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考點(diǎn)17 -ing分詞 高考頻度：★★★★★ 定義 -ing分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞形式一樣，都是由v+ing構(gòu)成，但是在句子中的作用不一樣，動(dòng)名詞是動(dòng)詞非謂語形式的一種；動(dòng)名詞具有動(dòng)詞和名詞的特征；在句中可作主語、表語、賓語和定語；現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語、定語、表語、賓補(bǔ)。 形式 時(shí)態(tài) 主動(dòng) 被動(dòng) 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 否定式 否定詞（not/never） +動(dòng)名詞 考向一 現(xiàn)在分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞的用法 1.作表語：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語所具有的特征或?qū)傩?；過去分詞表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。 ?The situation is encouraging. 情況很受人鼓舞。 2．作定語： （1）單獨(dú)作定語，常放在被修飾的名詞之前。 touching story /ing week /skilled worker / armed forces / boiled water Barking dogs seldom bite. 亂叫的狗不咬人。 但某些過去分詞（如concerned關(guān)切的/有關(guān)的，used舊的/用過的，given特定的/給予的，involved復(fù)雜的/涉及的）置于名詞前后其意義不同。 ?a concerned look/the students concerned/ ?a used car/the textbook used. （2）現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，分詞應(yīng)放在被修飾的名詞之后；表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作時(shí),變?yōu)閺木鋾r(shí)要用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)時(shí)，變?yōu)閺木鋾r(shí)要用一般時(shí)態(tài)；同被修辭的詞（先行詞）有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)主動(dòng)語態(tài)的定語從句。 ?Who is the man standing （= who is standing） by the door? 站在門邊的人是誰。 ?They built a highway leading （= that/which leads） into the mountains. 一條通往山里的高速路。 （3）過去分詞作定語時(shí)，分詞應(yīng)放在被修飾的名詞之后；表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前/不確定；同被修辭的詞（先行詞）有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的定語從句。 ?The meeting held（=that/which was held） last week is very important. 上周舉行的回憶是非常重要的。 （4）其他應(yīng)注意： ① 若表示的動(dòng)作此刻正在進(jìn)行或同時(shí)進(jìn)行，可用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)（現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)）表示。 ?We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. 我們必須保守正在討論的事情。 ② 若表示的是一個(gè)未來的動(dòng)作，可用不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示。 Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting. 請告訴我在下次會(huì)議上討論的主題。 ③ 分詞還可作非限制性定語（相當(dāng)于非限制性定語從句），此時(shí)須和句子的其他部分用逗號(hào)隔開，試比較： ?All my brothers living in Shanghai are scientists.=All my brothers, living in Shanghai, are scientists. 居住在上海的所有兄弟是科學(xué)家。 ④ 現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語時(shí)，表示的動(dòng)作不能先于謂語動(dòng)作，也不可表示將來；一般不用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作定語，故下列句子是錯(cuò)的： ?Here is Mr. Li ing from Beijing. （應(yīng)改為who has e from Beijing） 他是來自北京的李先生。 ?Those having finished their work can go home now. （應(yīng)改為who have finished） 已經(jīng)完成家庭作業(yè)的現(xiàn)在可以回家。 ⑤ 系動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式不可用作后置定語，此時(shí)要用從句來表示。 ?Those being busy don’t have to go. （應(yīng)改為Those who are busy don’t have to go.） 正在忙的人不必離開。 ⑥ 不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞不可用作后置定語，若要表示這個(gè)意思要用從句。 ?The lion died in this zoo the other day was a mother lion. （應(yīng)改為which/that died） 前天死在公園的獅子是頭母獅。 3. 作賓補(bǔ)： （1）常構(gòu)成“感官動(dòng)詞/使役動(dòng)詞+賓語+doing sth/done” ?I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 讓你等在這好久很難過。 （2）現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作與謂語同時(shí)發(fā)生或正在進(jìn)行，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作過程；與賓語有著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，賓補(bǔ)一般為賓語所做的動(dòng)作；過去分詞做賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作完成,與賓語有著動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且含有被動(dòng)意義，賓語是過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作的承受者。 ?He watched the TV set carried out of the room. 他看從房間帶出的電視。 ?Last year they had the house rebuilt. 去年他們重修了這座房子。 （3）變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)就成了主語補(bǔ)足語，與謂語一起稱為“復(fù)合謂語”。 ?We were kept waiting for quite a long time. 我們被等待了好久。 1.（2017天津卷單項(xiàng)填空）Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod, _______theexpectednumber of 12,000 heldby marketanalysts. A. havingexceeded B. toexceed C. exceeded D. exceeding 【參考答案】D 2.（2017北京卷單項(xiàng)填空）The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ________ from butterflies to elephants. A. ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged 【參考答案】A　 【答案解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。 range是不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“(在一定幅度內(nèi))變化”，此處作解釋說明的狀語，表主動(dòng)。故答案選A。句意：國家動(dòng)物園有大量野生動(dòng)物， 從蝴蝶到大象都有。 2.(2017江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空) Many Chinese brands, ________their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market. A. having developed B. being developed C. developed D. developing 【參考答案】A　 考向二 動(dòng)名詞 一、動(dòng)名詞概述 1. 動(dòng)名詞的一般式，表示的動(dòng)作可以與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或前后。 ?We all enjoy listening to music.（同時(shí)發(fā)生） 我們所有的人都喜歡聽音樂。 ?Do you remember meeting me there?（在謂語動(dòng)詞前發(fā)生） 你還記得見過他嗎？ 2. 動(dòng)名詞的完成式表示在謂語動(dòng)詞之前完成的動(dòng)作。 ?I regret not having been taken to the Great Wall when I was a child. 當(dāng)我是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候很遺憾沒有被帶到過長城。 ?She attended the party without being invited. 沒有被邀請他就參加了這個(gè)晚會(huì)。 3. 當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語所表示的是這動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞一般要用被動(dòng)形式。 ?This question is far from being settled.問題遠(yuǎn)沒有解決。 4. 如果表示的動(dòng)作在謂語表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，有時(shí)需要用動(dòng)名詞的完成被動(dòng)形式。 ?I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to try this method. 我不機(jī)器曾經(jīng)給過他機(jī)會(huì)嘗試這個(gè)方法。 二、 動(dòng)名詞的用法 1.作主語 （1）謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)。 Seeing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)。 （2）it（形式主語）be no+n（use/ good/wonder...）+doing sth there be no +n（point/doubt/signs/way...）+doing sth ?It’s no use telling him about it,it’s too late already. 已經(jīng)太晚了，所以告訴他沒有用。 （3）作主語動(dòng)名詞與不定式的區(qū)別： ① 動(dòng)名詞作主語表示抽象的動(dòng)作，不與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者有關(guān)；不定式作主語表示具體的動(dòng)作或行為，與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者有關(guān)。 ?He realized that to go on like this was no use.（具體） 他意識(shí)到像這樣繼續(xù)沒用。 ?It’s no use crying over split milk.（抽象） 因拋灑的牛奶哭泣沒用。 特別提醒：表語是動(dòng)名詞，主語也用動(dòng)名詞；表語是不定式，主語也用不定式。 ② 動(dòng)名詞和不定式作主語，都可用形式主語it，動(dòng)名詞或不定式放在句尾時(shí)用動(dòng)名詞，不用不定式。 it’s no use/good doing … it’s a waste of time doing … 但在it’s important /necessary /advisable/essential … 中，只用不定式。 ?It’s no use going there today; he won’t be at home. 今天去哪沒用，因?yàn)椴辉诩摇? ?It’s a waste of time arguing about it. 和他爭論時(shí)浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。 2. 作表語 （1）用來解釋說明主語的內(nèi)容。 ?Their job is building houses. 他們的工作是建房子。 （2）作表語動(dòng)名詞與不定式的區(qū)別： 動(dòng)名詞作表語表示抽象的行為,習(xí)慣；不定式作表語表示具體的特別是動(dòng)作。 ?My favourite sport is swimming. 我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)游泳。 （3）動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別： 作表語： 動(dòng)名詞作表語相當(dāng)于名詞，說明主語的含義及內(nèi)容,主語與表語互換位置不影響句子的基本含義，不可用副詞來修飾；現(xiàn)在分詞作表語相當(dāng)于形容詞，說明主語的特征,性質(zhì),狀態(tài)等，主語與表語不可互換位置，可用very/quite等副詞來修飾。 ?Our duty is serving the people heart and soul. 我的職責(zé)是全心全意為人民服務(wù)。 作定語：現(xiàn)在分詞表示所修辭的名詞的動(dòng)作，邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系；動(dòng)名詞表示被修辭的名詞的作用，目的和用途等，無主謂關(guān)系。 A sleeping baby=a baby who is sleeping. 作主語：動(dòng)名詞可做主語，現(xiàn)在分詞不可。 3.作賓語 （1）vt+doing sth 【巧學(xué)妙記】巧記跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞： 考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想； 避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成就欣賞； 禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn)，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon, admit, delay/put off, fancy; avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice, deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk, can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape. ?Mary is considering changing her job. 瑪麗正在考慮換工作。 【注意】某些動(dòng)詞后接兩種結(jié)構(gòu)，意義不同。 remember/ forget/ regret/ try /mean /stop/go on/can’t help/ be afraid（of）/be sure （of）to do doingsth ?I forgot to close the door before I left the room. 在我離開房間前，忘記關(guān)門。 ?I forgot having closed the door. 我忘記關(guān)門。 （2）s+v+it+n/adj+doing sth（it作形式賓語） I consider it a waste of time arguing about it. （3）【insist on / object to / feel like /look forward to / devote to / get （be） used to … 】+doing sth ?He insisted on seeing us home. 他堅(jiān)持看我們的家。 ?They all objected to putting the meeting off. 所有的人對法對取消會(huì)議。 （4）S+have+n（difficulty/trouble/problem/a good time/a hard time/fun）+（in）+doing sth/with sth ?I have some difficulty (in) finishing my work in time. 在及時(shí)完成家庭作業(yè)方面我有困難。 4. 作定語 動(dòng)名詞作定語表示被修飾名詞的用途，無邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，表示被修飾名詞的動(dòng)作行為，有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。 singing petition 歌詠比賽 swimming pool 游泳池 1.（2018北京卷單項(xiàng)填空） _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled 【參考答案】B 【答案解析】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：沿著絲綢之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的經(jīng)歷?！癬___ along the old Silk Road”做主語，要用動(dòng)名詞，故B選項(xiàng)正確。 1.___________ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. A. Ignore B. Ignoring C. Ignored D. Having ignored 【參考答案】B 5. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ________ to ruins, the city took on a new look. A. reducing B. reduced C. being reduced D. having reduced 【參考答案】C　 【答案解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)與前面的suffering并列，作介詞after的賓語，同時(shí)動(dòng)詞reduce與邏輯主語the city之間構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式，故選C項(xiàng)。 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) I.用所給詞的正確形式填空 1.A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸餾器） is one of the best ways to obtain _________(drink)water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. 2.We were respectful of craft（技藝）and focused on ______(dig) into the characters we were going to play. 3. ________ (work) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. 4. The park was full of people，________ (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine. 5. In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to“air condition”a house without ________(use)electric equipment. 6.Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it ________ (perform) live is quite another. 7.Keep ________ (hold)your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility. 8.I got to the office earlier that day，________ (catch) the 7：30 train from Paddington. II.單項(xiàng)填空 1.After a long absence, I went back to college, _______ to pick up where I’d left off. A. hoping B. hope C.to hope D. hoped 2. _______of their bad habits, the boys switched from being dependent on their parents to _______ for others. A. Having rid; sacrificing B. To rid; sacrifice C. Rid; sacrificing D. Having been rid; sacrifice 3. _______with the passengers on the missing plane, their families were sitting in front of the television all day and all night, ____________anxiously for the latest news. A. Concerned; waiting B. Concerning; waiting C. Concerned; waited D. Concerning; waited 4._____ at the clock on the wall, Alice found that she was late. A. To glance B. Glancing C. Glance D. Glanced 5. _______ the right decision _______ the future is probably an important thing we will ever do in our lives. A. Making; concerned B. Make; concerning C. To make；concerned D. Making; concerning 6. _______children to stay in touch with the nature, I think, will benefit them in the long run. A. Encouraged B. Encourage C. Encouraging D. To have encouraged 7.It is no good pletely _______students from surfing the Internet. A. banned B. banning C.to ban D. having banned 8.The recent survey shows that lack of parents’ love is the leading factor (因素)that results in a teenager_______ in puter games. A. losing B. lost C. being lost D.to be lost 9.When Mr. Liu returned from a long vacation, there was a pile of documents_______ for him in his office. A. waited B.to wait C. waiting D. being waited 10.The worse working conditions we are looking forward to________ must have attracted the local government’s attention. A. see improved B. seeing to improve C. see improving D. seeing improved 題組二 能力提升 閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入 1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 “The only female giant panda in Britain　1　(believe) to be pregnant,” Edinburgh Zoo said Thursday. The zoo said, “Tian Tian is being　2　(close) monitored, but it’s unclear　3　she will give birth. It’s hard to predict exactly and the panda breeding (繁殖) season can last until late September.” Tian Tian and male panda Yang Guang, who are both 14,　4　(arrive) in Edinburgh on a decade-long loan from China in 2011 and are　5　only giant pandas in Britain. Tian Tian, or Sweetie, has been pregnant several　6　(time) before in the U. K. but has never given birth. Giant pandas have difficulty breeding and their pregnancies are very difficult　7　(follow). The animals also experience “pseudo-pregnancies (偽懷孕)”, during　8　their behavior and hormonal (生理的) changes indicate they are pregnant even when they are not. The zoo’s statement came after the Edinburgh Evening Nevus used the Freedom of Information Act to obtain munication between the zoo and Scottish government　9　(show) that Tian Tian had been artificially inseminated and could give birth as early as this week. In a July 25 email, Iain Valentine, panda　10　(direct) at the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, said he thought Tian Tian was about 30 days away from giving birth. 題組三 體驗(yàn)真題 1. (2017天津卷)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ more patients to be treated. A. being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed 2.（2016北京卷）Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ________ the old town into a dreamland. A. turn B. turning C. to turn D. turned 3.（2016天津卷）The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, ________ air conditioning unnecessary. A. making B. to make C. made D. being made 4.（2014湖南卷）____your own needs and styles of munication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions. A. Understanding B. To be understood C. Being understood D. Having understood 5.（2013福建卷）________ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known 6.(2013浙江卷)_________how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. A. Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) I.用所給詞的正確形式填空 1. drinking 2. digging 3.Having worked 4.enjoying 5.using 6.being performed 7.holding　 8.having caught II.單項(xiàng)填空 1.A 【解析】考查非謂語。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子缺少狀語。句子的主語I與hope之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系；此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。句意：一長段缺席之后，我回到了大學(xué)，希望從我離開的地方學(xué)起。故選A。 2.A 3.A 【解析】考查非謂語。concerned是形容詞，意思是“關(guān)切的；憂慮的，擔(dān)心的”，在此用形容詞作狀語，指“家屬們對于失聯(lián)飛機(jī)上的乘客都很擔(dān)心”；主語their families與wait之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，指“等待著最新消息”。故選A。 4.B 【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：瞥了一眼墻上的表，愛麗絲發(fā)現(xiàn)她遲到了。glance與句子的主語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且在意思上表示主動(dòng)意義，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)形式，故選B。 5.D 【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，make the right decision是該句的主語，應(yīng)用其-ing形式；concerning是介詞，表示 “關(guān)于……”，故選D項(xiàng)。 6.C 【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，I think是插入語，前面為主語，此處泛指“鼓勵(lì)孩子們與自然保持聯(lián)系”這一行為，應(yīng)使用ing分詞。故選C。 7.B 【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：完全禁止是沒有好處的。該句屬于"It+is+名詞/形容詞(no good/no use/useless)+doing..."句型，It為形式主語,故選B項(xiàng)。 8.C 【解析】考查非謂語。句意：最近的調(diào)查顯示，缺少父母的愛是導(dǎo)致青少年在電腦游戲中迷失的主要因素。A teenager is lost in puter games.指“青少年迷失在電腦游戲中”，其放在短語result in后面用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語。故選C。 9.C 【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)劉先生渡完長假回來，辦公室里有一大堆文件在等著他處理。在there be句型中，名詞documents和wait是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，表示正存在的狀態(tài)。故選C。 10.D 題組二 能力提升 【文章大意】來自英國愛丁堡動(dòng)物園的消息，英國唯一的雌性大熊貓被懷孕了，在不久的未來就要生小寶寶了。 1.is believed 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)、主謂一致。句子最后一句那個(gè)主語是The only female giant panda，是單數(shù)；與believe之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系；根據(jù)后面的內(nèi)容可知，此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。故填is believed。 2.closely 【解析】考查副詞。此處指“被密切監(jiān)視”，用副詞修飾謂語動(dòng)詞。故填closely。 3.when 【解析】考查連詞。句意：還不確定她什么時(shí)候生小寶寶。此處it是形式主語，when引起真正的主語從句。故填when。 4.arrived 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)后面的時(shí)間狀語“in 2011”可知，句子用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。故填arrived。 5.the 【解析】考查冠詞?！皌he only…”指“唯一的人或者物”，是固定搭配。故填the。 6.times 【解析】考查名詞。此處time是“次數(shù)”的意思，several修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填times。 7.to follow 【解析】考查非謂語。此處運(yùn)用了“sth.+be+adj.+to do”句式。故填to follow。 8.which 【解析】考查連詞。此處指非限制性定語從句，先行詞是“pseudo-pregnancies”，引導(dǎo)詞which指代先行詞，作介詞during的賓語。故填which。 9.showing 【解析】考查非謂語。句子中有謂語came，此處是非謂語在句中作狀語。故填showing。 10.director 【解析】考查名詞。此處指在“the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland”負(fù)責(zé)管理熊貓的主任。故填director。 題組二 體驗(yàn)真題 1.B　 2.B 【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨狀況。句意：新建的木屋林立在街道的兩旁，使古鎮(zhèn)變成了一個(gè)夢幻之地。turn的邏輯主語是cottages，兩者是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示主動(dòng)和伴隨，故選B。 3.A 【解析】句意：冷風(fēng)從我們臥室的窗戶吹進(jìn)來，使得沒有必要開空調(diào)了。前面的事情造成后面的結(jié)果，用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示順理成章的結(jié)果。不定式也可以作結(jié)果狀語，但是那是預(yù)料不到的結(jié)果。故選A。 4.A 【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞用法。不定式（短語）或動(dòng)名詞（短語）均可作主語，區(qū)別在于不定式常表示將來，是特指；而動(dòng)名詞表示一般情況，是泛指。而本句指的是普遍現(xiàn)象，屬泛指，故用動(dòng)名詞較好。句意：理解你自身的需要及交際風(fēng)格，同時(shí)會(huì)表達(dá)你的感情和情緒是一樣重要。故A正確。 5.C　 【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。動(dòng)名詞在本句中作主語，此處表示一般情況，用一般式；having known 是完成式，表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或先于謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。句意： 懂得一些基本的急救技巧將有助于你對緊急情況作出快速應(yīng)對。故選C。 6.A