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Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars 【閱讀理解插花】 The more hours young children spend in child care, the more likely they are to turn out aggressive and disobedient by the time they are in kindergarten, according to the largest study of child care and development ever conducted. Researchers said this correlation(相關(guān)性) held true regardless of whether the children came from rich or poor homes, were looked after by a relative or at a center, and whether they were girls or boys. What is uncertain, however, is whether the child care actually causes the problem or whether children likely to turn out aggressive happen to be those who spend more hours in child care. It also remains unclear whether reducing the amount of time in child care will reduce the risk that a child will turn into a mean person. What’s more, quality child care is associated with increased skills in intellectual ability such as language and memory, leading some academics to suggest that child care turns out children who are “smart and naughty”. The government-sponsored research, which has tracked more than 1, 300 children at 10 sites across the country since 1991, is bound to cause the debate over child care again: How should people balance work and family? And how should parents, especially mothers, resolve the demands that are placed on them to be both breadwinners and supermoms? That debate was already on display at a new briefing yesterday, where researchers themselves had different opinions about the data and its implications(含義). “There is a constant relationship between time in child care and problem behavior, especially those involving aggression, ” said Jay Belsky of Birkbeck College in London, one of the lead investigators of the study who has previously annoyed women’s groups because of his criticisms of child care. “On behalf of fathers or mothers? ” interrupted Sarah Friedman, a developmental psychologist at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and one of the other lead scientists on the study. “On behalf of parents and families, ” responded Belsky. “NICHD is not willing to get into policy remendations, ” said Friedman, contradicting her colleague. “There are other possibilities that can be entertained. Yes it is a quick solution—more hours in child care is associated with more problems. The easy solution is to cut the number of hours but that may have implications for the family that may not be beneficial for the development of the children in terms of economics. ” In an interview after the briefing, Friedman said that asking parents to work fewer hours and spend more time with their children usually meant a loss of family ine, which adversely(不利地)affects children. Scientists said that the study was highly reliable. But the researchers said they had no idea whether the behavioral difficulties persisted as the children moved to higher grades. 【文章大意】本文講述兒童早期在托管所的成長對孩子的心理有負(fù)面影響。 1. Children who spend more time in quality child care will ________. A. develop greater ability in language B. be easy to manage and less naughty C. possess great risk-taking spirit D. be greedy and mean to their classmates 【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的“What’s more, quality child care is associated with increased skills. . . ”可知A項培養(yǎng)更強的語言能力表述正確。 2. What is still unknown about the children in kindergarten? A. Whether higher level of aggressiveness can be avoided with longer child care. B. Where longer child care equally affects children from different families. C. Whether aggressiveness is a direct result of longer child care. D. Whether longer child care improves intellectual ability in children. 【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“What is uncertain, however, is whether the child care actually causes the problem or whether children likely to turn out aggressive happen to be those who spend more hours in child care. (不確定的是, 是否托管所真能導(dǎo)致這些問題, 以及是否可能有攻擊性的孩子剛好是那些在托管所里待時間長的孩子。)”可知, 答案C(攻擊性是否是長時間待在托管所的直接結(jié)果。)和上文表述一致, 故選C。 3. In the fifth paragraph the word “it” probably means “________”. A. NICHD is unwilling to give parents remendations B. NICHD is willing to give policy advice concerning child care C. the number of hours in child care should be reduced significantly D. parents should discipline the behavior of their children more strictly 【解析】選C。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文Jay Belsky的觀點“There is a constant relationship between time in child care and problem behavior, especially those involving aggression, ”(托管時間和問題行為有特定的聯(lián)系, 特別是涉及攻擊性方面)。故這里的it指的是“托管時間應(yīng)該減少”。 教材與語法填空 根據(jù)教材課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 The earth was just a cloud of dust after the “Big Bang”. The earth exploded 1. (loud) with fire and rock. They were in time 2. (produce) many things, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere. As the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. It allowed the earth to dissolve 3. (harm) gases. Then life began to develop. The first extremely small plants multiplied and filled the oceans and seas 4. oxygen. This encouraged the 5. (develop) of early shellfish and fish. Land animals such as insects, reptiles and dinosaurs 6. (appear) after green plants appeared. Small clever animals spread all over the earth. They 7. (put) too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，8. prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.9. life will continue on the earth for millions of years to e will depend on whether this problem can 10. (solve)． 答案：1.loudly　2.to produce　3.harmful　4.with 5．development　6.appeared　7.are putting 8．which　9.Whether　10.be solved 教材與話題寫作 (Ⅰ)用本單元所學(xué)知識完成下列句子。 1．我們能否登上火星依賴于科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展。(land；depend on) 答案：Whether we can land on Mars depends on the development of science and technology. 2．火星上沒有氧氣，晝夜溫差大，這使我們不能生活在那里。(make it＋adj.) 答案：There is no oxygen on Mars and the temperature changes greatly from day to night，and this makes it impossible for us to live there. 3．火星與地球環(huán)境完全不同。(be different from) 答案：The environment of Mars is quite different from that of our earth. 4．如果我們想到火星上住些日子，我們要帶上氧氣、食物、衣服等。(take along...with) 答案：If we want to stay on Mars for a few days，we should take along our own oxygen，food，clothing and so on with us. 5．我堅信不久的將來我們一定能成功地登上火星。(succeed in doing) 答案：I firmly believe that we will succeed in landing on Mars in the near future. (Ⅱ)將以上句子連成短文，要求銜接連貫、過渡自然。 【完形填空插花】 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項。 I lived in Dallas，Texas nearly all my life with my dad，mom and younger brother.We were raised to __1__ others，value education，and get all that we could out of life.My parents always say，“Work __2__ and the world is yours.”They are __3__ without a helpful word of__4__ or a bit of encouragement when life gets__5__. My parents always __6__ me to go to college.However, when I__7__ at 16 years old that Id rather get married to a man __8__ go to college，they never stopped telling me they loved me and I could do anything I wanted to.Thankfully，they persuaded me.I graduated from high school and currently __9__ the University of Oklahoma studying medicine.I want to make the world a__10__ place to live in. Every time I call home to tell them about a grade received in the chemistry lab or__11__ class it is that Im working hardest on for the moment，they tell me how __12__ of me they are.I know there are college kids out there that have no one to __13__ home to when they get an“A”on a project and I feel incredibly__14__ to have my parents.They never__15__ loving me or believing in me. Parents are the best gift that God gives me.__16__ their constant love and encouragement，I wouldnt believe I can __17__ the world.My parents __18__ me to always fight for what I __19__ in.So Im working toward something really great and can only hope I__20__ to make them proud. 1．A.inspire　　　　　B．respect C．guide D．follow 2．A.hard B．solidly C．a(chǎn)ttentively D．intelligently 3．A.sometimes B．a(chǎn)nytime C．ever D．never 4．A.method B．a(chǎn)dvice C．education D．introduction 5．A.tough B．smooth C．bright D．happy 6．A.reminded B．supposed C．designed D．expected 7．A.decided B．hesitated C．judged D．remembered 8．A.but B．a(chǎn)nd C．than D．while 9．A.joined B．a(chǎn)ttended C．served D．a(chǎn)dmitted 10．A.fortable B．suitable C．peaceful D．better 11．A.whenever B．whichever C．wherever D．however 12．A.ashamed B．nervous C．proud D．modest 13．A.go B．run C．return D．call 14．A.blessed B．a(chǎn)nnoyed C．praised D．relaxed 15．A.stopped B．helped C．blamed D．prevented 16．A.With B．Without C．Under D．Beneath 17．A.change B．destroy C．conquer D．challenge 18．A.forced B．ordered C．a(chǎn)llowed D．taught 19．A.enjoy B．work C．believe D．live 20．A.want B．wish C．have D．continue 【解題導(dǎo)語】爸爸、媽媽、弟弟和“我”住在達(dá)拉斯，父母教育我們要尊重別人，重視教育，他們的愛和鼓勵對“我”意義重大。 1．B　根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，父母教育我們要尊重別人，重視教育。respect意為“尊敬，尊重”，符合語境。 2．A　父母總是教育我們：“努力工作，世界就是你們的?！惫蔬xA。 3．D　當(dāng)生活變得艱難時，父母總會給我們有益的建議或一些鼓勵。never without為雙重否定，表示肯定的意思。 4．B　參見上題解析。a helpful word of advice表示“有用的建議”。 5．A　參見3題解析。tough“艱難的，艱苦的”。 6．D　根據(jù)該段中的“Thankfully, they persuaded me”可知，父母一直期望“我”上大學(xué)并最終說服了“我”。expect“期望，期待”。 7．A　根據(jù)下文父母對“我”的勸說可知，16歲時“我”決定(decided)結(jié)婚而不是上大學(xué)。 8．C　16歲時“我”決定結(jié)婚而不是上大學(xué)。would rather...than...為固定用法，表示“寧愿……而不愿……”。 9．B　根據(jù)文中的“they persuaded me.I graduated from high school and...medicine”可知，“我”高中畢業(yè)后上了一所大學(xué)。attend意為“經(jīng)常去，定期去(學(xué)校、教堂等)”。 10．D　根據(jù)文中的“the University of Oklahoma studying medicine”可知，“我”主修醫(yī)學(xué)，想讓這個世界成為更好的(better)可供人們生活的地方。 11．B　每次當(dāng)“我”打電話告訴他們“我”在實驗室里的成績或是“我”當(dāng)時正努力學(xué)習(xí)的任何一門課程時，他們會告訴“我”他們以“我”為傲。whichever class意為“無論哪一門課”。 12．C　父母以“我”取得的成績而自豪。be proud of為固定用法，意為“以……自豪”。 13．D　“我”知道有的大學(xué)生在得到一個“A”時，因沒家人所以無法打電話回家。故選D。 14．A　和那些得了“A”卻沒有家人可告知的同學(xué)相比，“我”有這樣的父母是非常有福的。blessed意義“有福的”。 15．A　父母從不停止對“我”的愛，從不停止對“我”的信賴。stop doing sth.“停止做某事”。 16．B　沒有(Without)父母持續(xù)不斷的愛和鼓勵，“我”不可能相信“我”能改變世界。 17．A　參見上題解析。故選A。 18．D　父母一直教育(taught)“我”去為“我”認(rèn)為對的事而奮斗。 19．C　參見上題解析。believe in sth.“認(rèn)為某事好(或?qū)?、可接?”，符合語境。 20．D　“我”會繼續(xù)努力，希望父母繼續(xù)為“我”感到自豪。continue to do sth.表示“繼續(xù)做某事”，為固定用法。 下面是李華的一篇作文，文中有五處錯誤，改正錯誤并背誦該文。 Whether we can land on Mars depend on the development of science and technology.There is no oxygen on Mars and the temperature changes great from day to night，which makes it impossible for us live there.As we all know，the environment of Mars is quite different from that of our earth. In a fact，if we want to stay on Mars for a few days，we should take along our own oxygen，food，clothing and so on with us. However，I firmly believe that we will succeed in land on Mars in the near future. 答案： Whether we can land on Mars on the development of science and technology.There is no oxygen on Mars and the temperature changes from day to night，which makes it impossible for us live there. As we all know，the environment of Mars is quite different from that of our earth. In fact，if we want to stay on Mars for a few days，we should take along our own oxygen，food，clothing and so on with us. However，I firmly believe that we will succeed in on Mars in the near future.