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Unit 1 Festivals around the world 一、閱讀理解 Sometimes, you just cant help it. Maybe youre watching a sad movie, or thinking about the friend who moved away. Next thing you know, theres a lump in your throat, your eyes are watering, and you have tears running down your cheeks. A professor of psychology at Tilburg University, in the Netherlands,has studied crying.According to Vingerhoets, therere three types of tears. Basal tears are the first type. They act as a protective barrier between the eye and the rest of the world.Next are reflex tears. They wash your eyes clean when something gets in them. Finally, therere emotional tears. “These are released in response to emotional states,” explains Vingerhoets. Scientists believe crying has something to do with how humans developed and learned to depend on each other. “Humans are very plex social creatures,” says Lauren Bylsma, a professor from Pittsburgh University, in Pennsylvania. “It seems that tears can make them get help and support from others.” She says another reason why we weep is that humans have the longest developmental period of almost any animal. It takes a long time to grow up. Vingerhoets agrees. “I think that the reason why humans shed(流出)emotional tears has to do with our prolonged(延長(zhǎng)的) childhood,” he says. “Thats the time when were still dependent on adults for love,protection and care. The major advantage of tears is that you can target them at a specific person.” Vingerhoets says this ability could have e in handy in prehistoric times, when humans were living among dangerous animals. Loud crying could attract predators(捕食者). Tears were a safer way to get attention. “In this case, its better to use a silent signal to ask for help,” he says. Vingerhoets and Bylsma do frequent studies to better understand why humans cry. 1.The tears mentioned in Paragraph 1 should belong to ________. A.basal tears B.reflex tears C.happy tears D.emotional tears 2.What is Vingerhoets attitude to the effects of tears? A.Passive. B.Positive. C.Doubtful. D.Indifferent. 3.The underlined phrase of “a silent signal” probably refers to ________. A.a written language B.predators C.tears D.loud crying 4.What is the best title of the text? A.Types of Tears B.Precious Tears C.Secrets of Tears D.On Tears 參考答案： 1.D; 2.B; 3.C; 4.C 解析： 1.[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Finally, therere emotional tears. “These are released in response to emotional states,” explains Vingerhoets.可推斷出,第一段提到的淚水屬于emotional tears。] 2.[態(tài)度判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知其實(shí)文中這兩位科學(xué)都認(rèn)為淚水有好處,即積極看待眼淚。] 3.[詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文中劃線前Tears were a safer way to get attention.的敘述可知,在這種情況下(在史前時(shí)期人類大聲哭泣會(huì)引來(lái)危險(xiǎn)的動(dòng)物),最好用這種“無(wú)聲的信號(hào)”來(lái)尋求幫助。因此這種無(wú)聲的信號(hào)就是前面所指的“眼淚”。] 4.[標(biāo)題歸納題。文章從科學(xué)研究的角度對(duì)眼淚的種類、哭的原因等做了科學(xué)的分析,揭示了眼淚不為人知的秘密。故該項(xiàng)用作文章的標(biāo)題最佳。] 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2017北京高考)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the top shelf. 答案：can　此處表示能力，要用can。 2．I think you should apologize to your brother ________your rudeness. 答案：for　apologize to sb. for sth. “因?yàn)槟呈孪蚰橙说狼浮薄? 3．It is surprising that there are still many people in the world ________(starve) to death each year. 答案：starving　starve to death “餓死”，people和starve在邏輯上存在主謂關(guān)系，故要用starve的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，作后置定語(yǔ)。 4．No official ________(permit) has been given for the event to take place. 答案：permission　official permission “官方許可”，在句中是名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。 5．Forgive others, and you ________(forgive)． 答案：will be forgiven　本句是“祈使句，and sb. will do ...”句式，本句中forgive和you存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 6．The story reminds me ________an unforgettable experience I once had. 答案：of　remind sb. of sth. “使某人想到某事”。 7．Contrary to the popular belief ________classical music is too plex, it achieves a simplicity that only a genius can create. 答案：that　句中belief為一抽象名詞，其后接由that連接的同位語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明belief。 8．Id like to express my ________(admire) for the courage and unplaining spirit of the firefighters. 答案：admiration　由空前的人稱代詞my可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞admiration “敬佩”。 9．________was obvious to everyone that the child had been badly treated. 答案：It　It is obvious that ... “很明顯……”。 10．The judge ________(award) him $1,000 in damages. 答案：awarded　award在句中是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，意為“裁定；判給”。 三、完形填空 Ten years ago，a doctor told me something was wrong with my lung and I had to give up work at once and went to bed.I was totally __1__ and felt I was suddenly placed under __2__ of death with an indefinite reprieve(緩刑)．After careful thought，I __3__ my affairs；then I went home and got into bed.But 2 years later，I left my bed and __4__ the long climb back.It was another year __5__ I made it. I speak of this experience because these past years have __6__ me what to value and what to believe.I __7__ now that this world is not my oyster(牡蠣)to be opened but my __8__ to be grasped. Ive also learned that its necessary to __9__ those little，allimportant things I never thought I would __10__ before：the music of the wind in my favorite pine tree，the __11__ of sunlight on running water.I seem now，with some of the __12__ freshness of childhood，to hear and see.How well，__13__，I recall the touch of the earth the day I first stepped upon it after the years in bed.It was like __14__ ones citizenship in a world one had nearly lost. Frequently，I __15__ myself that I need make notes of this __16__.Im living in now，because in it Im well，__17__，doing what I like best.It wont always be like this，__18__ Ill make the most of it and be grateful.I __19__ all this to that long time spent in bed.Wiser people e to this __20__ without having to acquire it the hard way.But I wasnt wise enough.Im wiser now，a little，and happier. 1．A.confused　　　　　B．shocked C．determined D．a(chǎn)nnoyed 2．A.trial B．pressure C．sentence D．control 3．A.made up B．set up C．took up D．cleared up 4．A.recalled B．began C．a(chǎn)voided D．a(chǎn)ccepted 5．A.when B．a(chǎn)fter C．since D．before 6．A.assigned B．taught C．treated D．a(chǎn)ssured 7．A.admit B．demand C．expect D．realize 8．A.knowledge B．opportunity C．a(chǎn)ttention D．point 9．A.dismiss B．list C．define D．a(chǎn)ppreciate 10．A.notice B．record C．remember D．track 11．A.shadow B．shake C．play D．feeling 12．A.damaged B．recovered C．faded D．changed 13．A.in contrast B．in return C．for instance D．by chance 14．A.maintaining B．regaining C．discovering D．forgetting 15．A.remind B．promise C．a(chǎn)dvise D．convince 16．A.country B．moment C．memory D．inspiration 17．A.pleased B．courageous C．confident D．strong 18．A.meanwhile B．otherwise C．however D．therefore 19．A.apply B．owe C．contribute D．a(chǎn)dapt 20．A.awareness B．a(chǎn)greement C．ment D．promise 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。一場(chǎng)重病讓作者明白了什么是人生中最重要的東西。因此他對(duì)自己當(dāng)下所擁有的倍加珍惜，并心存感激。 1．B　根據(jù)上文中的“Ten years ago, a doctor told me something was wrong with my lung and I had to give up work at once and went to bed”可知，當(dāng)被告知自己的肺部出了問(wèn)題且不得不立即放棄工作臥床休息時(shí)作者感到非常震驚(shocked)。confused“困惑的”； annoyed“惱怒的”。 2．C　作者突然覺(jué)得自己好像是被判了死緩一樣。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境尤其是下文的“with an indefinite reprieve(緩刑)”可知，此處應(yīng)選sentence“宣判，判刑”。under sentence of death“被判處死刑”。 3．D　仔細(xì)思考之后，作者把手頭的事務(wù)處理掉，然后回家了。根據(jù)上文中的“I had to give up work at once and went to bed”可知，clear up“解決，清理”符合語(yǔ)境。make up“組成，編造”；set up“設(shè)立”；take up“開(kāi)始從事，占據(jù)”。 4．B　兩年后，作者離開(kāi)了病床，開(kāi)始(began)了漫長(zhǎng)的重回之前的生活狀態(tài)的“攀登”。recall“回憶起”；avoid“避免”；accept“接受”。 5．D　過(guò)了一年，作者就做到了。It was/is＋一段時(shí)間＋before...是固定句型，意為“過(guò)了……才/就……”。 6．B　作者談及這段經(jīng)歷是因?yàn)槟切┻^(guò)去的歲月教會(huì)(taught)了作者應(yīng)該珍惜什么，相信什么。assign“分配，分派”；treat“招待”；assure“使確信”。 7．D　現(xiàn)在作者意識(shí)到(realize)這個(gè)世界不是等待他去打開(kāi)的牡蠣，而是需要他去抓住的機(jī)會(huì)。admit“承認(rèn)”；expect“期待，期望”。 8．B　參見(jiàn)上題解析。grasp the opportunity“抓住機(jī)會(huì)”，是固定搭配。knowledge“知識(shí)”；attention“注意力”；point“觀點(diǎn)”。 9．D　作者也學(xué)會(huì)了欣賞(appreciate)那些不起眼的但卻很重要的東西，而作者之前從未想過(guò)自己會(huì)去注意這些東西。dismiss“不予理會(huì)，不予考慮”；list“列舉”； define“給……下定義，解釋”。 10. A　參見(jiàn)上題解析。notice“注意到”；record“記錄”；remember“記得”；track“跟蹤”。 11．C　根據(jù)上文中的“the music of the wind in my favorite pine tree”和下文中的“I seem now…to hear and see”可知，此處指的應(yīng)是作者以前不會(huì)注意到的東西。play“輕快變幻的動(dòng)作，閃爍”，the play of sunlight on water“陽(yáng)光在水面上的閃爍”。 12．B　作者重新找回了童年時(shí)期看待事物的新鮮感。recovered“重新獲得的，重新找到的”，符合語(yǔ)境。 13．C　比如，回想起自己臥床兩年后重新踏上這片土地的感覺(jué)有多好。for instance“比如，例如”，符合語(yǔ)境。in contrast“相反”；in return“作為回報(bào)”；by chance“偶然地”。 14．B　這就像在一個(gè)差點(diǎn)失去的世界中重新獲得公民身份一樣。regain“重新得到”和下文的“l(fā)ost”相對(duì)應(yīng)。maintain“維持”；discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；forget“忘記”。 15．A　作者經(jīng)常提醒自己要記下這個(gè)自己現(xiàn)在生活的時(shí)刻，因?yàn)榛钤诖丝?，作者是健康且快?lè)的，而且能做自己最喜歡做的事情。remind“提醒”，符合語(yǔ)境。promise“許諾，允諾”；convince“使相信”。 16．B　參見(jiàn)上題解析。moment“時(shí)刻”；inspiration“靈感”。 17．A　參見(jiàn)第15題解析。pleased“快樂(lè)的，高興的”；courageous“勇敢的”；confident“自信的”；strong“堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的”。下文中的“Im wiser now，a little，and happier”亦是提示。 18．D　它不會(huì)總是如這般存在，因此作者會(huì)充分利用它并心存感激。上下文之間是因果關(guān)系，故用therefore。meanwhile“與此同時(shí)”；otherwise“否則”；however“然而”。 19．B　作者將這一切都?xì)w功于他臥病在床的那段漫長(zhǎng)時(shí)光。owe...to...“把……歸功于……”，是固定用法。 20．A　更有智慧的人無(wú)需被困到如此境地也能明白這些道理。awareness“意識(shí)，明白”符合語(yǔ)境。promise“妥協(xié)”。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in the memory of the dead. ________________________________________________________ 答案：去掉memory前的the　in memory of “為了紀(jì)念……”。 2．Dont worry. Im sure your missing glasses will turn out sooner or later. ________________________________________________________ 答案：out→up　turn up “出現(xiàn)；露面”。turn out “證明是；結(jié)果是”。 3．Its possible to hold your breathe for two minutes in practice. ________________________________________________________ 答案：breathe→breath　breathe是動(dòng)詞，意為“呼吸”，breath是名詞，hold ones breath意為“屏住呼吸”。 4．The Internet gives people the chance to have the information they look forward to delivering to them quickly and cheaply. ________________________________________________________ 答案：delivering→delivered　句中“they look forward to”是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是information。have the information delivered “傳遞/發(fā)送信息”。 5．Word came the president would be shown around our school. ________________________________________________________ 答案：came后加that　Word came that ... “消息傳來(lái)說(shuō)……”。that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句，雖無(wú)意義但是不能省略。 五、七選五 Learning another language is an exciting trip into a new world, and it can take some time and effort to get there. Luckily, there are a few easy ways to make your adventure go a lot more smoothly. Learn a little every day. One of the keys to learning another language is practicing a little bit every day. 1 Studying for long periods can wear you out and limit your focus. Starting with small but regular sessions is the best way to keep your grammar and vocabulary fresh in your mind. Practice out loud. 2 Pronunciation is the key to learning another language and to making yourself understood by native speakers. Read sentences aloud from books or magazines in the language you’ re studying, or just read over your grammar exercises while you’re practicing. You’ll start to get used to the way the new words sound and feel. Close the books. From films to international websites, there are dozens of ways to encounter(遇到)other languages in the real world. 3 Listen to international radio stations — many of them are streaming over the Internet — or look up the websites of newspapers in the language you’re studying. You can keep learning another language while surfing the web or having a movie night with your friends! 4 Learning another language takes determination and perseverance, so keep practicing! Remember to review the basics as well as new vocabulary and grammar, since everything you learn will build on the foundation you start with. Luckily, you have a great reason to keep up the hard work. 5 A. Be optimistic. B. Keep it up. C. Eventually, they’ll just e naturally. D. Remember to explore some of them when you’re learning another language. E. Learning another language can broaden your horizons and introduce you to new people and parts of the world. F. Get a feel for the language by saying words and phrases out loud while you practice. G. Reserve an hour to practice each day and stick to your schedule 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文介紹了學(xué)好另一種語(yǔ)言的幾種方法。 1.G 根據(jù)前一句＂One of the keys to learning another language is practicing a little bit every day.＂可知學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的關(guān)鍵是要每天練習(xí)，因此每天要復(fù)習(xí)一小時(shí)，并且堅(jiān)持你的計(jì)劃。故選G。 3.D 根據(jù)句子＂there are dozens of ways to encounter(遇到)other languages in the real world.＂可知有多種方法可以在真實(shí)場(chǎng)景下遇到其他語(yǔ)種，那么下一句應(yīng)該是說(shuō)我們要學(xué)會(huì)探索出一些場(chǎng)景。故選D。 4.B 根據(jù)下面的句子＂Learning another language takes determination and perseverance, so keep practicing!＂可知小標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是＂堅(jiān)持＂，由此判斷選B。 5.E 根據(jù)前面的句子＂Luckily, you have a great reason to keep up the hard work.＂(幸運(yùn)的是你有一個(gè)很好的理由來(lái)堅(jiān)持這個(gè)艱難的工作。)可知下面要講到原因，即這樣做的好處/優(yōu)點(diǎn)：開(kāi)擴(kuò)視野，幫你看到一個(gè)嶄新的世界，由此判斷選E。