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選修8　Unit 3 Inventors and inventions Ⅰ.閱讀理解 Two of the saddest words in the English language are “if only”. I live my life with the goal of never having to say those words, because they convey regret, lost opportunities, mistakes, and disappointment. My father is famous in our family for saying, “Take the extra minute to do it right.” I always try to live by the “extra minute” rule. When my children were young and likely to cause accidents, I always thought about what I could do to avoid an “if only ” moment, whether it was something minor like moving a cup full of hot coffee away from the edge of a puter, or something that required a little more work such as taping padding (襯墊) onto the sharp corners of a glass coffee table. I don’t only avoid those “if only” moments when it es to safety. It’s equally important to avoid “if only” in our personal relationships. We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they hadforegonean opportunity to say “I love you” or “I forgive you”. When my father announced he was going to the eye doctor across from my office on Good Friday, I told him that it was a holiday for my pany and I wouldn’t be there. But then I thought about the fact that he’s 84 years old and I realized that I shouldn’t give up an opportunity to see him. I called him and told him I had decided to go to work on my day off after all. I know there will still be occasions when I have to say “if only” about something, but my life is definitely better because of my policy of doing everything possible to avoid that eventuality(可能發(fā)生的事). And even though it takes an extra minute to do something right, or it occasionally takes an hour or two in my busy schedule to make a personal connection, I know that I’m doing the right thing. I’m buying myself peace of mind and that’s the best kind of insurance for my emotional well-being. 1.Which of the following is an example of the “extra minute” rule ? A. Start the car the moment everyone is seated. B. Leave the room for a minute with the iron working. C. Wait for an extra minute so that the steak tastes better. D. Move an object out of the way before it trips someone. 2.The author decided to go to her office on Good Friday to __________. A. keep her appointment with the eye doctor B. meet her father who was already an old man C. join in the holiday celebration of the pany D. finish her work before the deadline approaching 3.The underlined word “foregone” in Paragraph 3 is closed in meaning to “_________”. A. abandoned B. lacked C. avoided D. wasted 4.What is the best title for the passage ? A. The Emotional Well-being B. The Two Saddest Words C. The Most Useful Rule D. The Peace of Mind 【文章大意】這篇文章主要講解的是作者對(duì)于最悲哀的兩個(gè)單詞if only 的理解及看法。 1.D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的句子“When my children were young and likely to cause accidents, I always thought about what I could do to avoid an ‘if only’ moment,”可知，“extra minute”指的是“在發(fā)生意外之前防患于未然”，D項(xiàng)（在一個(gè)東西絆倒某人之前將它拿走）符合。故選D。 3.A 【解析】猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)foregone 所在句子“We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they hadforegonean opportunity to say ‘ I love you’ or ‘I forgive you’.”中的lost及regretted 可知此詞與opportunity 搭配翻譯成“放棄機(jī)會(huì)”，故選A。 4.B 【解析】標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句話(huà)“Two of the saddest words in the English language are ‘if only’.”及文章大意，可知本文主要針對(duì)最悲哀的兩個(gè)單詞if only 展開(kāi)話(huà)題進(jìn)行講解，故選B。 二、完形填空 It impressed me a lot.I never thought that little help will __1__ out to be the most satisfying thing I have ever done.He was tired，and __2__ to climb further.With a broad __3__，he asked if I could help him with some money.He was paralyzed(癱瘓) in both legs and was __4__ funds for some operation.He said that if operated successfully，he could __5__ a training guaranteeing him a job.I was full of __6__ and even asked him to show his legs.I gave him the __7__ money.After a few days，he again came at my doorstep asking for more money for acmodation.This time I was more or less __8__ he was not cheating me.I gave him some and said，“This is all I have.” A year went by and I had moved to a(n) __9__ place.One fine day I got a call from an unknown number.Caller called out his name but I didnt __10__ him.Then he said he was the very paralyzed person I helped a year ago. I asked him how he was doing.He said，“What sir, you recognize me not by my name but by my __11__ state.” “With your kind help I am now able to __12__ on my legs without support.I was operated __13__.I am married to a beautiful lady and have a stable __14__.” I dont __15__ remember if I gave him my phone number.__16__，what he said next was touching.He said he wanted to return my money so that I didnt feel cheated and would continue to help people __17__ in the future.I dont know whether he read my facial expression the day I helped him but tears were __18__ down my face.That day I promised him I would continue to help people as I saw a(n) __19__—small or big.__20__ a lifechanged event of my life. 1．A.send B．break C．bring D．turn 2．A.struggling B．substituting C．playing D．walking 3．A.look B．smile C．view D．whisper 4．A.finding B．raising C．seeking D．earning 5．A.pretend B．intend C．a(chǎn)ttend D．tend 6．A.interests B．minds C．worries D．doubts 7．A.remaining B．left C．hiding D．forgotten 8．A.informed B．prepared C．convinced D．outspoken 9．A.new B．old C．systematic D．bad 10．A.remind B．recognize C．replace D．repeat 11．A.excited B．messed C．disabled D．stressed 12．A.live B．base C．focus D．stand 13．A.successfully B．surprisingly C．hopefully D．naturally 14．A.reason B．promise C．character D．job 15．A.also B．even C．a(chǎn)lready D．only 16．A.Therefore B．Otherwise C．However D．Meanwhile 17．A.in need B．in place C．in favor D．in advance 18．A.bringing B．putting C．running D．pulling 19．A.behavior B．case C．a(chǎn)ccident D．opportunity 20．A.Strangely B．Truly C．Generally D．Originally 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。作者一次無(wú)意間的幫助改變了一位癱瘓者的一生。這件事也改變了作者的人生，讓他決定繼續(xù)幫助那些有困難的人。 1．D　考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。此處指作者從未想過(guò)一個(gè)小小的幫助最后竟成為他曾做過(guò)的最令自己滿(mǎn)意的一件事。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都能與out組成固定短語(yǔ)。turn out意為“結(jié)果是，最后成為”，符合語(yǔ)境。send out意為“發(fā)出”；break out意為“爆發(fā)”；bring out意為“生產(chǎn)，出版”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選D。 2．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“paralyzed (癱瘓)”可知，他癱瘓了，所以此處應(yīng)指他努力往前爬。A項(xiàng)意為“努力，掙扎”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“替換”；C項(xiàng)意為“玩”；D項(xiàng)意為“走”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選A。 3．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)前面的“broad”可知，此處應(yīng)指他咧嘴微笑著。B項(xiàng)意為“微笑”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“表情”；C項(xiàng)意為“觀點(diǎn)”；D項(xiàng)意為“耳語(yǔ)”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選B。 4．B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)上句中的“help him with some money”可知，此處應(yīng)指他在籌集手術(shù)資金。B項(xiàng)意為“籌集”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“找到”；C項(xiàng)意為“尋找”；D項(xiàng)意為“掙得”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選B。 5．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)指如果手術(shù)成功了，他就能參加能讓他得到一份工作的培訓(xùn)。C項(xiàng)意為“參加”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“假裝”；B項(xiàng)意為“打算”；D項(xiàng)意為“往往會(huì)”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選C。 6．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“even asked him to show his legs”可知，作者要求看看他的腿，所以對(duì)他所說(shuō)的話(huà)應(yīng)該是充滿(mǎn)了懷疑。D項(xiàng)意為“懷疑”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“興趣”；B項(xiàng)意為“思想”；C項(xiàng)意為“擔(dān)心”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選D。 7．A　考查形容詞辨析。此處指作者把手上剩余的錢(qián)都給了他。A項(xiàng)意為“剩余的”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“剩下的”，不作前置定語(yǔ)；C項(xiàng)意為“隱藏的”；D項(xiàng)意為“被遺忘的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選A。 8．C　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“he was not cheating me”和下句中的“gave him some”可知，作者給了他一些錢(qián)，有幾分確信他并沒(méi)有騙自己。C項(xiàng)意為“確信的，信服的”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“見(jiàn)多識(shí)廣的”；B項(xiàng)意為“準(zhǔn)備好的”；D項(xiàng)意為“坦率的，直言不諱的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選C。 9．A　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)上文的“moved to”及下文作者接到一個(gè)陌生電話(huà)可知，作者搬到了一個(gè)新地方。A項(xiàng)意為“新的”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“舊的”；C項(xiàng)意為“系統(tǒng)化的”；D項(xiàng)意為“壞的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選A。 10．B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞“but”及下文中的“you recognize me not by my name”可知，打電話(huà)的人報(bào)出了自己的名字，但作者并沒(méi)有認(rèn)出他來(lái)。B項(xiàng)意為“認(rèn)出”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“提醒”；C項(xiàng)意為“代替”；D項(xiàng)意為“重復(fù)”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選B。 11．C　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“Then he said he was the very paralyzed person”可知，作者不是通過(guò)他的名字而是通過(guò)他癱瘓的情況認(rèn)出了他。C項(xiàng)意為“殘疾的”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“興奮的”；B項(xiàng)意為“混亂的”；D項(xiàng)意為“有壓力的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選C。 12．D　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“without support”可知，此處指他不需要支架就可以自己站起來(lái)。D項(xiàng)意為“站立，站起來(lái)”，符合語(yǔ)境。live意為“居住”；base意為“基于”；focus意為“關(guān)注”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選D。 13．A　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)上一句可知，他現(xiàn)在能夠站起來(lái)，所以手術(shù)成功了。A項(xiàng)意為“成功地”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“令人驚奇地”；C項(xiàng)意為“有希望地”；D項(xiàng)意為“自然地”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選A。 14．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)常識(shí)及上文中提到的“guaranteeing him a job”可推斷出，他結(jié)婚了，還有了一份穩(wěn)定的工作。D項(xiàng)意為“工作”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“理由”；B項(xiàng)意為“允諾”；C項(xiàng)意為“性格”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選D。 15．B　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及上文中的“A year went by”可知，此處指作者甚至不記得是否給過(guò)他電話(huà)號(hào)碼。B項(xiàng)意為“甚至”，符合語(yǔ)境。故答案選B。 16．C　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，作者甚至不記得是否給過(guò)他電話(huà)號(hào)碼，但是他接下來(lái)說(shuō)的話(huà)卻令人感動(dòng)。C項(xiàng)意為“然而”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“因此”；B項(xiàng)意為“否則”；D項(xiàng)意為“與此同時(shí)”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選C。 17．A　考查短語(yǔ)辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這位曾經(jīng)癱瘓的人想將錢(qián)還給作者，這樣作者就不會(huì)感覺(jué)到自己被騙從而以后可以放心去幫助那些有困難的人。A項(xiàng)意為“在危難中的”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩?；C項(xiàng)不是短語(yǔ)；D項(xiàng)意為“提前”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選A。 18．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處是指眼淚流過(guò)作者的臉龐。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都能與down組成短語(yǔ)。run down意為“往下流”，符合語(yǔ)境。bring down意為“降低，打倒”；put down意為“鎮(zhèn)壓，記下”；pull down意為“拉下來(lái)，摧毀”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選C。 19．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及本句中的“small or big”可知，此處表示只要有機(jī)會(huì)，無(wú)論大小，作者都會(huì)繼續(xù)幫助他人。D項(xiàng)意為“機(jī)會(huì)”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“行為”； B項(xiàng)意為“事例”；C項(xiàng)意為“事故”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選D。 20．B　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容以及第一段第一句可知，此處與第一句相呼應(yīng)，指的是這的確是改變了作者一生的事情。B項(xiàng)意為“確實(shí)，的確”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“奇怪地”；C項(xiàng)意為“大體上地”；D項(xiàng)意為“起初”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選B。 三、七選五 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 (2018福州四校聯(lián)考) Your phone is running low on power while you are waiting to fly out of an airport. Then you discover a public USB charging area close by. __1__ Then you take a deep breath and sit back, happy to get the power for free. What could go wrong? Plenty. In addition to providing an electrical current, phone charging cords can send and receive data. That free USB charging hub at an airport, hotel or any other public place may not only charge your phone. __2__ The USB charging hub could be connecting to your phone and copying your contact list, email and text messages, voice mail, photographs and videos. It can also copy passwords, banking information and any other information stored on your phone. If you want to charge your phone while traveling, you have other choices that do not increase your risks. Connect your phone only to electrical outlets so data transfer is not possible. __3__ It is better to use a distant wall outlet than a nearby USB charging hub. Carry an extra, fullycharged battery. Having one means you can charge your phone without having to worry about carrying a special cord or finding a power outlet. __4__ If you must use a public USB charging center, be sure to turn off your phone pletely. __5__ But it will reduce the chances of it happening, depending on what phone you have. A．Remember to fully charge your phone before you leave home or work. B．It also could be transferring information to and from the device. C．The public USB charging hub may even download programs to your phone. D．This may or may not prevent data transfer. E．You can charge your phone with the extra battery wherever you are. F．An available outlet may not be as near as a USB charging hub, but the few extra steps may keep your information safe. G．You quickly reach for a charge cord and connect your phone to the charging hub. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了在飛機(jī)場(chǎng)候機(jī)時(shí)，給處于低電狀態(tài)的手機(jī)安全充電的方法。 1．G　上文說(shuō)你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)附近有一個(gè)公共的USB充電區(qū)域，空處下文提到你深吸一口氣，舒服地坐好，為免費(fèi)充電而高興。所以空處應(yīng)表示你把手機(jī)連接到充電口進(jìn)行充電，故選G項(xiàng)“你很快拿到一根充電線，并把你的手機(jī)連接到充電中心”。 2．B　上文說(shuō)機(jī)場(chǎng)、酒店或其他公共場(chǎng)所的免費(fèi)USB充電中心，不僅可以給你的手機(jī)充電，再結(jié)合空后一句可知，空處應(yīng)表示USB充電中心的其他作用。B項(xiàng)提到它還可以把信息傳入或輸出設(shè)備，前后語(yǔ)義銜接，故選B。且B項(xiàng)中的also與空前一句中的not only相呼應(yīng)。 3．F　根據(jù)空處所在段的內(nèi)容可知，本段推薦使用距離稍遠(yuǎn)的墻上的電源插座，而不用鄰近的USB充電中心，這樣可以保證手機(jī)信息的安全。F項(xiàng)說(shuō)一個(gè)可用的墻上的電源插座可能不像USB充電中心那么近，但是多走幾步可以保證你的信息安全，前后邏輯關(guān)系緊密，故選F。 4．E　本段的主旨是攜帶一個(gè)額外的，充滿(mǎn)電的電池，而E項(xiàng)說(shuō)無(wú)論你在哪里，你都可以用這個(gè)額外的電池給手機(jī)充電，為具體描述，故選E。 5．D　上文提到如果必須使用USB充電中心充電，確保將手機(jī)徹底關(guān)機(jī)。下文說(shuō)但這將減少發(fā)生這種情況的機(jī)會(huì)。故D項(xiàng)“這可能會(huì)阻止數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，也可能不會(huì)”符合語(yǔ)境。D項(xiàng)中的This指代關(guān)機(jī)這個(gè)行為，故選D。 四、短文改錯(cuò) Our life today has many problems. One of the biggest problems are pollution. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It killed our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us to talk louder and bee angry more easy. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution, what is bad for living things in the world. We need to do a lot of thing to fight pollution. Factories must clean our waste water before it thrown away. We cant throw waste things on the ground. We can go to work by bus and with our friends in a same car. Everybody must help to fight pollution. 【答案】 Our life today has many problems. One of the biggest problems ar pollution. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It kille our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us 　 talk louder and bee angry more eas. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution, wha is bad for living things in the world. We need to do a lot of thin to fight pollution. Factories must clean ou waste water before it thrown away. We cant throw waste things on the ground. We can go to work by bus an with our friends in same car. Everybody must help to fight pollution. 第一處：are改為is。考查主謂一致。主語(yǔ)one of the biggest problems是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 第二處：killed改為kills。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。由and和pollutes可知，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，因此用kills。 第三處：to去掉?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。make作使役動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后接省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。 第四處：easy改為easily。考查副詞。副詞修飾系動(dòng)詞bee。 第五處：what改為which?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。這是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從句缺主語(yǔ)，which指代前面的air pollution。 第六處：thing改為things?？疾槊~。a lot of在這里修飾可數(shù)名詞，故用thing的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 第七處：our改為their/the?？疾榇~。本句Factories must clean...中主語(yǔ)的是第三人稱(chēng)，所以water也應(yīng)改被their修飾。同時(shí)，the waste water也可以指工廠的廢水。 第八處：thrown前加is?？疾楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。廢水與排放是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)詞態(tài)。 第九處：and改為or?？疾檫B詞。本句講的是我們上班可以選用兩種方式中的一種，所以用or表選擇關(guān)系，而and表示兩者都使用，不合理。 第十處：a改為the。考查冠詞。同一輛車(chē)，用the same car。