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Cultural relics 一、閱讀理解 It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar, but new research suggests a glass a day cold form part of a diet. Looking at past studies they found that, while heavy drinkers do put on weight; those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight. A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says, ＂Light to moderate alcohol intake, especially of wine, may be more likely to protect against, rather than promote, weight gain.＂ The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions, particularly that data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight. Boston University’s Dr. Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms(生物學(xué)機(jī)制) relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood. His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes(糖尿病), which relate to increasing obesity. Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers. The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat, and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods. They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks, taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight. For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases one’s risk of being obese. What’s more, a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol, a pound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells. 1.The passage is mainly for those_________. A. who produce wine B. who have a drinking habit C. who go on a diet D. who are eager to lose weight 2.The underlined phrase＂ in moderation＂ in the first paragraph means _________. A. excitedly B. carefully C. frequently D. properly 3.What can we learn from the passage? A. Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight. B. Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of being fat. C. The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect. D. The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear. 4.What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A. How to do some easy experiments. B. How to reduce the calories contained in wine. C. How to prove the finding mentioned above. D. How to make wine in a healthy way. 【文章大意】文章講述了飲酒和健康的關(guān)系，告訴我們適量葡萄酒還會(huì)減肥。 1.B【解析】推理判斷題。文章講述了飲酒和健康的關(guān)系，比如和肥胖、疾病等的關(guān)系。所以說(shuō)是寫(xiě)給有 喝酒習(xí)慣的人的，故選B。 2.D【解析】猜測(cè)詞義題。與上句形成對(duì)比，此處指適量飲酒的人事實(shí)上能減肥，moderation＂適度＂與D 項(xiàng)同義，故選D。 4.C【解析】推理判斷題。文章最后講到葡萄酒和紅酒混合會(huì)破壞肥胖細(xì)胞，所以下文會(huì)證明這一觀點(diǎn)， 故選C。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2017北京高考)The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 答案：that　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是the little problems，且從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，故用that。 2．(2017天津高考)My eldest son, ________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. 答案：whose　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處缺少非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，且與其后名詞存在所屬關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用whose。 3．Mr Reed ________ (select) to represent us in the meeting has been sent to have a talk with them. 答案：selected　由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作后置定語(yǔ)。select與其所修飾的Mr Reed之間為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此填selected。 4．It was clearly ________(evidence) that the pany was in great difficulties. 答案：evident　It is/was evident that ... 是常用句型，意為“很明顯……”。 5．Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how ________(survive) without friends in life. 答案：to survive　“疑問(wèn)詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”在本句中作表語(yǔ)，how to survive “怎么生存”。 6．I dont really fancy ________ (do) business with him. 答案：doing　fancy doing ... “想要做……”。 7．He was severely criticized and ________ (remove) from his post. 答案：removed　remove sb. from his post “開(kāi)除某人”，此處是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因此填removed。 8．It is said that the early European playing cards ________ (design) for entertainment and education. 答案：were designed　be designed for “為……而設(shè)計(jì)”。 9．We ________(face) the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me? 答案：could have faced　由后一分句可知，前一分句謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用could have done結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“過(guò)去我們本來(lái)可以共同面對(duì)困難”。 10．All the workers ________(belong) to the factory must obey the rule. 答案：belonging　由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)填belong的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，workers與belong to之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。故用現(xiàn)在分詞belonging to作后置定語(yǔ)。belong to無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 三、完形填空 On Christmas Eve，an old man experienced an act of warmth from a local store.The man，who asked not to be identified，was sent home from the emergency room，still not feeling well enough to __1__.The nurses ignored that he was still dizzy and did not feel __2__ behind the wheel.The nurses insisted he was fine and helped put him in his car. Less than a mile down the road his __3__ started playing tricks on him.He thought __4__ he got something and __5__ for several minutes he would be OK.__6__， there was a St.Louis Bread pany store nearby. Then he entered the store and spoke through the window，having very little __7__.At first，the order taker could not understand him.He explained that he just needed a slice of bread，or something light and he only had a couple dollars in __8__.The girl in the window asked him to __9__ while she checked what had been left in the bakery. A few moments later she came back with a large smile on her face and __10__ in her hand.She __11__ presented a loaf of bread and a fancy chocolate cake to the man and said that they were __12__ her.The man offered up her the __13__ and it was quickly turned down.The employee asked if the man was OK to drive and offered to __14__ a police officer in the dining room to follow him home. The man was so __15__ for the generosity of the employee.Not just because she gave him enough bread to help him feel better，but she did it with a(n) __16__.He wasnt looked down upon or __17__ insultingly.The man said it helped him feel better emotionally as well after a __18__ day in the hospital. This story goes to show that one simple loaf of bread can not only __19__ a person for a few meals，but wake the __20__ and help restore the faith in mankind. 1．A.eat B．drive C．survive D．walk 2．A.peaceful B．nervous C．fortable D．fearful 3．A.nurse B．coldness C．car D．eyesight 4．A.though B．before C．if D．because 5．A.shopped B．cooked C．chewed D．looked 6．A.Fortunately B．Immediately C．Slowly D．Obviously 7．A.sleep B．gas C．courage D．voice 8．A.change B．control C．shape D．number 9．A.wait B．think C．move D．listen 10．A.package B．wine C．food D．cash 11．A.hesitantly B．cheerfully C．regretfully D．calmly 12．A.on B．in C．for D．with 13．A.reward B．service C．gratitude D．money 14．A.request B．order C．forbid D．permit 15．A.anxious B．ready C．grateful D．frightened 16．A.ambition B．smile C．nod D．wish 17．A.respected B．loved C．treated D．a(chǎn)dmired 18．A.special B．happy C．busy D．tough 19．A.feed B．save C．starve D．a(chǎn)ttract 20．A.animals B．family C．beggar D．soul 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過(guò)講述一位身體不適的老人在醫(yī)院受到的粗暴對(duì)待和在面包店受到的熱情關(guān)懷，批評(píng)了勢(shì)利和冷漠的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，贊揚(yáng)了人性的善良和熱情。 1．B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“behind the wheel”和“put him in his car”可知，此處指老人還沒(méi)有恢復(fù)到能夠自己開(kāi)車(chē)的程度。故選B。 2．C　考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“平靜的”；B項(xiàng)意為“緊張的”；C項(xiàng)意為“舒服的”；D項(xiàng)意為“害怕的”。根據(jù)本句中的“he was still dizzy”可知，他還不舒服，不宜開(kāi)車(chē)。故選C。 3．D　考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“護(hù)士”；B項(xiàng)意為“寒冷”；C項(xiàng)意為“汽車(chē)”；D項(xiàng)意為“視力”。根據(jù)下文老人認(rèn)為自己弄點(diǎn)東西吃就沒(méi)事了可知，他覺(jué)得自己可能太餓了，以至于有點(diǎn)眼花。因此，應(yīng)該是視力在和他開(kāi)玩笑。故選D。 4．C　考查連詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指他如果能吃點(diǎn)東西就會(huì)好了。應(yīng)用if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。故選C。 5．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)前面的“got something”和下文可知，此處指與吃相關(guān)的動(dòng)作。C項(xiàng)意為“咀嚼”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。 6．A　考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“幸運(yùn)地，幸虧”；B項(xiàng)意為“立刻”；C項(xiàng)意為“慢慢地”；D項(xiàng)意為“明顯地”。前一句講到老人覺(jué)得如果能有東西吃可能就沒(méi)事了，后面說(shuō)正好附近有家面包店，所以這是幸運(yùn)的。故選A。 7．D　考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“睡眠”；B項(xiàng)意為“汽油，煤氣”；C項(xiàng)意為“勇氣”；D項(xiàng)意為“聲音”。根據(jù)前文講到老人感到不適、頭昏眼花可知，此處指他沒(méi)力氣說(shuō)話(huà)，所以說(shuō)話(huà)聲音很小。故選D。 8．A　考查名詞辨析。此處老人解釋自己只有幾塊錢(qián)零錢(qián)，表示錢(qián)不多的意思。change意為“零錢(qián)”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。 9．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。面包店的女孩要看一下店里還有什么可給老人吃，所以她讓老人稍等一下。A項(xiàng)意為“等待”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。 10．C　考查名詞辨析。女孩是去給老人找吃的，所以她回來(lái)時(shí)應(yīng)該是手里拿著食物。故選C。 11．B　考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“猶豫地”；B項(xiàng)意為“開(kāi)心地”；C項(xiàng)意為“遺憾地”；D項(xiàng)意為“冷靜地”。根據(jù)上一句中的“with a large smile on her face”可知，女孩找到了食物給老人吃，應(yīng)會(huì)很開(kāi)心。故選B。 12．A　考查介詞辨析。sth.be on sb.意為“某物由某人付賬”。此處指女孩說(shuō)給老人的這些食物由她買(mǎi)單。故選A。 13．D　考查名詞辨析。前文講到女孩要為老人買(mǎi)單，所以此處表示老人要把錢(qián)給女孩。故選D。 14．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。面包店的女店員察覺(jué)到老人身體不適，因此問(wèn)他能否自己開(kāi)車(chē)，并請(qǐng)求在店里就餐的警官陪他回家。request sb.to do sth.意為“請(qǐng)求某人做某事”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。 15．C　考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“焦慮的”；B項(xiàng)意為“現(xiàn)成的，情愿的”；C項(xiàng)意為“感謝的”；D項(xiàng)意為“害怕的”。老人非常感激店員的這種慷慨和熱情。故選C。 16．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和上文中的“with a large smile”可知，老人之所以感謝女孩不僅僅是因?yàn)樗退缘模彩且驗(yàn)榕⒃谧鲞@些事的時(shí)候面帶笑容。故選B。 17．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)上文女孩對(duì)待老人的態(tài)度可知，他沒(méi)有被瞧不起或被粗暴地對(duì)待。故選C。 18．D　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中對(duì)老人在醫(yī)院的經(jīng)歷可知，他受到了護(hù)士粗暴的對(duì)待，所以在醫(yī)院的一天是艱難的。tough意為“艱難的，不容易的”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。 19．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意為：這個(gè)故事表明一條面包不僅能讓人吃好幾頓，還能喚醒人們的靈魂，有助于重拾對(duì)人性的信心。feed意為“為……提供食物”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。 20．D　考查名詞辨析。句意為：這個(gè)故事表明一條面包不僅能讓人吃好幾頓，還能喚醒人們的靈魂，有助于重拾對(duì)人性的信心。soul意為“靈魂，精神”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。 亮點(diǎn)句積累：This story goes to show that one simple loaf of bread can not only feed a person for a few meals，but wake the soul and help restore the faith in mankind.(最后一段) 譯文：這個(gè)故事表明一條面包不僅能讓人吃好幾頓，還能喚醒人們的靈魂，有助于人們重拾對(duì)人性的信心。 詞匯積累：identify v．認(rèn)出，同情　emergency n．緊急情況　present v．呈現(xiàn) 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．The boys behavior was high thought of by all the people present. ________________________________________________________ 答案：high→highly　think highly of ... “高度評(píng)價(jià)……”。 2．What can we do for them in return all the help they have given us? ________________________________________________________ 答案：return后加for　in return for ... “作為對(duì)……的回報(bào)”。 3．It is very worth making an effort to promote the public awareness of environmental protection. ________________________________________________________ 答案：very→well　be well worth doing ... “非常值得做……”。 4．The rescue workers removed the stones in search for any survivor. ________________________________________________________ 答案：for→of　in search of ... “尋找……”。 5．There is no doubt what a cleaner does is harder pared with any other job in the society. ________________________________________________________ 答案：doubt后加that　There is no doubt that ... “毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)……”。 五、七選五 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 (2017～2018洛陽(yáng)市上學(xué)期尖子生第一次聯(lián)考) Getting out into the great outdoors is an even better idea than you think.__1__ It also creates some wonderful summer memories for your family.Need more convincing evidence？There are some benefits of camping as a family，including how its great for your health. Its good exercise.Lets not forget the most obvious benefit of camping. __2__ Even if youre taking a fishing trip，youre burning more calories than youll burn sitting indoors.And if you hike or bike，youre performing cardiovascular(心血管的)exercise that will help keep your heart and lungs healthy. __3__ Youve probably tried unplugging the TV at home，but short of throwing it out of the window，because kids are going to watch more than we want them to.Out in the wild，there is no television.Youll watch nature together，go exploring，and have that oneonone attention you need as a family. It is a good way to truly connect with nature.Too often we take nature for granted.In fact，spending a few days in nature with the family will teach your kids thins they may have never known before.__4__ However，in the wild they will learn how to build a fire，catch fish，see animal habitats，and all the natural architecture nature offers. You have no stress after the camping.Vacations can be stressful.Sometimes when you get home from vacations，you need another rest for your last vacation.__5__ Youll get home feeling energetic.Its even better than a cup of coffee. A．You can stay away from TV. B．They may know how to work an iPad. C．Youll meet new challenges each time. D．Sure，it saves some money if you stays in a camper. E．Youre spending a lot of time performing physical activities. F．Many campers report better sleep cycles when they return from a trip. G．But once you settle into camping with your family，the stress of every day will disappear. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了和家人一起進(jìn)行戶(hù)外活動(dòng)的好處。 【段意梳理】 第一段：點(diǎn)明和家人一起進(jìn)行戶(hù)外活動(dòng)會(huì)帶來(lái)好處。 第二至五段：具體介紹了和家人進(jìn)行戶(hù)外活動(dòng)的好處。 1．D　上文說(shuō)走出去到戶(hù)外比你想象的還要好，下文說(shuō)它也能為你的家人創(chuàng)造一些美好的夏日回憶。D項(xiàng)“如果你待在一個(gè)野營(yíng)車(chē)?yán)铮@當(dāng)然會(huì)為你節(jié)省錢(qián)”符合語(yǔ)境，且下文的“camping”也是提示，故選D。 2．E　本段的主題為“它是很好的鍛煉”，而E項(xiàng)“你正在花費(fèi)很多時(shí)間進(jìn)行體育鍛煉”是對(duì)下文具體內(nèi)容的概括，符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。 3．A　空處是段落主題句。本段主要講到戶(hù)外活動(dòng)可以使你和家人遠(yuǎn)離電視，而A項(xiàng)“你能遠(yuǎn)離電視”概括準(zhǔn)確，符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。 4．B　上文說(shuō)“事實(shí)上和家人一起在大自然中度過(guò)幾天會(huì)教會(huì)你的孩子他們之前可能不知道的事情”，再結(jié)合空后一句可知，空處應(yīng)講孩子在室內(nèi)會(huì)的事情，B項(xiàng)“他們可能會(huì)操作iPad”，空處前后形成語(yǔ)義上的銜接，故選B。 5．G　本段的主題是露營(yíng)后你會(huì)沒(méi)有壓力，且根據(jù)本段中的描述可知，G項(xiàng)“但是，一旦你適應(yīng)和家人一起露營(yíng)，每天的壓力就會(huì)消失”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。