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Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars (一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí) Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——————知其意 1．solar adj.　　　　　　　　　 太陽的；日光的 2．chain n. 鏈子；連鎖；鎖鏈 3．dissolve vt.&vi. 溶解；解散 4．a(chǎn)cid n. 酸 5．multiply vi.&vt.[縱聯(lián)1] 乘；增加 6．gravity n. 萬有引力；重力 7．extinct adj. 滅絕的；絕種的 8．exhaust vt. 用盡；耗盡；使精疲力盡 9．satellite n. 衛(wèi)星；人造衛(wèi)星 10．spaceship n. 宇宙飛船 11．physicist n. 物理學(xué)家 12．oxygen n. 氧 Ⅱ.重點單詞——————寫其形 1．a(chǎn)tmosphere n. 大氣層；氣氛 2．fundamental adj. 基本的；基礎(chǔ)的 3．thus adv. 因此；于是 4．gentle adj. 溫和的；文雅的 5．climate n. 氣候 6．crash vi.&vt. 碰撞；墜落 7．pull n．&vt. 拉(力)；拖；牽引力 8．float vi.&vt. (使)浮動；(使)漂浮 n. 漂浮物 9．system n. 系統(tǒng)；體系；制度 10．theory n. 學(xué)說；理論 Ⅲ.拓展單詞——————通其變 1．globe n．球體；地球儀；地球→global adj.全球性的；全世界的 2．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；強暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地 3．unlike prep.與……不同；不像 adj.不同的→like vt.喜歡 prep.像→dislike vt.不喜歡；討厭→likely adj.可能的[縱聯(lián)2] 4．harmful adj.有害的→harm n．&vt.傷害→harmless adj.無害的[縱聯(lián)3] 5．exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存 6．puzzle vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)為難 n．謎；難題→puzzled adj.困惑的→puzzling adj.令人困惑的 7．religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔誠的 8．biology n．生物學(xué)→biologist n．生物學(xué)家→biological adj.生物的；生物學(xué)的[縱聯(lián)4] 9．reaction n．反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)→react v．反應(yīng) 縱聯(lián)1.數(shù)學(xué)運算大集合 ①plus prep. 加；加上 ②minus prep. 減 n. 減號；負(fù)號 ③multiply vi.&vt. 乘；增加 ④divide v. 除；除以 縱聯(lián)2.un前綴高頻形容詞集錦 ①unlike不同的 ②unfair不公平的 ③unimportant不重要的 ④unusual不尋常的 ⑤unhappy不幸福的 ⑥unfortunate不幸運的 ⑦unsuccessful不成功的 ⑧untidy不整潔的 縱聯(lián)3.以ful結(jié)尾的形容詞聚焦 ①harmful有害的 ②useful有用的 ③helpful有幫助的 ④powerful強大的 ⑤careful小心的 ⑥faithful忠實的 縱聯(lián)4.后綴ist名詞薈萃 ①biologist生物學(xué)家 ②tourist旅游者；游客 ③physicist物理學(xué)家 ④scientist科學(xué)家 ⑤psychologist心理學(xué)家 ⑥pianist鋼琴家 單元話題——天文學(xué) 子話題　太空科技 ①astronaut n. 宇航員 ②telescope n. 望遠(yuǎn)鏡 ③universe n. 宇宙 ④rocket n. 火箭 ⑤orbit n. (天體等的)運行軌道 ⑥monitor vt. 監(jiān)測；監(jiān)控 ⑦data n. 資料；數(shù)據(jù) ⑧space station 太空站；空間站 ⑨t(yī)he outer space 外太空 ⑩manned spaceship/spacecraft 載人飛船 ?weather satellite 氣象衛(wèi)星 ?space shuttle 航天飛機 [學(xué)考對接活學(xué)活用] 高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的詞匯應(yīng)用 1．(2016四川高考閱讀C)In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain? unusual groups of indigenous (土著的) people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs. And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony (殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946. __?__ theory, they should live by the French law. However, their remote locations mean that the French law is often ignored or unknown, __?__ making them into an interesting area of “l(fā)awlessness” in the world. ①寫出本單元中與加彩詞意義相近的詞：exist ②在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~：In，與后面的theory搭配，意為理論上 ③選詞填空： A．but　　　B．however　　　C．thus 2．(2017江蘇高考閱讀D)Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have bee more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His notforprofit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as __?__ (float) libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar? panels and other municating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity (連接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental? level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season. ①用float的適當(dāng)形式填空：floating ②寫出加彩詞在句中的含義：太陽的；日光的， solar panels意為太陽能電池板 ③寫出加彩詞在句中的含義：基本的；基礎(chǔ)的 高考采擷(二)　寫作中的詞匯應(yīng)用 (根據(jù)漢語及提示詞補全句子) 1．(2018全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)與西方風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣不同，如果你被邀請參加晚宴，準(zhǔn)時是有禮貌的。(unlike) Unlike_western_customs,_it_is_good_manners to be punctual if you are invited to attend a dinner party. 2．(2016江蘇高考書面表達)雖然許多人對于網(wǎng)絡(luò)投票的負(fù)面影響感到困惑，但是現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)投票仍然受歡迎。(puzzled) While_many_people_are_puzzled at the negative side of the voting, Internet voting is quite popular nowadays. (二)課堂重點釋疑 1．harmful adj.有害的 [記牢] (1)be harmful to sb./sth.　　　　　 對某人/某物有害 　　　　　 對某人有害 做某事沒有壞處 [練通]　單句語法填空 ①As we all know, a bad eating habit is harmful (harm) to one’s health. ②As far as I’m concerned, there is no harm in making an apology to him first. ③These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are mon, causing/doing serious harm to life and the environment. [寫美]　一句多譯 眾所周知，吃太多垃圾食品對你的健康有害。 ④What is known to us is that eating too much junk food is_harmful_to_your_health.(harmful) ⑤It is known to us that eating too much junk food does_harm_to_your_health.(harm n．) 2．exist vi.存在；生存 [記牢] (1)exist in　　　　 　　　　 存在于……之中 exist on 靠……為生 there exists ... 某地有……；存在…… (2)existence n. 存在；生存 e into existence 產(chǎn)生；成立；開始存在 (3)existing adj. 現(xiàn)存的；現(xiàn)行的 [練通]　單句語法填空 ①Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence (exist)． ②You can’t imagine what difficulty they have existing on the money he is earning. ③The parking place for bikes was an existing (exist) problem for a long time in our school. [用準(zhǔn)]　exist是不及物動詞，沒有被動語態(tài)，也不用于進行時態(tài)。 [寫美]　翻譯句子 ④眾所周知，年輕人和老年人之間存在代溝。 As_is_known_to_us,_there_exists_a_generation_gap_between_the_young_and_the_old. 3．puzzle vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)為難；(使)困惑n.謎；難題 [記牢] (1)puzzle about/over　　　 冥思苦想；苦苦思索 (2)a puzzle to sb. 一件讓某人感到困惑的事情 (3)puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的 be puzzled about 對……迷惑不解 (4)puzzling adj. 令人困惑的 [練通]　單句語法填空 ①When the little girl was asked such a puzzling question, she stood there with a puzzled look on her face.(puzzle) ②She lost heart since she failed the exam, because her future was puzzling (puzzle)． ③People have long puzzled over/about how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. [用準(zhǔn)]　過去分詞形式的形容詞，如puzzled, confused, frightened, excited, surprised等，除了可以用來描述人的心理活動以外，還可以用來修飾與人有關(guān)的一些名詞，如look, voice, smile, expression, face等。 [寫美]　翻譯句子 ④事實上，困擾你的事情對于中國的許多父母來說也是一個難題。 What_puzzles_you_is_actually_a_puzzle_to_many_parents_in_China. [詞匯過關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]　 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．Unlike (不像) his brother, he is talkative and has a sense of humour. 2．Accustomed to the climate (氣候) in the countryside, the old couple prefer not to move to the city. 3．They pletely ignored these problems as if they never existed (存在)． 4．As is known to us, lack of sleep does great harm (傷害) to us students. 5．He was quite puzzled (困惑的) about what to do next, so he turned to his father for help. 6．The old scientist told his students that scientific theories (理論) must be based on facts. 7．Those anxious for reform say that the present system (系統(tǒng)) is not perfect. 8．He found something floating (漂浮) on the lake，which frightened him. 9．A truck went out of control and crashed (碰撞) into the back of a bus. 10．Some experts think reading is the fundamental (基本的) skill upon which school education depends. Ⅱ.單句語法填空 1．He often says that he doesn’t believe in any religion (religious) and only believes in himself. 2．As is known to us, the People’s Republic of China came into existence (exist) as an independent country in 1949. 3．Not all people are aware of the various effects of global (globe) warming on earth. 4．He is one of the greatest physicists (physics) in the world and many people admire him very much. 5．The conversation was carried on in a harmonious and friendly atmosphere. Ⅲ.根據(jù)提示補全句子 1．眾所周知，過量飲酒對我們的健康有害。(harmful) What is known to us is that drinking too much is_harmful_to_our_health. 2．他相信和中國建立更加良好的關(guān)系對這一地區(qū)的繁榮發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。(fundamental) He believes better relations with China are_fundamental_to the wellbeing of the area. 3．這個地區(qū)的建筑物是否需要拆毀還存在爭議，人們?nèi)耘f在尋找著其他可能的解決方法。(pull) Whether the buildings in this area should_be_pulled_down has remained controversial; people are still looking for other possible solutions. 4．這次臺風(fēng)太猛烈了以至于損壞了許多小汽車、樹木甚至房子。(violent) The typhoon was_so_violent_that it destroyed many cars, trees and even houses. Ⅳ.語境辨義 根據(jù)語境選出動詞multiply的詞義 1．It is possible to multiply these bacteria in the laboratory.__C__ 2．In maths class the children are learning to multiply and divide.__A__ 3．Our problems have multiplied since last year.__B__ (一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí) 1．in_time　　　　　　　　　　 及時；終于；遲早 2．lay_eggs 下蛋 3．give_birth_to 產(chǎn)生；分娩 4．in_one’s_turn 輪到某人；接著 5．watch_out_for [串記1] 密切注意；當(dāng)心；提防 6．cheer__up 感到高興；感到振奮 7．depend_on 依靠；取決于 8．break_out 突發(fā)；爆發(fā) 9．prevent_..._from [串記2] 阻止；制止 10．block_out 　　[串記3] 擋住(光線) 11．now_that 既然 12．get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解 [同根短語串記] 串記1.表達“小心；當(dāng)心”的高頻短語聚焦 ①watch out (for)小心；當(dāng)心 ②look out當(dāng)心 ③take care小心 ④be careful小心 串記2.“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多種表達 ①prevent sb. from doing sth. ②stop sb.from doing sth. ③ban sb.from doing sth. ④keep sb.from doing sth. ⑤discourage sb.from doing sth. 串記3.“動詞＋out”短語薈萃 ①block out擋住(光線) ②break out突發(fā)；爆發(fā) ③find out查出；弄明白 ④die out滅絕 ⑤put out撲滅 ⑥r(nóng)un out用完 ⑦let out泄露；發(fā)出(聲音) ⑧e out出版 1．solar system 太陽系 2．begin with 從……開始；起源于 3．in all directions 朝四面八方 4．a(chǎn) chain reaction 連鎖反應(yīng) 5．make a trip into space 太空旅行 6．get close to 接近，靠近 7．step forward 朝前走，邁步向前 8．fall over 跌倒；摔倒 1．This produced a chain reaction, which made_it_possible_for_life_to_develop. 這就產(chǎn)生了連鎖反應(yīng)，使生命的發(fā)展成為可能。 2．But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over. 但當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍遠(yuǎn)，因而我摔倒了。 3．“Oh dear，” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now_that gravity has changed.” “天哪，”我大聲說，“既然重力改變了，看來走路也的確需要練一練了?！? 4．We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased. 我們驚奇地看著，隨著地球引力的增加，宇宙飛船的外層燃燒起火。 [學(xué)考對接活學(xué)活用] 高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的短語 (補全句子/同義替換/選詞填空) 1．(2018全國卷Ⅱ閱讀B)If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent_them_turning_brown (阻止它們變成棕色)． 2．(2017全國卷Ⅰ閱讀七選五)I must say that I have certainly e to enjoy camping. It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature.(寫出本單元與加黑詞意義相近的短語)in_time 3．(20176月浙江高考完形)Her friends came to help her when the war __B__. A．took place　　　　　　　 　B．broke out C．happened D．burst 高考采擷(二)　寫作中的句式(補全句子) 1．(2018北京高考書面表達)我詳細(xì)地解釋這個過程的每一步，這讓他們理解如何泡茶成為可能。(make＋it＋adj.＋for sb. to do) I explained every step of the process in detail, which made it possible for them to understand how to make tea. 2．(2018全國卷Ⅱ書面表達)這部短片講述了我們學(xué)校的發(fā)展。現(xiàn)在，我們的學(xué)校是十年前的三倍大。(倍數(shù)＋as ...as) The short film tells about the development of our school. Now our school is three times as big as that ten years ago. (二)課堂重點釋疑 [短語集釋] 1．in time及時；終于；遲早 [記牢] (1)in time for ...　　　　　 剛好趕上…… in time to do sth. 及時做某事 (2)in no time 立刻；馬上 at no time 決不 at a time 每次；一次 at one time 曾經(jīng)；一度 at the same time 同時 at times 有時；偶爾 from time to time 有時；偶爾 (3)take one’s time 別著急；慢慢來 [練通]　單句語法填空 ①As a proverb goes, “Where there’s a will, there’s a way.” Our efforts will pay off in time. ②(2016全國卷Ⅲ)At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be free from them. ③Luckily, I adapted to the new surroundings and everything returned to normal in no time. ④We reached on the top of Mount Tai, just in time to_enjoy (enjoy) the rising sun. [用準(zhǔn)]　at no time等表示否定意義的短語位于句首時，句子要部分倒裝。 [寫美]　句式升級 ⑤In my view, you should at no time lose heart whenever you are in trouble. →In my view, at_no_time_should_you_lose_heart whenever you are in trouble.(倒裝句) 2．in one’s turn輪到某人；接著 [記牢] in turn　　　　　　　　　　　 依次；相應(yīng)地；反過來 by turns 輪流；交替地 take turns to do sth. 輪流做某事 It is one’s turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事 It turns/turned out that ... 結(jié)果…… [練通]　單句語法填空 ①Now that we have finished the design, it is in their turn to construct. ②At the meeting they took turns to_put (put) forward a number of suggestions aiming to promote the reform of education system. ③The two daughters looked after their sick mother by turns. [用準(zhǔn)]　by turns是“交替地；輪流”的意思，多指兩個人或兩個行為之間的交替進行；如果表示“按順序”則應(yīng)該用in turn。 [寫美]　補全句子 ④人們使用自己的小汽車避免公共交通延誤，反過來，這造成更多的問題。 People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, which_in_turn_creates_more_problems. 3．cheer up (使)高興；(使)振奮；感到高興；感到振奮 [記牢] (1)cheer sb.up　　 使某人振作起來 cheer sb.on (比賽中)以喝彩聲鼓勵；為某人加油 cheer for 為……而歡呼 (2)Cheers! [口語](用于祝酒)干杯！ [練通] 單句語法填空 ①Cheer Mary up,_and things will work out for the best. ②Cathy didn’t expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise their acplishments. 補全句子 ③I do hope she can cheer_up and accept the challenge of life bravely! 我真心希望她能振作起來，勇敢地接受生活的挑戰(zhàn)！ [用準(zhǔn)]　cheer up既可以用作及物動詞短語，也可用作不及物動詞短語。 [寫美]　詞匯升級 ④When I’m feeling depressed, my mother tells me funny stories to make me happy.(升級加黑詞匯) →When I’m feeling depressed, my mother tells me funny stories to cheer_me_up. [句式集釋] 1．make it＋adj./n.＋for sb. to do [教材原句]　This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. [悟拓展例句] (1)She made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. (2)People in the west make it a rule to_buy (buy) Christmas presents for their relatives and friends. (3)He is stubborn, which makes it no use quarrelling (quarrel) with him about it. [析用法規(guī)則] 用法歸納 (1)make＋it＋adj./n.＋that從句 (2)make＋it＋adj./n.＋to do 不定式 (3)make＋it＋no good/no use/no value ...＋doing sth. 注意事項 常用于這種句型的動詞還有：think, consider, find, feel等 [背寫作佳句] (1)I have a good mand of English, which makes it easier for me to find a good job.(要點句) (2)(2018浙江高考寫作)You have much experience in voluntary work so that I find it a good idea for you to apply for the position.(要點句) 2．倍數(shù)表達法 [教材原句]　But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over. [悟拓展例句] (1)There are five_times_as_many_books in our library as in yours. 我們圖書館里的書是你們圖書館里的書的五倍。 (2)據(jù)我所知，這個城市是那個城市的三倍大。(一句多譯) ①As far as I know, the city is three times as_large_as that one. ②As far as I know, the city is three times larger_than that one. ③As far as I know, the city is three times the_size_of that one. [析用法規(guī)則] 用法歸納 (1)倍數(shù)＋as＋many/much＋n.＋as (2)倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞/副詞原級＋as (3)倍數(shù)＋形容詞/副詞比較級＋than (4)倍數(shù)＋the size/length/height/depth/width＋of 注意事項 (1)表示“兩倍”時用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基數(shù)詞＋times”表達。 (2)此句型中倍數(shù)也可以用分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)，half等其他程度狀語來表達。 [背寫作佳句] (1)My school has expanded into a big one, which is three times as big as the previous one.(開頭句) (2)The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.(要點句) [詞塊、句式過關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]　 Ⅰ.選詞填空 1．Mr Brown had intended to catch the early train, but he didn’t get up in_time. 2．Do remember to watch_out_for cars while crossing the street. 3．At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket, which broke_out at ten this morning. 4．When the professor turned up, all the students cheered_up. 5．Class Three should be responsible for raising the red flag this week in_its_turn. 6．Now_that you have grown up, you should not rely on your parents. Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補全句子 1．這些游客們回到賓館，又累又困。(形容詞短語作狀語) These travelers returned to the hotel, tired_and_sleepy. 2．無論他在哪里，早飯前散散步成為他的習(xí)慣。(make it ＋n.＋to do ...) No matter where he is, he makes_it_a_rule_to_go_for_a_walk before breakfast. 3．李明的手機看起來和張華的一樣，但價格是他的兩倍。(倍數(shù)表達法) Li Ming’s mobile phone looked just the same as Zhang Hua’s, but the price was twice_as_much_as Zhang Hua’s. Ⅲ.應(yīng)用文分步寫作 假定你是中學(xué)生李華，你愛好太空探險但是卻得不到父母的理解，于是你給英國朋友Stephen發(fā)電子郵件進行交流并請求幫助。要點如下： 1．你的觀點； 2．父母的意見。 注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右； 2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 第一步：準(zhǔn)確審題，理行文脈絡(luò)，擬寫作要點 本寫作是一封求助信，時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，人稱為第一人稱。此書面表達開放性較大，題干給出的信息非常有限，因此準(zhǔn)確審題并準(zhǔn)確表達要點至關(guān)重要。文章可分三個層次：首先點明寫信目的(尋求幫助)；主體部分陳述你對太空探險的熱愛程度，并說明你的觀點(健康的愛好有利于全面發(fā)展)及父母的觀點(愛好影響學(xué)習(xí))；最后表達希望(希望對方提供幫助)。 要點1：我寫信向你求助。 Im_writing_to_seek_your_help. 要點2－①：我對太空探索癡迷。 Im_crazy_about_space_exploration. 要點2－②：我認(rèn)為健康的愛好有利于我們的全面發(fā)展。(overall) I_think_healthy_hobbies_are_beneficial_to_our_overall_development. 要點2－③：我的父母認(rèn)為我的愛好遲早會對我的學(xué)習(xí)有不好的影響。 My_parents_think_my_hobby_will_have_a_bad_effect_on_my_study_in_time. 要點3：我希望你能給我提供一些寶貴的建議。期待你的早日答復(fù)。 I_hope_you_can_offer_me_some_valuable_suggestions._Looking_forward_to_your_early_reply. 第二步：添加細(xì)節(jié)，文意更豐滿，表達更亮眼 為了使內(nèi)容更充實，我們需要對要點進行添枝加葉，讓要點在內(nèi)容上和形式上更豐滿。要點2－①增加癡迷于太空探索經(jīng)常做的事情，并用so ...that ...倒裝句型提升作文檔次；要點2后增加細(xì)節(jié)句“父母為此所采取的行動”；要點3使用高級句式Id appreciate it if ...表達殷切盼望。 拓展要點2－①：我對太空探索如此癡迷以至于我常去圖書館閱讀有關(guān)太空探索的東西。(so ... that ...倒裝句型) So_crazy_am_I_about_space_exploration_that_I_often_go_to_the_library_to_read_something_about_space_exploration. 補充要點2：他們試圖阻止我去圖書館。 (prevent ...from) They_try_to_prevent_me_from_going_to_the_library. 升級要點3：如果你能給我提供一些寶貴的建議我將感激不盡。期待你的早日答復(fù)。(Id appreciate it if ...) Id_appreciate_it_if_you_could_offer_me_some_valuable_suggestions.Looking_forward_to_your_early_reply. 第三步：連句成文，排語句順序，重銜接過渡 結(jié)合要點，文章可分兩段來成文，介紹你及父母對太空探索的觀點時可添加連接詞but， as a consequence把基本要點和拓展要點巧妙銜接，以使行文連貫。 Dear_Stephen， Im writing to seek your help. So crazy am I about space exploration that I often go to the library to read something about space exploration.I think healthy hobbies are beneficial to our overall development. But my parents think my hobby will have a bad effect on my study in time.As a consequence, they try to prevent me from going to the library. Id appreciate it if you could offer me some valuable suggestions.Looking forward to your early reply. Yours， Li_Hua 理清文體結(jié)構(gòu)之(十四)　說明文之事理類——掌握行文結(jié)構(gòu)最重要 事理類說明文在某個程度上與議論文相似，在文章開頭往往提出一個現(xiàn)象，接著以科學(xué)研究成果為例，說明這個現(xiàn)象的普遍性與真實性，在文章最后給出結(jié)論，與篇首的現(xiàn)象相互印證。 　　[高考典例]　2016天津卷C篇 [速讀全文，理行文結(jié)構(gòu)] 　　[1]When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier. [2]These are the findings of a 40year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. “Boys who worked in the home or munity gained petence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，” said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理學(xué)家) who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.” [3]Vaillant’s study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers pared the men’s mentalhealth scores with their boyhoodactivity scores. Points were awarded for parttime jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems. [4]The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. [5]Working — at any age — is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and petence — the underpinnings (基礎(chǔ)) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward mon goals. The most petent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.” 1.提出現(xiàn)象(第1段) 童年時期幫助做家務(wù)的孩子長大后更快樂。(可解46題) 2.以研究成果為例說明該現(xiàn)象的普遍性和真實性 用數(shù)字驗證現(xiàn)象 3.給出結(jié)論 第5段點明工作的重要性，童年時期的各項活動能夠幫助孩子情感健康發(fā)展，這也印證了第1段提出的現(xiàn)象。(可解50題) [定區(qū)間細(xì)比對] 46．What do we know about John? A．He enjoyed his career and marriage. B．He had few childhood playmates. C．He received little love from his family. D．He was envied by others in his childhood. 50．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．petent adults know more about love than work. B．Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life. C．Love brings more joy to people than work does. D．Independence is the key to one’s success. [答案]　46.A　50.B 46．由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第1段劃波浪線部分，分析得出答案。 50．由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段(結(jié)論段)，歸納得出答案。