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專題二十一 生態(tài)環(huán)保類閱讀+社會(huì)文化類閱讀+完形填空+語(yǔ)篇填空+短文改錯(cuò) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2018浙江溫州六校聯(lián)考) The Maldives faces the threat of extinction from rising sea levels,but the government said on Thursday it was looking to the future with plans to build homes and a golf course that can float. An increase in sea levels of just 18 to 59 centimeters would make the Maldives—a nation of a number of tiny coral islands in the Indian Ocean—not suitable for humans to live in by 2100,the UN’s climate change experts have warned. President Mohamed Nasheed has declared a fight for survival,and last month he signed a deal with a Dutch pany to study suggestions for a floating structure that could support a conference centre,homes and an 18-hole golf course. The pany,Dutch Docklands,is currently building floating developments in the Netherlands and Dubai.Its website said it undertook projects that make “l(fā)and from water by providing large-scale floating constructions to create similar conditions as on land”. The Maldives began to work on an artificial island known as the Hulhumale near the crowded capital island of Male in 1997 and more than 30,000 people have been settled there in order to ease crowdedness.The city,which has a population of 100,000,is already protected from rising sea levels by a 30-million-dollar sea wall,and the government is considering increasingly imaginative ways to fight climate change. Nasheed,who held the world’s first underwater cabinet(內(nèi)閣) meeting in October to highlight his people’s serious and difficult situation,has even spoken of buying land elsewhere in the world to enable Maldivians to relocate if their homes are pletely covered. He has also promised to turn his nation into a model for the rest of the world by being “carbon neutral(碳中和)” by 2020.His plan involves ending fossil fuel use and powering all vehicles and buildings from “green” sources such as burning coconut husks. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是生態(tài)環(huán)保類閱讀。講述馬爾代夫人民面對(duì)海平面的上升不得不考慮如何應(yīng)對(duì)被淹沒(méi)的可能?，F(xiàn)在他們開(kāi)始在首都附近建了一個(gè)人工島Hulhumale,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有30,000多人搬到了這個(gè)島上,緩解了一些壓力。最后文章呼吁人們減少二氧化碳的排放。 1.Which of the following about the Maldives is right according to the passage? A.It is made up of many small islands. B.It has been covered by water now. C.It’s people live in underwater houses. D.It’s people live in their floating homes. 答案A 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“An increase in sea levels of just 18 to 59 centimeters would make the Maldives—a nation of a number of tiny coral islands in the Indian Ocean—not suitable for humans to live in by 2100”可知,馬爾代夫由很多小島組成,預(yù)計(jì)2100年可能被水淹沒(méi),不是現(xiàn)在,所以A項(xiàng)正確,而B(niǎo)項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;再根據(jù)第一段“but the government said on Thursday it was looking to the future with plans to build homes and a golf course that can float.”可知C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。答案為A項(xiàng)。 2.What probably is the reason why Mohamed Nasheed chose Dutch Docklands for his plan? A.It has a good fame throughout the world. B.It charged much less than other panies. C.It has experience in building floating structures. D.It supports building floating structures in the world. 答案C 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Its website said it undertook projects that make‘land from water by providing large-scale floating constructions to create similar conditions as on land’”可知,這家公司的網(wǎng)站上顯示他們?cè)?jīng)承擔(dān)過(guò)類似的在水上建造建筑物的任務(wù),所以答案為C項(xiàng)。 3.Why did the Maldives begin to build the Hulhumale? A.Because it could attract more visitors. B.Because the country intended to make it a new capital. C.Because it could fight against climate change. D.Because it could make the capital less crowded. 答案D 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“The Maldives began to work on an artificial island known as the Hulhumale near the crowded capital island of Male in 1997 and more than 30,000 people have been settled there in order to ease crowdedness.”可知,建立Hulhumale的目的是為了減輕首都的交通擁堵?tīng)顩r。答案為D項(xiàng)。 4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A.To promote the idea of low-carbon living style. B.To tell people that the Maldives is disappearing soon. C.To discuss the causes why the Maldives faces extinction. D.To introduce the efforts taken by Maldivians to fight for life. 答案D 解析意圖態(tài)度題。文章主要介紹了由于馬爾代夫是個(gè)島國(guó),海平面的上升有可能導(dǎo)致這個(gè)島國(guó)被淹沒(méi),以及馬爾代夫?yàn)榻鉀Q人類生存這一問(wèn)題而采取的措施。 B (2018四川南充質(zhì)檢) My daughter went to see The Wild One recently and she mented that Marion Brando was wearing jeans so long ago.Of course he helped set the trend,so that got me thinking about the link between films and trends in fashion.Fashion and films have gone hand in hand for long.The Wild One is a good example:it appeared in 1954,starring Brando.Dressed in a black leather motorcycle jacket,leather cap and jeans,he created a look which is still considered “cool” today.Everyone from Madonna to middle-aged men is seen wearing the classic leather motorcycle jacket. Another strong influence on fashion trends was Breakfast at Tiffany’s,stalling Audrey Hepburn.She made famous the simple black dress that looks perfect at either a cocktail party or just standing around an expensive department store like Tiffany’s with a pastry and coffee in your hand,as Audrey Hepburn does in the film.She looks so elegant,wearing simple but beautiful dresses,big dark glasses and a string of pearls around her neck.Audrey Hepburn still influences women’s fashion with her “Tiffany’s look”. In more modern times,the film star Uma Thurman created a major fashion trend when she appeared in the film Pulp Fiction,made in 1994.Her style was very simple.Her black trousers,crisp white shirt and hair style was copied by women in the world. Influencing fashion trends can often be about timing.The movie Memoirs of a Geisha came just in time to start a trend in Japanese fashion.It starred the Chinese actress Zhang Ziyi,who wore beautiful silk kimonos(和服),and it won an Oscar for Costume Design.Many travel panies picked up on the trend and ran “geisha trips” to Japan.The film has also led to a regained interest in kimonos.It is now quite mon to see young Japanese women wearing kimonos not just on traditional occasions,but at various social events.The fashion is also beginning to spread to western countries. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是社會(huì)文化類閱讀。主要介紹了電影對(duì)時(shí)尚的影響,并通過(guò)具體的例子來(lái)證明這一點(diǎn)。 5.What is the best title of the passage? 　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.Films and fashion B.Stars’ fashion C.Influential films D.Film cultures 答案A 解析主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Of course he helped set the trend,so that got me thinking about the link between films and trends in fashion.”可知,本文通過(guò)馬龍白蘭度的著名電影The Wild One 引出了電影能夠影響流行時(shí)尚趨勢(shì)的話題。接下來(lái)列舉多部電影引起流行時(shí)尚變化的例子,由此可知本文正是關(guān)于電影和時(shí)尚的。答案為A項(xiàng)。 6.Who will people associate Madonna wearing the leather motorcycle jacket with? A.Zhang Ziyi. B.Audrey Hepburn. C.Uma Thurman. D.Marlon Brando. 答案D 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段后三句“The Wild One is a good example:it appeared in 1954,starring Brando.Dressed in a black leather motorcycle jacket,leather cap and jeans,he created a look which is still considered ‘cool’ today.Everyone from Madonna to middle-aged men is seen wearing the classic leather motorcycle jacket.”可知,正是Brando在電影The Wild One中的機(jī)車(chē)夾克、牛仔褲和皮帽子的服裝創(chuàng)造出一種現(xiàn)在人們?nèi)匀徽J(rèn)為很酷的時(shí)尚潮流,當(dāng)麥當(dāng)娜穿上這樣的服裝的時(shí)候,人們會(huì)聯(lián)想到馬龍白蘭度。答案為D項(xiàng)。 7.What is implied in the film Breakfast at Tiffany’s according to the passage? A.One can be active by wearing black. B.One can be elegant by wearing simply. C.One can be famous by looking perfect. D.One can be stylish by eating at Tiffany’s. 答案B 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句“She looks so elegant,wearing simple but beautiful dresses,big dark glasses and a string of pearls around her neck.”可知,在電影Breakfast at Tiffany’s中Tiffany開(kāi)創(chuàng)了一種簡(jiǎn)約而優(yōu)雅的時(shí)尚服飾潮流。答案為B項(xiàng)。 8.What does the film Memoirs of a Geisha lead to? A.The popularity of the Chinese actress. B.The worldwide reading of Geisha stories. C.The recovery of interest in kimonos. D.The “geisha trips” to social events. 答案C 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段倒數(shù)第三句“The film has also led to a regained interest in kimonos.”可知,電影Memoirs of a Geisha重新激發(fā)了人們對(duì)日本和服的喜愛(ài)。答案為C項(xiàng)。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2018廣西南寧?？? On the night of October 16th,ing up at ten o’clock,my mother prepared what would be my father’s last meal.That week he worked 　1　 shifts.He started at midnight. Just after 2 am,the group went for coffee.There was a 　2　 that always had to be operated and he said,“It’s okay.You guys all 　3　 and I’ll work it.” The machine would 　4　 quickly,occasionally,for one moment Dad made a 　5　—he didn’t pay attention,and his head was stuck in the machine.In panic,the workers 　6　 back and cut the base of the machine and transported it with him in the ambulance. Mother was 　7　 that there was an accident and to meet at the 　8　.My oldest brother Ken,then sixteen,　9　mother there,and my other brother Bob,then fourteen,stayed with me at home.Father died on the road. When we were overe with the 　10　,a spokesperson for the hospital 　11　 my mother if they could take one of my father’s eyes—they had a person 　12　 it.My mother replied,“Yes!” Years later,in the late summer,I was at the Woodlawn Cemetery where my father’s body rests.As I finished 　13　 and stood,a man from behind me said,“How are you now,Frank?” Knowing only the 　14　,and his friends and co-workers called him “Frank”,I 　15　 thought that this man must have 　16　 him.As I turned to face him,I replied,“He’s my father.” This man,Frank Bazylak,as I would learn later,replied,“I 　17　 with your father for a short time,just over a year,but he made an impact on my life.He was so powerful,so 　18　 and so giving.You know,he wasn’t meant to be there that day.But that was Frank.” Almost four decades later and from a 　19　,there in the cemetery,I’d heard 　20　 stories about my father. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作者的爸爸在工廠發(fā)生事故后去世,媽媽在醫(yī)院同意捐獻(xiàn)他的一只眼睛。最后通過(guò)與一位陌生人的對(duì)話說(shuō)明了父親的美德。 1.A.morning B.noon C.night D.afternoon 答案C 解析根據(jù)第一段第一句中的“On the night”和空后的“He started at midnight”可知,爸爸應(yīng)該是上夜班。所以選C項(xiàng)。 2.A.duty　　　 B.job C.truck　　　D.machine 答案D 解析根據(jù)空后的“had to be operated”和“I’ll work it”可知,此處應(yīng)是一臺(tái)機(jī)器需要一直有人操作。另外第三段第一句中的“The machine would 　4　 quickly”也是提示。 3.A.stay B.go C.hide D.watch 答案B 解析根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“the group went for coffee”以及最后一句中的“I’ll work it”可推斷,此處指離開(kāi)(去喝咖啡),故選B項(xiàng)。 4.A.move B.break C.change D.fly 答案A 解析根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,此處是指這臺(tái)機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)(move)很快。 5.A.decision B.difference C.life D.mistake 答案D 解析根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可知,此處指爸爸犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。 6.A.walked B.rushed C.looked D.turned 答案B 解析根據(jù)上文可知,其他人都去喝咖啡了,所以爸爸的頭卡在機(jī)器里時(shí),他們應(yīng)該是快速趕(rushed)回。 7.A.warned B.minded C.informed D.threatened 答案C 解析根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,爸爸發(fā)生事故,這時(shí)應(yīng)是通知媽媽到醫(yī)院去,所以選C項(xiàng)。warn“警告,提醒”;mind“介意”;inform“告知,通知”;threaten“威脅,恐嚇”。 8.A.factory B.office C.hospital D.workplace 答案C 解析根據(jù)句意可知,應(yīng)該是通知媽媽去醫(yī)院,所以選C項(xiàng)。 9.A.forted B.urged C.calmed D.drove 答案D 解析根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知,媽媽要到醫(yī)院去,所以哥哥開(kāi)車(chē)送媽媽去那里。 10.A.sorrow B.incident C.trouble D.treatment 答案A 解析根據(jù)上文可知,父親的去世使我們處于悲痛之中。be overe with...“受到……的極大影響”。 11.A.suggested B.asked C.puzzled D.embarrassed 答案B 解析根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可知,此處應(yīng)是詢問(wèn)(asked)媽媽的意見(jiàn)。 12.A.caring about B.suffering from C.turning to D.waiting for 答案D 解析根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可以推斷,此處是指一個(gè)病人(一直)在等待(waiting for)(有人捐獻(xiàn))眼睛來(lái)治療(自己的眼睛)。 13.A.blessing B.missing C.praying D.chatting 答案C 解析根據(jù)空前的“at the Woodlawn Cemetery”并結(jié)合生活常識(shí)可知,“我”在墓地完成禱告(praying)。bless“祝福,保佑”。 14.A.family B.doctors C.pany D.policemen 答案A 解析根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知,“我”知道只有家人、爸爸的朋友和同事叫他Frank。所以選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。 15.A.slowly B.quickly C.nervously D.carefully 答案B 解析根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知,“我”應(yīng)是迅速地(quickly)認(rèn)為這個(gè)人一定是認(rèn)識(shí)(known)爸爸的。 16.A.respected B.loved C.recognized D.known 答案D 解析respect “尊重”;love“愛(ài)”;recognize“認(rèn)出”;know“認(rèn)識(shí)”,根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。 17.A.discussed B.quarreled C.worked D.agreed 答案C 解析根據(jù)空后的“for a short time,just over a year,but he made an impact on my life”和下文中的“he wasn’t meant to be there that day”可推知,這個(gè)人應(yīng)該是爸爸的同事,所以空處應(yīng)指與爸爸一起工作過(guò)。 18.A.clever B.considerate C.modest D.strict 答案B 解析根據(jù)空前的“powerful”和空后的“giving”同時(shí)結(jié)合上文已經(jīng)介紹的爸爸讓所有的同事去喝咖啡,自己一個(gè)人留下操作機(jī)器以及倒數(shù)第二段最后一句可知,爸爸也是一個(gè)體貼的(considerate)人。 19.A.stranger B.friend C.colleague D.brother 答案A 解析根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二、三段可知,“我”在墓地遇到的人于“我”而言是一位陌生人。 20.A.wonderful B.cheerful C.sad D.false 答案A 解析根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,文章主要介紹了爸爸的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)。故此處應(yīng)指“我”聽(tīng)到了令人驚嘆的故事。wonderful“令人驚嘆的”,符合語(yǔ)境。 Ⅲ.語(yǔ)篇填空 (2018江西八校聯(lián)考) Chinese oracle bone inscriptions(甲骨文) over 3,000 years old are now being widely used as emojis by young WeChat users,thanks to a person who made them 1.(close) to people’s life than before. “The ancient characters are not as cool and distant 2. they are supposed to be,” said the 3.(create) Chen Nan.“In fact,they are cute and humorous,and they could totally serve our needs for online expression.” 4.　　　　　　 46-year-old professor of fine art at Tsinghua University has been working to make oracle bone inscriptions into emojis.For example,the character for “zui,” 5.　　　　　　 means “drunk” in English,was created 6.　　　　　　(look) like a stumbling figure. Chen has also bined the ancient Chinese characters with cartoon figures.A cartoon video clip 7.　　　　　　(feature) oracle bone inscriptions designed by him was viewed 31 million times and shared 140,000 times. Chen worked on the road of innovation 19 years ago.In 2016,the ancient typeface 8.　　　　　　 (include) into the front library under his efforts to let the ancient words walk into people’s life.Now the library has as many as 3,500 characters,9.　　　　　　 Chen’s research on the project still continues,as he plans to extend the library to 7,000 characters.In the future,he will apply the ancient characters 10.　　　　　　 education and development of games and apps. 答案與解析 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。講述了中國(guó)有著3000多年歷史的甲骨文正在被年輕的微信用戶們用作表情包廣泛使用。 1.closer　考查形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)后面的than before可知應(yīng)該用形容詞比較級(jí)。 2.as　考查連詞。句意:甲骨文沒(méi)有它們看上去的那么高冷深沉。as...as...“像……一樣……”。 3.creator　考查名詞。這里指產(chǎn)品的創(chuàng)造者,所以用名詞creator。 4.The　考查冠詞。這里特指46-year-old professor“四十六歲的教授”,所以用定冠詞The。 5.which　考查定語(yǔ)從句。這里考查非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,which指代前面的先行詞the character for “zui”。 6.to look　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:它被設(shè)計(jì)的看起來(lái)就像一個(gè)歪歪斜斜的人。這里用不定式表目的。 7.featuring　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:一個(gè)由他設(shè)計(jì)的甲骨文動(dòng)畫(huà)視頻瀏覽量達(dá)3100萬(wàn)次。feature作為動(dòng)詞意思是“以……為特征或特色,描寫(xiě)……的特征”,這里考查動(dòng)詞-ing形式作后置定語(yǔ)。 8.was included　考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:2016年甲骨文被納入字體庫(kù),古老的文字走進(jìn)了人們的生活。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“in 2016”可知用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),且“the ancient typeface”與“include”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 9.but/yet　考查連詞。句意:現(xiàn)在,甲骨文字體庫(kù)里已有3500個(gè)漢字,不過(guò)陳楠的研究工程仍在繼續(xù)。這里前后句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 10.to　考查固定搭配。句意:將來(lái),他還打算將甲骨文元素融入文化教育產(chǎn)業(yè)、小游戲開(kāi)發(fā)、app等領(lǐng)域。apply...to...“將……應(yīng)用在……”。 Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò) (2018遼寧大連聯(lián)考) Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that drunk driving has bee a grave problem what we are faced with.Reports are often heard about deaths result from drunk driving. A number of factor might have led to this problem.Firstly,Chinese have the custom of urging guests to drink more and regard them as a sign of hospitality.Secondly,the boom of Chinese economy in the past decades brought along a sharp increase in a number of private cars.Lastly,laws and regulations were not severely enough in the past. To our relief,relevant laws and regulations have been put into the effect to punish those who drives after drinking.And more can be done to avoid drunk driving until things get worse. 答案 Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that drunk driving has bee a grave problem whatwhich/that we are faced with.Reports are often heard about deaths resultresulting from drunk driving. A number of factorfactors might have led to this problem.Firstly,Chinese have the custom of urging guests to drink more and regard themit as a sign of hospitality.Secondly,the boom of Chinese economy in the past decades ∧has brought along a sharp increase in athe number of private cars.Lastly,laws and regulations were not severelysevere enough in the past. To our relief,relevant laws and regulations have been put into the effect to punish those who drivesdrive after drinking.And more can be done to avoid drunk driving untilbefore things get worse.