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Unit 5 Music 一、閱讀理解 Joseph Goldberger was a doctor for the United States Public Health Service and he was an advocate for scientific and social recognition of the links between poverty and disease.In 1914，Goldberger was asked by US Surgeon General Rupert Blue to study a skin disease that was killing thousands of people in the South.The disease was pellagra(糙皮病)． Goldberger traveled to the state of Mississippi where many people suffered from pellagra.He studied the victims and their families.Most of the people lived a hard life.The doctor came to believe that the disease didnt pass on from one to another，but was instead related to food.He received permission from the state governor to test this idea at a prison.Prisoners were offered pardons if they took part.One group of prisoners received their usual foods，mostly corn products.A second group ate meat，fresh vegetables and drank milk.Members of the first group developed pellagra.The second group did not. But some medical researchers refused to accept Goldbergers idea.For the South，pellagra was more than simply a medical problem.There were other things，including Southern pride. So Goldberger had himself injected(注射)with blood from a person with pellagra.He also took liquid from the nose and throat of a pellagra patient and put them into his own nose and throat.He even swallowed pills that contained skin from pellagra patients.An assistant also took part in the experiments.So did Goldbergers wife.None of them got sick. Joseph Goldberger died of cancer in 1929.He was fiftyfive years old.Several years later，researchers discovered the exact cause of pellagra：a lack of vitamin B3 known as niacin. 1．Who were easy targets of pellagra according to Goldberger? A．People in America. B．People put into prison. C．People having a poor diet. D．People touching pellagra patients. 2．What did Goldberger want to prove by the experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．Pellagra wasnt so terrible. B．Pellagra didnt spread. C．Pellagra could be cured. D．Pellagra wasnt a medical problem. 3．Which words can be used to describe Goldberger? A．Devoted and determined. B．Selfless and friendly. C．Patient and expert. D．Stubborn and enthusiastic. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了美國(guó)醫(yī)生Joseph Goldberger研究糙皮病的患病原因的過(guò)程。Joseph Goldberger醫(yī)生的認(rèn)真、犧牲精神令人感動(dòng)。 【難句分析】The doctor came to believe that the disease didnt pass on from one to another，but was instead related to food. 分析：本句是一個(gè)含有that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句。that 從句中，but連接兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)。 譯文：這位醫(yī)生漸漸相信這種病不是傳染性的，而是與食物有關(guān)。 1．C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Most of the people lived a hard life...the disease didnt pass on from one to another，but was instead related to food”，再結(jié)合Goldberger在監(jiān)獄進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)的內(nèi)容可知，在Joseph Goldberger看來(lái)，糙皮病和食物有關(guān)，而且患者大多生活條件差；再結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)中提到的主要吃玉米制品的犯人最后患上了該病可知，不良的飲食容易導(dǎo)致人們患糙皮病。 2．B　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中提到的Goldberger認(rèn)為糙皮病不是傳染病以及第四段中提到的他為了證明自己的觀點(diǎn)而進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)的內(nèi)容(將患糙皮病的人的血液注射到自己的體內(nèi)、將糙皮病病人的鼻腔和口腔中的液體放入自己的鼻腔和口腔以及吞咽含有糙皮病病人的皮膚組織的藥丸)和結(jié)果(他沒患病)可推知，Goldberger進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了證明糙皮病不傳染。 3．A　考查推理判斷。文中提到的Goldberger在監(jiān)獄及在他自己身上做實(shí)驗(yàn)的內(nèi)容表明他全心全意地投入到對(duì)糙皮病的研究中，有奉獻(xiàn)精神；盡管一些人不認(rèn)可Goldberger的觀點(diǎn)，但他仍堅(jiān)持自己的看法并堅(jiān)決地去證明自己的觀點(diǎn)是正確的，這體現(xiàn)出他意志堅(jiān)定。故選A。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．The meeting didnt break ________until noon. 答案：up　break up “結(jié)束；解散”。 2．She buried her head under the covers, ________(pretend) to be asleep. 答案：pretending　此處She與pretend之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且pretend表示的動(dòng)作幾乎與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，故用現(xiàn)在分詞pretending作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。 3．The process is ________(pain), but the result is desirable. Remember: no pains, no gains. 答案：painful　此處形容詞painful “痛苦的”，作表語(yǔ)。 4．She was efficient and ________(rely), so we all liked her very much. 答案：reliable　此處形容詞reliable “可靠的”，作表語(yǔ)。 5．He was full of ________(confident) that he would be admitted to the famous university. 答案：confidence　full of confidence “充滿信心”。 6．It is hard for migrant workers ________(earn) a living, especially during the present financial crisis. 答案：to earn　此處to earn a living是不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，句首It是形式主語(yǔ)。 7．The old are very ________(attach) to old customs and habits. 答案：attached　be attached to “依戀……”。 8．Tom and his twin sisters are going to put on a ________ (perform) tomorrow evening. 答案：performance　put on a performance “演出”。 9．To be great, you must be smart, confident, and, ________all, honest. 答案：above　above all為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“最重要；首先”。 10．(2017北京高考)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. 答案：whose　本空需要關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，句子還原后的表達(dá)是one of its purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation，這里把作定語(yǔ)的人稱代詞its改為whose，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作定語(yǔ)，指代前面的名詞the World Food Programme，因此填whose。 三、完形填空 Kobe Bryant, a super basketball star, announced that he would retire at the end of the 2015－16 season via a letter poem. In the letter, he __1__ the moment he started rolling his dad’s tube socks and shooting __2__ game-winning shots, indicating his deep love for basketball. “This season is all I have left to give,” the 37-year-old wrote, “My heart can take the pounding. My mind can __3__ the grind(苦差)but my __4__ knows it’s time to say goodbye.” As the only son of Joe Bryant, a former NBA player, Bryant was crazy about basketball and started __5__ in at 6, and his favorite team growing up was the Lakers. Bryant earned national __6__ during an amazing high school career and his basketball skills would have ensured __7__ to any college he chose, but he decided to go directly into the NBA. He finally made it and was __8__ out of high school in 1996 and was then traded to the Lakers, for which he has played his entire career. __9__, Bryant played limited minutes, but as the season continued, he began to see some more playing time and in his second season, he began to show more of his abilities as a talented young guard. The 1998－99 season __10__ Bryant’s appearance as a premier guard in the league. __11__, even at an early stage of his career, sportswriters were paring his skills to those of Michael Jordan and Magic Johnson. There are always different interpretations of Bryant, making him the most __12__ figure in modern sports, a bination of hero and villain(反面人物). He received criticism for getting his __13__ in the games, pletely neglecting his teammates; he was suspended __14__ deliberately breaking rules; he was even charged by the court with sex assault. __15__, with 17 NBA All-Star selections, five NBA championships with the Lakers, two Olympic gold medals, Kobe has brought his fans __16__ memories. His best days are long __17__ him indeed, but the way he approaches the game as well as life is always glamorous. We’ve always known, and __18__ are mentally prepared, that one day Kobe Bryant will not be __19__. Yet his retirement note still caught us off guard. It simply __20__ when farewell words are uttered(說(shuō)出)from one of the all-time greats in basketball. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：文章主要講述科比退役一事，并由此介紹了科比的詳細(xì)情況。 1.A. remembered B. recalled C. recorded D. retold 【答案】B 【解析】recall意為“回憶”，符合語(yǔ)境，即指他回憶當(dāng)年的情況。 2.A. imaginary B. original C. practical D. contemporary 【答案】A 【解析】imaginary想象的；original原始的，原有的；practical實(shí)際的；contemporary現(xiàn)代的，當(dāng)代的，同一時(shí)代的。根據(jù)該空前面的“rolling his Dad’s tube socks and shooting”可知，他當(dāng)年是用他爸爸的圓筒短襪當(dāng)球打的，所以只能算是想象中的比賽。 3.A. treat B. operate C. pete D. handle 【答案】D 【解析】handle意為“處理；應(yīng)付”，符合語(yǔ)境，即“我”的思想上可以受得了這種苦差。 4.A. coach B. soul C. body D. teammates 【答案】C 【解析】body與前面的mind相對(duì)應(yīng)，即思想上承受得了這個(gè)苦差，但是身體上承受不了，要退役了。 5.A. involving B. diving C. participating D. throwing 【答案】B 【解析】dive in為固定搭配，意為“開始(從事)”，符合語(yǔ)境，即他從6歲開始打球。 6.A. confirmation B. recognition C. realization D. remendation 【答案】B 7.A. permission B. occupation C. admission D. submission 【答案】C 【解析】admission在這里意為“錄取”，即憑借他籃球方面的技能，他可以被任何一所他所選擇的大學(xué)錄取。 8.A. drafted B. removed C. substituted D. employed 【答案】A 【解析】draft本義為“征募”，在這里表示“被選中”，符合語(yǔ)境，即他被NBA選中。 9.A. Previously B. Frequently C. Basically D. Initially 【答案】D 【解析】initially意為“開始；最初”。起初，Bryant鍛煉有限的時(shí)間，后來(lái)慢慢增加練習(xí)時(shí)間。previously 先前地；frequently 頻繁地，經(jīng)常地；basically基本地。 10.A. represented B. symbolized C. marked D. reflected 【答案】C 【解析】mark...as...為固定搭配，意為“把……標(biāo)志為……”，符合語(yǔ)境，即1998~1999年是Bryant事業(yè)突飛猛進(jìn)的時(shí)期。 11.A. In addition B. In fact C. Therefore D. Then 【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容可知，用in fact承接。事實(shí)上，早在他的事業(yè)剛起步時(shí)，有關(guān)報(bào)道者便將他的技巧與喬丹等相提并論了。 12.A. outstanding B. ridiculous C. controversial D. honourable 【答案】C 【解析】outstanding杰出的；ridiculous可笑的；controversial有爭(zhēng)議的；authentic真實(shí)的。根據(jù)后半句中的“a bination of hero and villain”可知，他是一個(gè)有爭(zhēng)議的人物，因此選C。 13.A. way B. scores C. manner D. benefit 【答案】A 【解析】get one’s way為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“隨心所欲”，符合語(yǔ)境，即批評(píng)他打球沒有團(tuán)隊(duì)合作精神，隨心所欲、單打獨(dú)斗。 14.A. in response to B. in terms of C. on account of D. in the absence of 【答案】C 【解析】on account of意為“因?yàn)椤?，符合語(yǔ)境，即他因?yàn)楣室膺`規(guī)而被停賽。 15.A. Instead B. Meanwhile C. Otherwise D. However 【答案】D 16.A. boring B. disappointing C. shocking D. thrilling 【答案】D 【解析】boring枯燥無(wú)味的；disappointing令人失望的；shocking令人震驚的；thrilling刺激的，令人激動(dòng)的。根據(jù)上下文可知，D項(xiàng)正確，即科比總給他的粉絲激動(dòng)的感覺。 17.A. above B. before C. behind D. beyond 【答案】C 【解析】他的輝煌已成過(guò)去。 18.A. more or less B. sooner or later C. now and then D. by and by 【答案】A 【解析】more or less意為“或多或少地”，符合語(yǔ)境。我們或多或少地在思想上做好了準(zhǔn)備。sooner or later 遲早；now and then不時(shí)地；by and by不久以后。 19.A. around B. here C. there D. about 【答案】A 20.A. works B. hurts C. suffers D. separates 【答案】B 【解析】當(dāng)科比說(shuō)再見時(shí)，大家會(huì)感到心痛。根據(jù)句意可知，B項(xiàng)正確。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．Her devotion in the job left her with very little free time. ________________________________________________________ 答案：in→to　devotion名詞“奉獻(xiàn)；熱愛”常與to搭配。 2．Help in form of money will be very wele. ________________________________________________________ 答案：in后加the　in the form of “以……形式”。 3．This is a kind of flower familiar with many of us. ________________________________________________________ 答案：with→to　Sth. is familiar to sb. “某物是某人所熟知的”。 4．My uncle says that he never dreams being rich in a short period of time. ________________________________________________________ 答案：dreams后加of或about　dream of/about “夢(mèng)想”。 5．He is so diligent that he never goes anywhere with a book. ________________________________________________________ 答案：with→without　never ... without ... 是雙重否定表達(dá)肯定含義的用法。