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必修3　Unit 2　Healthy eating 一、閱讀理解 A Wild elephants can tell whether a voice es from a man, a woman or a boy, a new study says. Thats what researchers found when they played recordings of people for elephants in Kenya. Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals havent shown. It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isnt. The result shows that the clever animals are also studying people, said study author Karen Mcb. “Basically, they have developed this very rich knowledge of the humans that they share their habitat with，” said Mcb, a professor at the University of Sussex in England. “Memory is Key. They must build up that knowledge somehow.” The study was released on Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Its close to but not quite like the Dr. Seuss book, where the elephant Horton hears something that others cant hear. Mcb and colleagues went to Amboseli National Park in Kenya, where hundreds of wild elephants live among humans, sometimes ing in conflict over scarce water. The scientists used voice recordings of Maasai men, who on occasion kill elephants, and Kamba men, who are less of a threat to the elephants. As a result, the elephants reacted more defensively—retreating and gathering in a bunch — to the Maasai language recording because it was associated with the more threatening human tribe, said study coauthor Graeme Shannon. They repeated the experiment with recordings of Maasai men and women. Since women almost never spear elephants, the animals reacted less defensively to the womens voices. The same thing happened when they substituted young boys voices. “Making this kind of fine distinctions in human voice patterns is quite remarkable，” said Emory University animal cognition expert Frans de Waal, who was not part of the study. 【文章大意】　研究表明野生大象能夠識別男、女和男孩的聲音，它們通過思維區(qū)分聲音并判斷誰能對他們產(chǎn)生威脅。 【難句分析】Mcb and colleagues went to Amboseli National Park in Kenya, where hundreds of wild elephants live among humans, sometimes ing in conflict over scarce water.(倒數(shù)第三段第一句) 分析：這是一個復合句。where引導非限制性定語從句，在從句中作地點狀語；sometimes ing in conflict over scarce water作伴隨狀語。 譯文：Mcb和同事去了位于肯尼亞的安博塞利國家公園，在那里有成百上千頭野象與人類一起生活，他們有時因為水資源匱乏而發(fā)生沖突。 1．Who were the people taking part in the study? A．Frans de Waal and Karen Mcb. B．Dr. Seuss and Graeme Shannon. C．Graeme Shannon and Frans de Waal. D．Karen Mcb and Graeme Shannon. 答案與解析：D考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“study author Karen Mcb”和第六段中的“study coauthor Graeme Shannon”可知，Karen Mcb和Groeme Shannon都參加了研究，故選D項。 2．What can wild elephants benefit from their special ability? A．Identifying and avoiding possible danger. B．Growing much faster than any other animals. C．Having a better understanding of humans. D．Developing their language skills. 答案與解析：A考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals havent shown. It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isnt.”可知，這種高等的思維方式使野象能夠分辨出誰能對他們造成威脅，這樣它們可以避免可能的危險，故A項是正確的。 3．Which can replace the underlined word “substituted” in the last paragraph? A．Distinguished. B．Repeated. C．Used. D．pared. 答案與解析：C考查詞義猜測。畫線詞所在句中的“The same thing happened”指的是前一句中的“the animals reacted less defensively to the womens voices”，畫線詞所在句講的是野象對年輕男孩的聲音做出的反應，說明當時研究者在對野象播放年輕男孩的聲音，選C項。 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Wild elephants can distinguish human languages. B．The conflict between humans and wild elephants is growing. C．Wild elephants use language skills to make discrimination. D．Wild elephants can build up good memory and learn tricks. 答案與解析：A考查主旨大意。根據(jù)文章第一句“Wild elephants can tell whether a voice es from a man, a woman or a boy”和全文內(nèi)容可知，野象能夠通過人的聲音區(qū)分不同人類群體的性別和年齡，故選A項(野象能夠區(qū)分人類的語言)。 B Winston Churchill is probably the most popular British prime minister ever. Having served as a soldier and politician, he is often considered among the greatest of Britons. While his heroic stand against the Nazis is well know, there are still a few facts about the popular politician that might surprise you. His Cigars The classic image of Winston Churchill includes a giant cigar stuck between his lips. Churchill developed his love of cigars as a young man, when he traveled to Cuba. For the rest of his life, he smoked eight or nine cigars every day. However, he almost never took a puff(吸，抽), preferring to chew on the end until it went out, then relight it and start again. To prevent the cigar being soggy (濕軟的), Churchill invented the ＂bellybando＂, a strip of brown paper which could be glued around the end. At any given time, Churchill had 3,000 to 4,000 cigars in his house, mostly his favorite Romeo & Juliet brand. On one occasion, the president of Cuba presented Churchill with 2,400 top-quality cigars, although his security team insisted one cigar from each box be sent off and tested for poison. Perhaps the story that best shows his love of cigars occurred during World War II, when he had a special oxygen mask designed so that he could still smoke his cigar on a high-altitude flight. His Black Dog Throughout his life, Churchill probably suffered from depression, which he called his ＂black dog＂. At times, his depression was so severe that he didn’t like standing close to a passing train or looking at the ocean from a ship because he feared that he would mit suicide. When he was depressed, Churchill would almost spend a great deal of time in bed and lose his ability to concentrate. However, when not depressed, Churchill was full of energy, usually working and talking until the early hours of the morning. He often described how ＂all the colors e back into the picture＂. 1. Why did Churchill’s security team insist on checking the cigars? A. To test if they were safe for Churchill. B. To see if they were of the best quality. C. To make sure they were Churchill’s favorite. D. To guarantee they were not out of date. 2. Which of the following best shows Churchill’s love of cigars? A. He fell in love with cigars at a young age. B. He smoked many cigars every day. C. He invented the ＂bellybando＂. D. He had an oxygen mask specially designed for smoking. 3. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean? A. Churchill became energetic again. B. Churchill remained depressed. C. Churchill drew colorful pictures. D. Churchill liked to talk about colors. 4. What is probably the best title of the passage? A. Achievements of Churchill B. Anecdotes about Churchill C. Personalities of Churchill D. Hobbies of Churchill 【文章大意】丘吉爾是英國最受歡迎的首相，文章介紹丘吉爾的一些奇聞軼事。 1. A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的句子＂although his security team insisted one cigar from each box be sent off and tested for poison.＂可知，丘吉爾的安全部隊堅持要檢查雪茄，為了檢測是否它們對丘吉 爾是安全的。故選A。 3.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的句子＂However, when not depressed, Churchill was full of energy, usually working and talking until the early hours of the morning.＂可知，丘吉爾精力充沛的時候， 經(jīng)常工作和交談直到凌晨。下文是他對精力充沛的描寫。故選A。 4. B【解析】標題判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和第一段的句子＂While his heroic stand against the Nazis is well know, there are still a few facts about the popular politician that might surprise you.＂可知，文章主要介紹丘吉爾的 奇聞軼事。故選B。 二、七選五 (2018云南省昆明市高三復習教學質(zhì)量檢測) How to Make a Chinese Hot Pot Eating a Chinese hot pot is a very mon experience. People gather around the pot, dipping their food, waiting for it to cook, mixing their own seasonings (調(diào)味品) and enjoying each others pany. __1__ Firstly，prepare a large pot of soup. There is no right or wrong way to prepare a soup, so feel free to make your own. A simple soup can be made by boiling water with the addition of meat bones or fish heads and a mixture of herbs, seasonings and vegetables. Then, cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices. __2__ Choose any food that you enjoy. Some mon choices for a Chinese hot pot include thin pieces of beef, pork, lamb and so on. You can make your hot pot using the more traditional method of using the meats and seafood that are local to you. Meanwhile, select, wash and prepare some vegetables. __3__ Mushrooms of all kinds are also mon to Chinese hot pot preparations. __4__ At home, a single hot pot would work well up to 8 people depending on the size of the pot. Make sure everyone is sitting in a circle and has easy access to everything on the table. Prepare a separate small dish for each guest to mix their seasonings. __5__ A．Finally, arrange the seating reasonably. B．Now es the turn to enjoy your hot pot! C．It will guarantee that the items will cook quickly and fully. D．Here are some easy steps to make a Chinese hot pot at home. E．For more variety，consider dumplings，rice cakes and tangyuan. F．Popular choices include：cabbage, pea leaves, winter melon and tomato. G．It usually lasts a couple of hours because you are cooking and eating in small parts. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇說明文。吃火鍋在中國是常見的，本文介紹了做火鍋的步驟。 1．答案與解析：D根據(jù)該空位置并結(jié)合本文標題“How to Make a Chinese Hot Pot”可知，空處承上啟下，引出下文對如何做火鍋的敘述，故D項與此處匹配。 2．答案與解析：C根據(jù)前一句中的“cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices”可知，要將各種肉和魚切成薄片，據(jù)此可以判斷，這樣就能保證食物能很快煮熟，故C項正確。 3．答案與解析：F根據(jù)前一句“Meanwhile，select，wash and prepare some vegetables”可知，同時要選擇、清洗并準備一些蔬菜，據(jù)此可以判斷，空處列舉常見的用于火鍋的蔬菜，故F項正確。 4．答案與解析：A根據(jù)空處所在位置可知，空處為該段主題句；根據(jù)第二、三段第一句中的“Firstly”、“Then”并結(jié)合該段內(nèi)容可知，該段介紹做火鍋的最后一步：合理安排好座位，故A項正確。 5．答案與解析：B根據(jù)空處所在的位置并結(jié)合語境可知，在火鍋的各種準備工作完畢后，就應該開始享受了，故B項正確。 三、短文改錯 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。 (2018福州市高三畢業(yè)班適應性練習) Dear Ben， As graduation is draw near，Id like to express my sincere gratitude to you for your kind. In the last three years，you had shared my joys and sorrows，making my school life unforgettable.I remember very much that you sent me to hospital when I had my left leg break.During the days when I had to stay in the bed，you forted me and helped me my lessons.It is your friendship which fills my life with sunshine.I hope my friendship will last forever and I also hope all your dreams will e truly in the future. Best wishes! Yours， Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Ben， As graduation is near，Id like to express my sincere gratitude to you for your . In the last three years，you shared my joys and sorrows，making my school life unforgettable.I remember very that you sent me to hospital when I had my left leg .During the days when I had to stay in bed，you forted me and helped me my lessons.It is your friendship fills my life with sunshine.I hope friendship will last forever and I also hope all your dreams will e in the future. Best wishes! Yours， Li Hua 第一處：draw改為drawing?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)。句意：隨著畢業(yè)的臨近，我想對你的善意表示由衷的感激。根據(jù)語境可知，該處用現(xiàn)在進行時表示按即將發(fā)生的動作。 第二處：kind改為kindness。考查名詞。根據(jù)形容詞性物主代詞“your”可知，該處用名詞形式。 第三處：had改為have?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)。根據(jù)該句的時間狀語“In the last three years”可知，此處表示動作從過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能延續(xù)下去，故用現(xiàn)在完成時。句意：在過去的三年時間里，你分享了我的快樂和憂傷，讓我的學校生活令人難忘。 第四處：much改為well。考查副詞。句意：我清楚地記得，當我的左腿受傷時，你將我送到醫(yī)院。由句意可知，該處表示“清楚地記得”，故將much改為well。 第五處：break改為broken?？疾檫^去分詞。leg和動詞break之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，所以用have sth.done結(jié)構(gòu)，故用過去分詞。 第六處：刪除the?？疾楣谠~。in bed為固定用法，意為“臥病在床”，故刪除the。 第七處：在my前加with。考查介詞。句意：在我不得不臥病在床的那些天里，你安慰我并幫我補習功課。help sb.with lessons為固定搭配，意為“幫助某人補習功課”，故在my前加with。 第八處：which改為that?？疾閺娬{(diào)句型。句意：是你的友誼讓我的生命充滿了陽光。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為強調(diào)句，被強調(diào)的部分是“your friendship”，故將which改為that。 知識儲備：強調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)是：It is(was)＋被強調(diào)部分＋that (who)＋句子的其他成分。被強調(diào)部分可以是主語，賓語，表語或狀語。強調(diào)的主語如果是人，可以由who代替that。 第九處：my改為our?？疾榇~。句意：我希望我們的友誼長存，我還希望你所有的夢想在將來都成為現(xiàn)實。根據(jù)句意可知，該處表示“我們的友誼”，故應用our。 第十處：truly改為true?？疾樾稳菰~。e true為固定搭配，意為“成為現(xiàn)實”，e在此處為系動詞，后接形容詞。 四、語法填空 (2018濰坊模擬) All the parts of the human body work together, although each one has its special part to do. The stomach must have a time __1__ (rest) between meals. The other parts of the body require rest, too. This they __2__ (usual) get while we are asleep. We must not fail to give them enough rest, or they will soon get __3__ (wear) out and give us trouble. Sometimes, when people are not well __4__ tired out, they find they cannot sleep well __5__ night. A number of little things can contribute to a good sleep. A hot foot bath, __6__ draws the blood away from the brain, frequently will be found __7__ (benefit). A glass of hot milk or cocoa, __8__ (take) just before going to bed, often will have the same effect. If the sleeplessness is a result of indigestion(消化不良), a plain diet will relieve. Sleeping upon a hard bed without any pillow sometimes __9__ (produce) the desired effect. Always have plenty of fresh air in the room. Keep the mind free from the cares of the day. Never take any __10__ (sleep) tablets except upon the advice of a physician, for they usually contain drugs that will injure the heart. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇科普類說明文。人體的各個器官都需要良好的休息。本文詳細介紹了幾條提高睡眠質(zhì)量的方法。 1．答案與解析：to rest　考查非謂語動詞。句意為：胃必須用兩餐之間的間隔時間來休息。have a time to do sth.為固定搭配，意為“有時間去做某事”。故填to rest。 2．答案與解析：usually　考查副詞?？崭裉幮揎梽釉~get，故用形容詞usual的副詞形式usually。 3．答案與解析：worn　考查過去分詞。該句主語they指代第一段第三句中的“The other parts of the body”，和動詞短語wear out之間是被動關系，故用被動語態(tài)，wear應用過去分詞形式。故填worn。 4．答案與解析：or　考查連詞。根據(jù)語境可知，該句中的not well和空格后的tired out為選擇關系，表示“或者”。故填or。 5．答案與解析：at　考查介詞。表示“在晚上”用固定短語at night。故填at。 6．答案與解析：which　考查定語從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導非限制性定語從句，指代先行詞“A hot foot bath”，并在從句中作主語，所以用which引導該定語從句。故填which。 7．答案與解析：beneficial　考查形容詞。該句中的found為感官動詞，在該處用作系動詞，后應接形容詞作表語，意為“有利的，有益的”。故填beneficial。 8．答案與解析：taken　考查非謂語動詞。該句中的主語“A glass of hot milk or cocoa”和動詞take之間為被動關系，故用其過去分詞作狀語。故填taken。 9．答案與解析：produces/will produce　考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意為：在硬床上不墊任何枕頭睡覺有時會達到你想要的效果。根據(jù)句意可知，該句陳述的是客觀道理或預料將要發(fā)生的情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時。故填produces/will produce。 10．答案與解析：sleeping　考查名詞。sleeping tablet意為“安眠藥片”，相當于sleeping pill，為固定用法。故填sleeping。 【長難句分析】All the parts of the human body work together, although each one has its special part to do.(第一段第一句) 分析：該句為主從復合句，句中“although each one has its special part to do”為although引導的讓步狀語從句。 譯文：人體的所有部位協(xié)同工作，盡管每個部位都有其特殊作用。