tom likes watching TV while Henry enjoys listening to the[7] radio. Both of them are working for the[8] Students’ Union. They are of an[9] age and I am a[10] year older than they are. We are good friends because we have a[11] lot in mon. First of all, the three of us were born in the[12] 1990s. Secondly, we all like playing the[13] violin and love sports. We play football twice a[14] week even if we are now in Senior Grade Three.Thirdly, we not only respect teachers and the elderly but also care for the[15] disabled. For example, we often go to a village near our school to look after the[16] Browns, both of whom were lamed in an accident. I remember that on a[17] Saturday afternoon we chatted with the Browns so happily that we didn’t go back home until the[18]__sun set. 1.泛指的一個，用不定冠詞。 2.表示“像……一樣的人”，用不定冠詞。 3.職業(yè)身份前，表示類別，用不定冠詞。 4.形容詞最高級前用定冠詞。 5.序數(shù)詞前用定冠詞。 6.構(gòu)成句式：the more...the more...(越……就越……)。 7.表類屬。 8.普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前用定冠詞。 9.表示“同一”，用不定冠詞。 10.表示數(shù)量“一”，用不定冠詞。 11.構(gòu)成短語a lot。 12.在逢整數(shù)的基數(shù)詞前表示年代，用定冠詞。 13.在表示演奏play后，西洋樂器名詞前，用定冠詞。 14.表示“每一”，用不定冠詞。 15.用在形容詞或分詞前表示一類人，用定冠詞。 16.用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前表示某夫婦或一家人，用定冠詞。 17.表示“某一”，用不定冠詞。 18.在獨(dú)一無二的事物前，用定冠詞。 Ⅰ.單句填空(用a，an或the填空) 1.I sat next to the man and introduced myself.We had an amazing conversation. 2.A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water.The water was sweet. 3.Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not a pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet... 4....the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage. 5.—It’s said that John will be in a job paying over $60, 000 a year. —Right, he will also get paid by the week. 6.Take your time—it’s just a short distance from here to the restaurant. 7.First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get a second chance to make a first impression. 8.We can never expect a bluer sky unless we create a less polluted world. 9.This area experienced the heaviest rainfall in the month of May. 10.It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park.It was a three－h(huán)our journey. Ⅱ.單句改錯(下列每句中有一處錯誤，每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改，請指出并改正。) 1.In China, more and more children are learning to play piano nowadays.在play后加the 2.There is no doubt that little Tom is a honest boy.a→an 3.Out of the curiosity, he opened the novel.去掉Out__of后的the 4.I didn’t have own room till my sister left for college.在own前加my 5.The moment he saw her, he opened arms and hugged her.在arms前加his 6.A selfie(自拍照)is a type of self－portrait photograph, typically taken with hand－h(huán)eld digital camera or camera phone.在with后加a 7.The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered what a boy would do.第二個boy前的a→the 8.70% of students surveyed hold the view that rules can help the public make the right choices, and remain safe.在students前加the 9.Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in same home？在same前加the 10.Karl Marx began to learn English in the fifties.the→his Ⅲ.語篇填空(在空格處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~，使文章結(jié)構(gòu)完整，語意通順。) Today our school organized all the students to take part in 1.________ report at the meeting room in our school.Albert，2.________ ordinary man, delivered a speech on how to learn English. Albert，3.________ professor in Beijing University, graduated from 4.________ English Department of Oxford University in 1985. He said we should form 5.________ habit of previewing English, and this would help us to perform well in class. When we study English in class, we must be earnest and active. If so，we can absorb 6.________ large amount of knowledge. After class, we should read more English passages, which is important for the English learners. By doing this, we are not only informed what happens in 7.________ world，but we can also review 8.________ large number of former words. After 9.________ period of time, we should also sort out our notes and go over what we have learned. In 10.________ word, English isn’t difficult to learn, as long as we do what he told us. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】 主要是講同學(xué)們通過聽Albert教授的講座，學(xué)到了一些學(xué)習(xí)英語的方法。 1.a　[泛指，是指一個報告。] 2.an　[ordinary是由元音音標(biāo)開頭，故用an。an ordinary man“一位普通人”。] 3.a　[泛指，這里指Albert是北京大學(xué)的“一名”教授。] 4.the　[由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前用定冠詞。] 5.the　[受表示特指的of短語修飾，form the habit of意為“養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣”。] 6.a　[固定搭配a large amount of意為“許多”，與不可數(shù)名詞連用。] 7.the　[世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物要用定冠詞。] 8.a　[固定搭配a large number of意為“許多”，與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用。] 9.a　[a period of意為“一段時間”。] 10.a　[固定搭配in a word意為“總之”。] 第二課時　高考研究課 冠詞在語法填空中的考查點(diǎn) 規(guī)律方法 1. 位置因素：名詞前，有時在形容詞前(表示一類人)。 2．設(shè)題特點(diǎn)：該考查點(diǎn)常常以自由填空的形式出現(xiàn)。 3．語境信息：在確定應(yīng)該填冠詞的前提下，根據(jù)語境分析所填冠詞的類型。 4．牢記固定搭配中的冠詞。 真題驗(yàn)證1 1．This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over ________ top.(2017全國卷Ⅱ) 答案　the　[top是名詞，前面要用冠詞，此處特指在挖的路的上面，所以用定冠詞the。] 2．As ________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.(2017全國卷Ⅰ) 答案　a　[as a result因此，為固定搭配。] 3．But unlike her school friends，16－year－old Sarah is not spending half－term resting. Instead，she is earning ￡6，500 a day as ________ model in New York.(2017全國卷Ⅲ) 答案　a　[此處句意為“作為紐約的一名模特”，在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞model前應(yīng)該使用不定冠詞a，表示“一，一名”。] 4．For Pahlsson, its return was ________ wonder.(2017浙江卷) 答案　a　[此處wonder為可數(shù)名詞，表示“奇跡，奇事”，此處為泛指，故要用不定冠詞a。] 5．Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.(2016全國卷Ⅱ) 答案　a　[短語搭配for a while意為：一會兒。] 6．The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle－fed，________ other is with mum—she never suspects. (2016全國卷Ⅰ) 答案　the　[one...the other...意為：一個……；另外一個……。] 7. ________ prize for the winner of the petition is a two－week holiday in Paris.(2016浙江卷改編) 答案　The　[名詞prize后有限制性定語，故應(yīng)使用the表示特指。] 8. Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned ________ farm, which looked almost abandoned.(2015廣東卷) 答案　a　[由語境可知此處表示泛指 “一座農(nóng)場”。] 9．Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be ________ Beethoven. (2015四川卷改編) 答案　a　[由語境可知此處表示泛指，a Beethoven 意為“一個和貝多芬才華相當(dāng)?shù)娜恕?。] 10. The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ________ most modern of architects and engineers.(2015全國卷Ⅱ) 答案　the　[由most可知此處應(yīng)該填the，表示最高級。] 冠詞在短文改錯中的考查點(diǎn) 規(guī)律方法 1．定位分析：名詞前是否應(yīng)該有冠詞——①填上必要冠詞；②刪掉多余冠詞。 2．語境分析：名詞前冠詞是否正確——誤用冠詞改正。 真題驗(yàn)證2 1．They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.(2017全國卷Ⅱ)________ 答案　第二句about后的a→an/one　[hour以元音音素開頭，且是可數(shù)名詞，所以表示一個小時用an/one hour。] 2．I still remember how hard first day was.(2017全國卷Ⅰ)________ 答案　hard后面加the/my　[此處特指我學(xué)習(xí)開車的第一天，所以在first day前面加the/my。] 3．Around me in picture are the things which were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.(2017全國卷Ⅲ)________ 答案　在picture之前加the或this　[此處特指作者提到的這張照片，故在名詞前加定冠詞the或指示代詞this。] 4. My uncle says that he never dreams of being rich in the short period of time.(2016全國卷Ⅰ)________ 答案　the→a　[a short period of time意為：一段短暫的時間；此處使用不定冠詞表示泛指。] 5．But in that case, we will learn little about world.(2016全國卷Ⅱ)________ 答案　world前加the　[world前面常常加定冠詞表示“全世界”。] 6. At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.(2016全國卷Ⅲ)________ 答案　去掉the　[短語搭配at first意為：最初。] 7．One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parents... A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop. (2015全國卷Ⅱ)________ 答案　outside后的a→the　[此處shop為第二次出現(xiàn)，故使用定冠詞表示特指。] 8. I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.(2015浙江卷)________ 答案　hurry前加a　[短語in a hurry意為：急忙；匆忙。] 9．As result, the plants are growing everywhere.(全國卷Ⅰ)________ 答案　As后加a　[短語搭配as a result意為：結(jié)果。] 10．That day I didn’t learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity！(陜西卷)________ 答案　a→an　[impressive lesson為元音音素開頭，故使用an。] 第三課時　寫作增分課 冠詞在寫作中的增分點(diǎn) 一、遇到名詞要考慮前面冠詞是特指還是類指 1．水對于我們生活很重要，因此我們要盡我們最大的努力來阻止它被污染。(be important to, do our best, prevent... from, pollute) Water__is__important__to__our__life,__so__we__must__do__our__best__to__prevent__it__from__being__polluted. 2．我的家鄉(xiāng)附近那條河里的水已經(jīng)被嚴(yán)重污染。我們要求政府盡早采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧﹣肀Ｗo(hù)它。(be polluted seriously, demand, the government, take appropriate measures, as soon as) The__water__in__the__river__near__my__hometown__has__been__polluted__seriously.We__demand__the__government__take__appropriate__measures__to__protect__it__as__soon__as__possible. 3．都說老師們過著簡樸的生活，但我認(rèn)為當(dāng)老師很有意義。(be said to, live a simple life, be a teacher, meaningful) Teachers__are__said__to__live__a__simple__life,__but__I__think__being__a__teacher__is__meaningful. 4．計算機(jī)在我們生活中扮演著越來越重要的角色。(puter, play a part/role in) The__puter__plays__a__more__and__more__important__part/role__in__our__life或puters play__a__more__and__more__important__part/role__in__our__life. 5．中午的時候在沒有任何保護(hù)措施的情況下直視太陽對我們的眼睛有害。(be harmful to, look straight at, without any protection) It__is__harmful__to__our__eyes__to__look__straight__at__the__sun__without__any__protection__at__noon. 二、活用不定冠詞a，an 1．就在那時，有一個七歲的小女孩正步行穿越馬路。(there be, walk across) Just__then,__there__was__a__seven－year－old__girl__walking across the street. 2．要學(xué)好英語，一本好的詞典是必需的。(dictionary, a must) To__learn__English__well,__a__good__dictionary__is__a__must. 三、掌握好名詞前用the的各種情況 1．會議將于周四下午三點(diǎn)到四點(diǎn)在位于3號樓四樓的402房間舉行。(be held) The__meeting__will__be__held__in__Room__402__on__the__fourth__floor__of__Building__3__from__3__pm__to__4__pm__on__Thursday__afternoon. 2．她的歌曲在年輕人和老年人中都很受歡迎。(be popular with, as well as) Her__songs__are__very__popular__with__the__young__as__well__as__the__old. 3．那座廟建于清代，已經(jīng)有七百多年的歷史了。它在20世紀(jì)90年代由政府出資修繕過。(build, dynasty, the temple, a history of, restore, government, at one’s expense) Built__in__the__Qing__dynasty,__the__temple__has__a__history__of__700__years.__It__was__restored__at__the__government’s__expense__in__the__1990s. 4．他拉住我的手說：“你幫助我，我真的很感激?！?take sb by, be grateful to sb for, help out) He__took__me__by__the__hand__and__said,__“I’m__really__grateful__to__you__for__helping__me__out.”