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Unit 4 Pygmalion 一、閱讀理解。 Vitamin B could help reduce the effects of the most dangerous type of air pollution, according to a new study published on Monday. In the first study of its kind, a team of international researchers looked into the damage caused by one of the pollutants that have the severest impact on health—PM 2. 5. They found that Vitamin B supplement could effectively reduce the impact of the tiny particles(顆粒)on the human body, although they stressed that the research was in its early stages. According to the WHO, 92% of the world’s people are living in places where the PM 2. 5 level goes beyond the remended level. So it’s urgent to find a solution to the problem. According to this study, published in the PNAS, 10 volunteers were initially exposed to clean air and given a placebo(安慰劑)to check their baseline responses. The group then kept on taking placebos for four weeks before being exposed to heavily polluted air from downtown Toronto, where an estimated 1, 000 cars passed every hour. The bad air was delivered to the volunteers through an “oxygen type” face mask. The experiment was then repeated, with each volunteer taking a Vitamin B supplement daily, made up of 2. 5 mg of folic acid, 50 mg of Vitamin B6, and 1 mg of Vitamin B12. Vitamin B6 can be found in liver, chicken, nuts and other things, and Vitamin B12 in fish, meat, eggs, milk and some cereals. The researchers found that four weeks of Vitamin B supplements reduced the damage of PM 2. 5 effects by 28-76%. The results emphasized how prevention at an individual level could be used to fight against the damage of PM 2. 5, the researchers said. 【文章大意】本文主要通過(guò)一些實(shí)驗(yàn)告訴我們維生素B對(duì)減輕PM 2. 5對(duì)身體的傷害有什么樣的功效。 1. What’s the newly discovered effect of Vitamin B in Paragraph 1? A. It can be used to replace other vitamins in our daily life. B. It can help lower the air pollution level in the open air. C. It can reduce the impact of PM 2. 5 on human bodies. D. It can get rid of the pollutants remaining in our bodies. 【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Vitamin B could help reduce the effects of the most dangerous type of air pollution, according to a new study published on Monday. ”, 可知維生素B可以減少造成空氣污染的危險(xiǎn)物質(zhì)的影響, 而后一句又提到了對(duì)健康危害最大的危險(xiǎn)物質(zhì)是PM 2. 5, 故選C。 2. What can be learned from the second paragraph? A. Further study about the effect of Vitamin B needs to be done. B. Vitamin B is the most important to human’s health. C. The tiny particles in the air are made up of PM 2. 5. D. 92% of the world’s people are affected by PM 2. 5. 【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“. . . although they stressed that the research was in its early stages. ”可知關(guān)于維生素B的功效的研究還處于初期階段, 所以仍需進(jìn)一步的研究探索。 3. How did researchers draw the new conclusion about Vitamin B? A. By referring to a journal. B. By performing experiments. C. By interviewing scientists. D. By paring vitamins. 【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“The experiment was then repeated, with each volunteer taking a Vitamin B supplement daily, made up of 2. 5 mg of folic acid, 50 mg of Vitamin B6, and 1 mg of Vitamin B12. ”, 中的experiment表明研究者是通過(guò)做實(shí)驗(yàn)得出新的結(jié)論的。 4. You may read the passage on a website about ________. A. environment　　　　　 B. medicine C. education D. health 【解析】選D。推理判斷題。本文主要通過(guò)一系列實(shí)驗(yàn)告訴我們維生素B可以減輕PM 2. 5對(duì)我們身體的傷害, 主題圍繞著健康展開(kāi), 故選D。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．We had no ________ (hesitate) in helping the sufferers when the terrible earthquake hit the country. 答案：hesitation　have no hesitation in doing ... “毫不猶豫地做……”。 2．________ (classify) so many books in libraries usually takes them lots of time. 答案：Classifying　句子中缺少主語(yǔ)，且指一般性情況，故應(yīng)填動(dòng)名詞classifying，在句中作主語(yǔ)。 3．Generally ________ (speak), youths of eighteen are too young for such work. 答案：speaking　generally speaking “一般來(lái)說(shuō)”。 4．What you said has led to the ________(mistake) belief that smoking is not harmful. 答案：mistaken　修飾名詞belief應(yīng)用形容詞，故填mistaken “錯(cuò)誤的”。 5．The school makes it clear that essays from online should not be passed off ________being written by the students. 答案：as　pass ... off as ... “把……看作或冒充成……”。 6．________if we invited them to e here for a party instead? 答案：What　固定句式what if “倘使/如果……將會(huì)怎樣？”。 7．Parents should teach their children to behave ________(proper) in public. 答案：properly　此處應(yīng)用副詞來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞behave, 故填 properly。 8．They made rude ________(remark) about her appearance. 答案：remarks　make remarks/a remark about ... “對(duì)……發(fā)表評(píng)論”。 9．The information you gathered is ________ great help to me. 答案：of　“of＋抽象名詞”相當(dāng)于其對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞，of great help＝very helpful “非常有幫助”。 10．________(take) according to the instructions, the medicine has no side effect. 答案：Taken　所給動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)medicine之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。 三、完形填空。 I was surprised when I received a short message from my father wishing me a happy birthday. I had __1__ to hear from my mother, my grandmother and my other relatives— __2__ never from my father. Lying in bed, __3__ of my father flooded back. When I was a little boy, I regarded my father as a(n) __4__ able to do anything. __5__ ，things slowly began to __6__. The more I learned, the more I doubted what he said. The gap between us grew and, at last, I didnt __7__ like municating with him. My father, in my mind, had no __8__ in talking with me. Dinner was the only time we were together. He had no time to watch TV with me. He would tell me to ask my mother __9__ I needed something. He even refused to answer my __10__ when I phoned from school. I __11__ the changes. I thought that perhaps my father no longer __12__ me. Over time, however, I began to wonder whether my __13__ was right. One day, my mother told me that each time I called, father was __14__ listening beside her. Suddenly, I hated myself for my __15__ behavior toward him. I planned thousands of times to __16__ my father. In the end, however, I was always too embarrassed about what I had done. But that Saturday, I was so __17__ by his short message. I realized then that my fathers love for me had never disappeared! I decided to send a __18__ ：“Thank you, my dear father.” Two days later, when I returned home, my mother told me that my father had been so __19__ when he received my reply. She said he had __20__ from morning till night. At that moment, I felt truly happy. 【文章大意】　作者回憶了自己與父親關(guān)系的變化，體會(huì)到了父親對(duì)他的愛(ài)從未消失過(guò)。 1．A.expected B．intended C．planned D．wanted 答案與解析：A　根據(jù)第一段“I was surprised when I received a short message from my father...”及下文對(duì)自己與父親之間關(guān)系的描述可知，作者預(yù)想到會(huì)收到母親、外婆和其他親屬的來(lái)信，但從未期待過(guò)會(huì)收到來(lái)自父親的問(wèn)候。expect意為“期待”，故選A項(xiàng)。intend意為“想要；打算”；plan意為“計(jì)劃”；want意為“想要”。 2．A.and B．so C．but D．or 答案與解析：C根據(jù)設(shè)空后的“never from my father”可知，作者從未期待過(guò)收到來(lái)自父親的問(wèn)候，上下文之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用but連接。 3．A.opinions B．memories C．thoughts D．responses 答案與解析：B根據(jù)空后的“flooded back”及下一段中“When I was a little boy...”可知，關(guān)于父親的記憶(memories)涌入腦海中。故選B項(xiàng)。opinion意為“意見(jiàn)；看法”；thought意為“想法”；response意為“反應(yīng)；答復(fù)”。 4．A.angel B．teacher C．hero D．friend 答案與解析：C　根據(jù)空后的“able to do anything”可知，作者小時(shí)候認(rèn)為父親是一個(gè)無(wú)所不能的英雄(hero)。故選C項(xiàng)。 5．A.However B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．Besides 答案與解析：A　作者小時(shí)候認(rèn)為父親是英雄，后來(lái)學(xué)到的東西越多，作者越懷疑父親說(shuō)的話，上下文之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選A項(xiàng)。 6．A.improve B．change C．develop D．a(chǎn)ppear 答案與解析：B　句意為：然而，情況慢慢開(kāi)始發(fā)生了變化(change)。故選B項(xiàng)。 7．A.still B．ever C．yet D．even 答案與解析：D　隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，作者與父親之間的隔閡越來(lái)越深，甚至不喜歡與父親交流。設(shè)空處用even表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，故選D項(xiàng)。 8．A.interest B．time C．chance D．courage 答案與解析：A　根據(jù)下文可知，作者的父親不會(huì)和他一起看電視甚至有時(shí)候會(huì)拒接電話，因此，作者認(rèn)為父親沒(méi)有興趣(interest)與他聊天。故選A項(xiàng)。 9．A.in case B．if C．even if D．a(chǎn)fter 答案與解析：B　如果作者需要什么東西，父親會(huì)讓他問(wèn)母親。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知選B項(xiàng)，if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 10．A.letters B．emails C．questions D．calls 答案與解析：D根據(jù)下文“when I phoned from school”可知，作者從學(xué)校打來(lái)電話，父親甚至?xí)芙?。故選D項(xiàng)。 11．A.got fond of B．got tired of C．got familiar with D．got accustomed to 答案與解析：D上文作者回憶了很多事，寫(xiě)出與父親前后關(guān)系的變化，隨著時(shí)間的推移，作者習(xí)慣了(got accustomed to)這些變化。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知選D項(xiàng)。get fond of意為“喜歡上……”；get tired of 意為“對(duì)……厭倦”；get familiar with意為“對(duì)……熟悉”。 12．A.helped B．supported C．loved D．missed 答案與解析：C根據(jù)上文可知，作者認(rèn)為父親沒(méi)有興趣和他聊天，拒接電話，對(duì)他漠不關(guān)心，因此覺(jué)得父親或許不再愛(ài)(loved)他。故選C項(xiàng)。help意為“幫助”；support意為“支持；擁護(hù)”；miss意為“想念；錯(cuò)失”。 13．A.behavior B．a(chǎn)ttitude C．manner D．a(chǎn)ction 答案與解析：A根據(jù)本段最后一句“I hated myself for my ________behavior...”可知，本空是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。隨著時(shí)間的推移，作者開(kāi)始思考自己的行為(behavior)是否正確。故選A項(xiàng)。attitude意為“態(tài)度”；manner意為“舉止；方式”；action意為“行動(dòng)”。 14．A.often B．a(chǎn)lways C．seldom D．never 答案與解析：B有一天母親告訴作者每次他打電話，父親總是(always)在旁邊聽(tīng)著。故選B項(xiàng)。 15．A.casual B．rude C．cold D．cruel 答案與解析：C聽(tīng)了母親的話，作者開(kāi)始討厭自己對(duì)父親冷漠的(cold)行為。故選C項(xiàng)。casual意為“隨便的”；rude意為“粗魯?shù)摹?；cruel意為“殘忍的”。 16．A.apologise to B．write to C．talk with D．consult with 答案與解析：A根據(jù)前文可知，作者已經(jīng)意識(shí)到自己的行為有錯(cuò)，故想要找機(jī)會(huì)道歉，apologise to意為“向……道歉”，故選A項(xiàng)。consult with意為“請(qǐng)教；商討”。 17．A.excited B．confused C．touched D．pleased 答案與解析：C根據(jù)下文“I realized then that my fathers love for me had never disappeared.”可知，作者意識(shí)到父親對(duì)他的愛(ài)從未消失過(guò)，因此，收到父親的短信他非常感動(dòng)(touched)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境及后面的by可知選C項(xiàng)。excited意為“興奮的”；confused意為“困惑的”；pleased意為“高興的”。 18．A.letter B．card C．gift D．reply 答案與解析：D根據(jù)上文可知，作者收到了父親的短信，根據(jù)下文“Thank you，my dear father.”可知，作者回復(fù)了短信。故選D項(xiàng)。根據(jù)第19空后的when he received my reply也可得出答案。 19．A.upset B．happy C．sad D．nervous 答案與解析：B根據(jù)下文“...from morning till night.”可知，父親收到作者的回復(fù)后，非常開(kāi)心(happy)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知選B項(xiàng)。 20. A．waited B．signed C．hesitated D．smiled 答案與解析：D根據(jù)前文可知，父親收到作者的回復(fù)很開(kāi)心，所以從早上笑(smiled)到晚上。故選D項(xiàng)。 四、單句改錯(cuò)。 1．The mistakes in your homework shouldnt be overlooking, or youll keep them forever. ____________________________________________________ 答案：overlooking→overlooked　overlook與mistakes之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 2．In term of education, I first thank all my teachers who have devoted themselves to their profession. _____________________________________________________ 答案：term→terms　in terms of “就……來(lái)說(shuō)；從……角度”。 3．Fortunate, the fire was discovered soon after it had started. _____________________________________________________ 答案：Fortunate→Fortunately　副詞作狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子，故應(yīng)將fortunate改為fortunately。 4．The September 11 attack has condemned by the entire international munity. _____________________________________________________ 答案：has后加been　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：have been＋過(guò)去分詞。9.11恐怖襲擊應(yīng)是“被譴責(zé)”，故應(yīng)在has后加been。 5．When the interview was finished, I was shown in. _____________________________________________________ 答案：in→out　show sb. in “帶某人進(jìn)來(lái)”；show sb. out“帶某人出去”。由句意可知后一短語(yǔ)符合語(yǔ)境。