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必修5　Unit 1　Great scientists 一、閱讀理解 A The story of Sir Nicholas Winton is the one that you would imagine could only happen on the silver screen. Sir Nicholas Winton was a British man who went to heroic efforts, potentially putting himself at risk, during World War II. Sir Winton was responsible for ensuring the safety of six hundred and sixty-nine Jewish children by aiding their escape from countries occupied by Nazis. Finally, the Jewish children were brought to England where he worked to make sure families in his native country would help the kids by taking them into their homes. Recently, this unbelievable story has again been making the rounds on the Internet, particularly after a rerun of the BBC show called “That’s Life”, which featured Sir Winton. People around the world were moved at the details of the story, with saying it to be the best story they’ve ever seen. Sir Winton kept his entire plan pletely secret, even his wife had no idea about his planning until fifty years later. After the war, years passed and many people remained in the dark about Sir Winton’s extraordinary achievement. Some fifty years later, his wife Greta was searching in their house and discovered a Winton’s notebook which documented the names of all the children. She worked with BBC and they produced a TV episode (插曲) of their program “That’s Life” that served as an honor for Sir Winton’s work. In 2003, Sir Winton was knighted by the Queen of England for his work. He also was even nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize. He also had a small planet named after him by Czech astronomers. Sir Winton died peacefully in his sleep at the old age of one hundred and six, in 2015. Leaders around the world paid tribute (悼念). Israel’s ambassador to the United Kingdom, Daniel Taub, said, “He was a hero of our time, having saved 669 Jewish children from Nazis. His story, as a point of light in a period of darkness, will forever be remembered.” 1.What happened to the 669 Jewish children? A. They were killed by Nazis. B. They returned to their own homes. C. They fled to their native countries. D. They were raised by English families. 2.What made Winton’s story spread widely? A. People’s chatting online. B. The program “That’s Life”. C. His wife’s promotion. D. Praises from some leaders. 3.Which of the following can replace the underlined expression “remained in the dark’, in Paragraph 3? A. felt doubtful B. remained moved C. knew nothing D. criticized something 4.What do we know about Winton? A. He was born in 1909. B. Nazis tried to arrest him. C. He named a small planet. D. Many children paid tribute to him. 【文章大意】文章主要講述Sir Nicholas Winton在納粹期間幫助669個(gè)猶太孩子逃到英國的故事。如今而且BBC把這一故事搬上熒幕，讓大眾知道在黑暗時(shí)期還有這樣一個(gè)英雄給人們帶來光明。 1.D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Finally, the Jewish children were brought to England where he worked to make sure families in his native country would help the kids by taking them into their homes.”可知，669個(gè)猶太人孩子被帶到了英國，并由英國家庭收養(yǎng)。故選D。 3.C 【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)前面的句意可知，Sir Nicholas Winton一直對(duì)自己的英雄事跡保密，甚至是他的妻子。所以，此處應(yīng)為不為人們所知道。故選C。 4.A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Sir Winton died peacefully in his sleep at the old age of one hundred and six, in 2015.”可知，Sir Winton 生于1909年。故選A。 B Have you heard of the following people? Maybe yes, maybe no. But they may be an inspiration for you. The Tree Lady Kate Sessions was an American botanist and landscape architect closely associated with San Diego, California. After being the first woman to graduate from the University of California, Berkeley, she took a job as a teacher far south in the dry desert town of San Diego. Kate decided that San Diego needed trees more than anything else. Therefore this young woman singlehandedly started a movement transforming the town into the leafy, gardenfilled place as it is today. The Snowflake (雪花) Man Wilson Bentley is one of the first known photographers of snowflakes. His enthusiasm for taking photos of snowflakes began from his boyhood and was often misunderstood in his time, but his determination revealed two important truths: no two snowflakes are alike; and each one is surprisingly beautiful. In 1931, he worked with William J. Humphreys of the U．S. Weather Bureau to publish Snow Crystals, a book containing 2, 500 photographs. The Father of His Country By the late 1760s, George Washington had experienced firsthand the effects of rising taxes imposed(征收) on American colonists by the British, and came to believe that it was in the best interests of the colonists to declare independence from England. During the American War of Independence, he led the colonial forces to victory. In 1787, he was elected president of the Convention that wrote the U．S. Constitution. Two years later, Washington became Americas first president. His retirement from office after two terms established a tradition that lasted until 1940, when Franklin Delano Roosevelt won a third term. The 22nd Amendment (1951) now limits the president to two elected terms. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了三位鼓舞人心的名人。 1. Who made a great contribution to beautifying an area? A．George Washington. B．Wilson Bentley. C．Kate Sessions. D．William J. Humphreys. 答案與解析：C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“she took a job as a teacher far south in the dry desert town of San Diego”和“this young woman singlehandedly started a movement transforming the town into the leafy, gardenfilled place as it is today”可知，Kate Sessions在將圣地亞哥的一個(gè)荒漠小鎮(zhèn)變成宜人的地方上作出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。故選C。 2. What is Wilson Bentley famous for? A．His creative ideas to publish books. B．His persistence in photographing snowflakes. C．His courage to fight against prejudice. D．His devotion to teaching kids scientific truths. 答案與解析：B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容尤其是“Wilson Bentley is one of the first known photographers of snowflakes. His enthusiasm for taking photos of snowflakes...”可知，Wilson Bentley以堅(jiān)持拍攝雪花而出名。故選B。 3. What does the author say about George Washington? A．He was a national hero. B．He was born into a poor family. C．He became Americas president in 1787. D．He served three terms as the President of America. 答案與解析：A　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“came to believe that it was in the best interests of the colonists to declare independence from England. During the American War of Independence, he led the colonial forces to victory”可知，他開始意識(shí)到宣布從英國獨(dú)立對(duì)殖民地定居者最有利。美國獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭期間，他帶領(lǐng)殖民地的武裝力量獲得了勝利，即美國獲得了獨(dú)立，由此可推知，他是美國的民族英雄。 二、七選五 When high temperatures are around the country，some things also go up.Here are four things expected to rise along with our desire to stay indoors and beat the heat. 1．Sales of goods that keep you cool Malls are high on the list of places where people often go for free air conditioning outside home in summer.__1__ Goods related to keeping cool，like air conditioners，fans or sun care items，are very popular. 2．__2__ Pests like stink bugs(椿象)grow fast during summer heat waves，and many agriculture experts are expecting a repeat of last years outbreak that harmed fruit and crops，particularly on the East Coast. 3．Energy bills __3__ With all those air conditioners and fans working，it makes sense that energy bills will be higher than average.__4__ “Not only are people going to have extremely high energy bills for July，it will also put increased stress on power plants，and were going to see more air pollution because of it，” says Angela Fritz. 4．Violence Heat waves may cause violence，right? “Not necessarily，”says Richard Larrick，a researcher.He took a unique look at the relationship between violence and heat through baseball.Larrick and his research team examined 57,294 Major League Baseball games taking place between 1962 and 2017 and found that while heat may increase violence，there always has to be a motive.“__5__ Instead，heat affects a specific form of violence，” he said. A．Air pollution B．Pest population C．Rising heat is the expected response in any summer. D．Heat does not directly lead to more violence in general. E．More and more people are worried about their expenses. F．As more energy is used，air quality problems may occur. G．So its not a surprise that some sales jump during heat waves. 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了伴隨高溫天氣會(huì)出現(xiàn)的一些事件。 1．G　空前一句提到購物中心是夏天人們外出經(jīng)常去的地方之一，空后一句提到與制冷有關(guān)的商品，如空調(diào)、風(fēng)扇等都很受歡迎，結(jié)合本段小標(biāo)題可知，G項(xiàng)“因此一些(制冷商品的)銷售量在酷暑期猛增就不足為奇了”與此處匹配。 2．B　根據(jù)空處所在位置可知，空處為本段小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)空后的“Pests like stink bugs(椿象)grow fast during summer heat waves”可知，本段主要是說害蟲的數(shù)量在酷暑期也會(huì)快速增長，故B項(xiàng)與此處匹配。 3．E　根據(jù)段落小標(biāo)題Energy bills可知，本段和費(fèi)用有關(guān)，空后又提到(電)風(fēng)扇和空調(diào)的運(yùn)行會(huì)使能源費(fèi)用高于平均水平，故空處應(yīng)講人們對(duì)高溫天氣下使用這些電器的花費(fèi)的擔(dān)憂，所以E項(xiàng)符合語境。 4．F　上文提到能源費(fèi)用增加，下文提到由此會(huì)造成更多的空氣污染。由此可推知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“隨著更多的能源被消耗，空氣質(zhì)量問題可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)”與此處匹配。 5．D　根據(jù)空后一句可知，高溫影響一種特定形式的暴力，且由“Instead”可知，空處與下文呈轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，再結(jié)合上文的“Not necessarily”可知，D項(xiàng)“總的來說，高溫不會(huì)直接導(dǎo)致更多的暴力”與此處匹配。 三、短文改錯(cuò) 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。 (2018陜西省部分學(xué)校第一學(xué)期摸底檢測) As is often the case，when people are attending meetings, having meals or waiting for buses，you can always find it addicted to their phones，pletely ignore others. This is really a mon phenomenon in our life.The reason is because smartphones nowadays can be used for people to play mobile games but keep in touch with friends through QQ and WeChat.However，too many exposure to phones is bad for people in term of health.Moreover，people who were engaged in phones fail to municate well those around them. As far as Im concerned，people should wise make use of their phones to help with their work and study.In addition to，they should care more about their family members and friends rather than smartphones. 【答案】 As is often the case，when people are attending meetings, having meals or waiting for buses，you can always find addicted to their phones，pletely others. This is really a mon phenomenon in our life.The reason is smartphones nowadays can be used for people to play mobile games keep in touch with friends through QQ and WeChat.However，too exposure to phones is bad for people in of health.Moreover，people who engaged in phones fail to municate well those around them. As far as Im concerned，people should make use of their phones to help with their work and study.In addition ，they should care more about their family members and friends rather than smartphones. 第一處：it改為them?？疾榇~。此處表示你總是能發(fā)現(xiàn)他們沉溺于手機(jī)。故將it改 為them。 第二處：ignore改為ignoring。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，ignore與其邏輯主語people之間是主謂關(guān)系，故將ignore改為ignoring。 第三處：because改為that。考查表語從句。The reason is that...是固定句型，意為“原因是……”，that引導(dǎo)表語從句，在從句中不做成分。 第四處：but改為and?？疾檫B詞。根據(jù)語境可知，該處前后是并列關(guān)系，說明手機(jī)的功能，故將but改為and。 第五處：many改為much?？疾橄薅ㄔ~。exposure是不可數(shù)名詞，故將many改為much。 第六處：term改為terms?？疾楣潭ù钆?。in terms of...為固定搭配，意為“就……而言”。 第七處：were改為are?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。此處描述的是客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故將were改為are。 第八處：those前加with。考查介詞。固定搭配municate with sb.意為“和某人交流”，故在those前加with。 第九處：wise改為wisely?？疾楦痹~。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞短語make use of，故將wise改為wisely。 第十處：刪除addition后的to?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“除此之外，此外”，應(yīng)用in addition來表示；in addition to是介詞短語，后跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語，不能單獨(dú)使用。 四、語法填空 I had two boxes in my hands which God gave me __1__ (hold)．He said，“Put all your sorrows in the black box, and all your __2__ (joy) in the gold box.” I listened to his advice, and in the two boxes I stored both my joys and sorrows.The gold one became __3__ (heavy) each day, while the black one was as light as before.With __4__ (curious), I opened the black one; I wanted to find out why.And I saw, in the base of the box, a hole which __5__ (I) sorrows had fallen out through.I showed the hole to God, and thought about it __6__ (careful) for a long time, “I wonder __7__ my sorrows could be.” He smiled a gentle smile __8__ said，“My child, they’re all here with me.” I asked God why he gave me __9__ boxes, and why the black one __10__ (have) a hole.“My child, the gold one is for you to count your blessings; the black one is for you to let go.” 1．to hold　hold和定語從句中的謂語gave之間沒有連詞，故此處用不定式作后置定語。 2．joys　空處與sorrows形成呼應(yīng)，故用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式j(luò)oys，下文的“my joys and sorrows”也是信息提示。 3．heavier　根據(jù)while的提示可知，前后句表示邏輯上的對(duì)比關(guān)系，且與each day呼應(yīng)，故用形容詞比較級(jí)作表語。 4．curiosity　介詞后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，故此處用名詞curiosity作介詞With的賓語。 5．my　此處用形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞sorrows，在句子中作定語。 6．carefully　副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、副詞、形容詞或者整個(gè)句子，在句子中作狀語，故此處用副詞carefully修飾動(dòng)詞thought。 7．where　結(jié)合下文的“My child, they’re all here with me.”可推知，作者疑惑的是自己的悲傷的去向，故用where引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。 8．a(chǎn)nd　根據(jù)語境可知，動(dòng)詞smiled和said表示的是兩個(gè)連續(xù)的動(dòng)作，故用連詞and。 9．the　boxes不是第一次在文章中出現(xiàn)，故用定冠詞the修飾，表示特指。 10．had　根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，文章講述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情，故此處用have的過去式形式。