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專題二十三 人物故事類閱讀+科普知識(shí)類閱讀+完形填空+語(yǔ)篇填空+短文改錯(cuò) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2018重慶一中月考) When my son was first diagnosed with autism(自閉癥),it was a very hard time for us.However,in some ways it was a relief,because we finally had a name for what was going on in our lives,but it also meant years of uncertainty,and we didn’t know what the future was like. When I shared the news with my co-workers,I was so surprised and happy to receive so much immediate love and support from them.They were focused on what we needed,as opposed to how it would affect my ability to make it to work. One co-worker,Jackie,in particular,was amazing to my family and me.She called me into her office a few days later,and gave me a “ worry stone”.It gives you something to focus on when you’re worried,rubbing your thumb around on this stone.It was a lovely gesture. She then extended a permanent offer to drive us to any appointments or tests we needed.Considering the fact that we lived 90 minutes from where most treatment took place,this was a tremendous offer.She made it very clear to me that this offer included last-minute trips or emergencies.Anytime we needed to go anywhere,she was willing to be our transportation.She said that we needed to be able to focus on our son instead of having to divide our attention between the road and him. We never did need to take her up on her wonderful offer,but knowing it was there and that she was so willing to help made it feel like we were much less alone. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是人物故事類閱讀。作者講述了自己兒子被確診患有自閉癥后,經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)非常艱難的時(shí)期。在這段最需要幫助的時(shí)候,自己周圍的人尤其是自己的同事給予了自己及時(shí)的幫助。 1.What does “a relief” refer to in the first paragraph? 　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.My son’s recovery from the disease. B.The help from my co-workers. C.Knowing what my boy’s problem is. D.The sign of a better future. 答案C 解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段首句“When my son was first diagnosed with Autism (自閉癥),it was a very hard time for us.However,in some ways it was a relief,because we finally had a name for what was going on in our lives...”可知,兒子被診斷出患有自閉癥,這讓作者夫婦生活艱難,但值得欣慰的是,至少知道了兒子到底出什么問(wèn)題了。答案為C項(xiàng)。 2.Why did the co-worker offer to drive for us? A.She is a more experienced driver. B.We live far away from the hospital. C.She lives very close to our house. D.She wishes to reduce our worries. 答案D 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后兩句“Anytime we needed to go anywhere,she was willing to be our transportation.She said that we needed to be able to focus on our son instead of having to divide our attention between the road and him.”可知,這位同事愿意為作者夫婦開(kāi)車,這樣作者夫婦就不用在開(kāi)車和兒子之間分心了。答案為D項(xiàng)。 3.What does the writer think of the offer by Jackie? A.It’s a great fort. B.It’s a last-minute offer. C.It’s not necessary. D.It’s a difficult decision for her. 答案A 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,Jackie送給作者一個(gè)“憂慮石”。當(dāng)你擔(dān)心的時(shí)候,它會(huì)分散你的一些注意力,減少一個(gè)人的壓力,安慰緊張的心理,以及根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容,可知答案為A項(xiàng)。 4.What might be the best title for the text? A.Years of Uncertainty B.The Most Generous Woman C.In Time of Need D.A Story of Sacrifice 答案C 解析主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,作者講述了自己雖遭遇不幸,但在最需要幫助的時(shí)候,自己周圍的人尤其是同事給予及時(shí)的幫助,因此C項(xiàng)符合題意。 B (2018河北衡水模擬) Over a hundred years ago in 1911,something strange was found in the glaciers of Antarctica.Crilffith Taylor—an Australian geologist,had discovered a blood red stream pouring out of the ice cascades(瀑布) of Talor Glacier!Popularly known as the Blood Falls,scientists had not been able to find the reason behind the blood red liquid flowing through the ice—until recently.The mystery of the Blood Falls had finally been solved. When these falls were first discovered,scientists had believed that the red colour came from a large amount of red algae(海藻) concentrated in the water.Red algae contain a pigment(色素) which reflects red light,making the algae appear red. This theory made sense,until it was later found that algae do not play a part in the red colour of the flowing liquid at all.What really causes Talor Glacier’s waters appear blood red,is the presence of iron oxide in the liquid.The waters of the blood falls are rich in salt and iron content,and when this water es in contact with the air,it turns red—just like rust!The water in these falls is often referred to as “brine” by scientists because of the high salt content in the water. This reasoning behind the red colour of the falls was found back in 2003.However,the entire mystery had not yet been solved.How is it then,that the Blood Falls are not frozen? Researchers at the University of Colorado and University of Alaska found that inside the glacier,there was a network of channels and reservoirs that move the water around.Salt water has a lower freezing temperature.In addition,when any substance undergoes a change in state,it gives off heat.Therefore,the brine actually warm itself up while it’s freezing!How this works,is that when the brine is flowing through the Talor Glacier,some of it does freeze.As a result of changing state from liquid to ice,the brine gives off heat.This heat is enough to keep the rest of the brine in liquid form,which is why it flows out of the glacier. Incredible new chemistry facts found,and mystery solved! 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是科普知識(shí)閱讀。一百多年前的1911年,澳大利亞地質(zhì)學(xué)家在南極洲的冰川中發(fā)現(xiàn)了奇怪的景象——血瀑布。科學(xué)家一直無(wú)法找到紅色液體不結(jié)冰的原因。直到最近,血瀑布的秘密終于被揭開(kāi)了:水中富含鹽和鐵,當(dāng)水接觸空氣時(shí),就會(huì)像鐵銹一樣變紅。同時(shí),鹽分高導(dǎo)致它不結(jié)冰。 5.How was the red algae theory once considered? 　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.Ridiculous. B.Reasonable. C.Impractical. D.plex. 答案B 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段首句“This theory made sense,until it was later found that algae do not play a part in the red color of the flowing liquid at all.”可知,這個(gè)理論初期被認(rèn)為是有道理的,直到后來(lái)才發(fā)現(xiàn)海藻對(duì)流動(dòng)的液體的紅色并不起作用,所以答案為B項(xiàng)。make sense“有道理,有意義,講的通”。 6.Why does the Blood Falls look red in colour? A.Because there is too much salt and iron in its water. B.Because its liquid is rich in red algae. C.Because the flowing liquid reflects red sunlight. D.Because the air is thin and rare in Antarctica. 答案A 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“The waters of the blood falls are rich in salt and iron content,and when this water es in contact with the air,it turns red—just like rust!”可知,因?yàn)楦缓}分和鐵,當(dāng)水接觸空氣時(shí),就會(huì)像鐵銹一樣變紅。答案為A項(xiàng)。 7.What is the main reason for the Blood Falls’ not freezing? A.The water continued flowing constantly. B.There is too much salt in the water. C.The brine gives off heat while freezing. D.Temperatures aren’t high enough for flowing water. 答案C 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“As a result of changing state from liquid to ice,the brine gives off heat.This heat is enough to keep the rest of the brine in liquid form,which is why it flows out of the glacier.”可知,從液態(tài)到冰態(tài)變化時(shí),鹵水放出熱量。這種熱量足以使其余的鹽水保持液態(tài),這就是它不結(jié)冰的原因。答案為C項(xiàng)。 8.What is the passage mainly about? A.The discovery of the blood glacier. B.The birth of the Talor Glacier. C.The flowing red water in Antarctica. D.The mystery of the Blood Falls. 答案D 解析主旨大意題。1911年,澳大利亞地質(zhì)學(xué)家在南極洲的冰川中發(fā)現(xiàn)了奇怪的景象——血瀑布。文章重點(diǎn)分析血瀑布產(chǎn)生的原因,揭開(kāi)神秘面紗,所以答案為D項(xiàng)。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2018重慶八中月考) Louis Cha,better known by his pen name Jin Yong,is an established writer of the classic Chinese wuxia novel series The Condor Trilogy,A Hero Born. Cha 　1　 to Cambridge University for a master’s degree.Aged 81,he became one of the oldest students to 　2　 in the university’s history. Cha and his wife left their finely-furnished house in Hong Kong and rented a much 　3　 one near Cambridge.It was 　4　 that after a careful discussion they hired an Italian 　5　 so that they could eat Chinese food in an Italian style. Every day,Cha 　6　 a schoolbag containing books and materials for class.As a famous kung fu 　7　,he has many fans.Whenever asked for his signature,he would 　8　 them politely and tell them if instead of 　9　 class,he was taking a walk or having a coffee,he would 　10　 for them. “Cha used to go to class by bike.However,his wife 　11　 that cars in the campus might knock him down.Then,the bike was 　12　,but Cha called himself an old man with little sense of 　13　 and before long he 　14　 the car too.Now he uses a taxi.” When Cha was very　15　,his mother once pared him to his star cousin Xu Zhimo who went to Cambridge.Cha was a little 　16　,determining to prove himself by studying in Cambridge too.　17　,the most important reason is his strong thirst for knowledge.Cha said,“Some people think I am not 　18　 to be the director of Literature School in Zhejiang University.I don’t retort (反駁),but I can always 　19　 my own knowledge.” As the most acplished and highly productive founding father of Chinese wuxia classics,Cha’s consistent 　20　 to learn really deserves our admiration. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是人物故事。本文主要講了中國(guó)著名的武俠小說(shuō)家金庸先生在81歲的時(shí)候還去劍橋大學(xué)讀書(shū),他這種活到老學(xué)到老的精神值得我們大家學(xué)習(xí)。 1.A.applied B.graduated C.appealed D.entitled 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“申請(qǐng),應(yīng)用,涂,抹,敷”;B項(xiàng)“畢業(yè)”;C項(xiàng)“呼吁,懇求,吸引,上訴”;D項(xiàng)“授予榮譽(yù)或頭銜”。金庸申請(qǐng)去劍橋大學(xué)讀碩士學(xué)位。apply (to sb.) for sth.“向……申請(qǐng)……”。答案為A項(xiàng)。 2.A.enter B.enroll C.write D.show 答案B 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“進(jìn)入”;B項(xiàng)“報(bào)名,登記,入學(xué)”;C項(xiàng)“寫(xiě)”;D項(xiàng)“展示”。在這所大學(xué)的歷史上,他成為入學(xué)最年長(zhǎng)的學(xué)生之一。答案為B項(xiàng)。 3.A.shabbier B.costlier C.bigger D.brighter 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。根據(jù)上文“Cha and his wife left their finely-furnished house in Hong Kong”可知,金庸和妻子離開(kāi)他們陳設(shè)精美的香港的家,那么推理到劍橋附近租的房子應(yīng)該沒(méi)有香港的房子那么豪華,所以答案為A項(xiàng),shabby“寒酸的”。 4.A.serious B.challenging C.considerate D.interesting 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)重的,嚴(yán)肅的”;B項(xiàng)“挑戰(zhàn)性的”;C項(xiàng)“體貼的”;D項(xiàng)“有趣的”。他們雇傭了一位意大利的廚師,這樣他們就可以吃到意大利風(fēng)味兒的中國(guó)菜,他們的這個(gè)做法很有趣。答案為D項(xiàng)。 5.A.babysitter B.nurse C.chef D.teacher 答案C 解析文化常識(shí)題。根據(jù)后文“so that they could eat Chinese food in an Italian style”可知,他們雇傭了一位意大利的廚師。答案為C項(xiàng)。 6.A.sends B.carries C.holds D.chooses 答案B 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“發(fā)送”;B項(xiàng)“攜帶”;C項(xiàng)“拿著,握著”;D項(xiàng)“選擇”。每天,金庸攜帶一個(gè)裝滿書(shū)和材料的書(shū)包去上學(xué)。答案為B項(xiàng)。 7.A.scholar B.director C.artist D.novelist 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“學(xué)者”;B項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)演”;C項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)家”;D項(xiàng)“小說(shuō)家”。根據(jù)第一段“Louis Cha,better known by his pen name Jin Yong,is an established writer of the classic Chinese wuxia novel series The Condor Trilogy,A Hero Born.”可知,他是一位非常著名的武俠小說(shuō)家。答案為D項(xiàng)。 8.A.refuse B.accept C.approve D.appreciate 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“拒絕”;B項(xiàng)“接受”;C項(xiàng)“贊成,批準(zhǔn)”;D項(xiàng)“欣賞,感激”。根據(jù)下文“and tell them if instead of 　9　 class,he was taking a walk or having a coffee,he would 　10　 for them.”可知,當(dāng)被要求簽名時(shí),他會(huì)禮貌地拒絕,并告訴他們?nèi)绻簧险n,在散步和喝咖啡時(shí),他會(huì)給他們簽名。答案為A項(xiàng)。 9.A.delivering B.skipping C.conducting D.attending 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“投遞,生小孩,發(fā)表演說(shuō)”;B項(xiàng)“跳過(guò)”;C項(xiàng)“指揮”;D項(xiàng)“去學(xué)校,參加”。根據(jù)上一題分析可知答案為D項(xiàng)。 10.A.interpret B.write C.sign D.explain 答案C 解析行文邏輯題。A項(xiàng)“翻譯”;B項(xiàng)“寫(xiě)”;C項(xiàng)“簽名”;D項(xiàng)“解釋”。根據(jù)上文“Whenever asked for his signature...”可知應(yīng)該選擇C項(xiàng)。 11.A.expected B.predicted C.feared D.argued 答案C 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“期盼,料想”;B項(xiàng)“預(yù)測(cè)”;C項(xiàng)“害怕”;D項(xiàng)“爭(zhēng)論,辯論”。然而,他的妻子害怕校園里的車可能會(huì)把他撞倒。答案為C項(xiàng)。 12.A.changed B.replaced C.destroyed D.exchanged 答案B 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“改變”;B項(xiàng)“替代”;C項(xiàng)“毀掉,破壞”;D項(xiàng)“交換”。根據(jù)下文“but Cha called himself an old man with little sense of 　13　 and before long he 　14　 the car too.Now he uses a taxi.”可知,金庸一開(kāi)始騎自行車,之后自己開(kāi)車,最后使用出租車,所以自行車被替換。答案為B項(xiàng)。 13.A.humor B.business C.direction D.achievement 答案C 解析文化常識(shí)題。A項(xiàng)“幽默”;B項(xiàng)“商業(yè),買(mǎi)賣”;C項(xiàng)“方向,指導(dǎo)”;D項(xiàng)“成就,業(yè)績(jī)”。金庸說(shuō)自己是一個(gè)沒(méi)有方向感的老頭兒,根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷這里指的是自己開(kāi)車。答案為C項(xiàng)。 14.A.gave up B.took up C.sold out D.used up 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“放棄,停止”;B項(xiàng)“占據(jù),接受,開(kāi)始從事”;C項(xiàng)“賣完”;D項(xiàng)“用光”。根據(jù)第12題分析可知,金庸最后放棄了自己開(kāi)車,開(kāi)始打車上學(xué)。答案為A項(xiàng)。 15.A.old　 　　B.young C.sick　　　D.lazy 答案B 解析文化常識(shí)題。根據(jù)該句“his mother once pared him to his star cousin Xu Zhimo who went to Cambridge”可知,當(dāng)金庸非常小的時(shí)候,他的母親曾經(jīng)拿他和他在劍橋大學(xué)就讀的表兄徐志摩相比。徐志摩就讀劍橋期間金庸應(yīng)該年齡較小,所以答案為B項(xiàng)。 16.A.sad B.surprised C.demanding D.jealous 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“難過(guò)的”;B項(xiàng)“驚訝的”;C項(xiàng)“苛求的,要求高的”;D項(xiàng)“妒忌的”。根據(jù)后文“determining to prove himself by studying in Cambridge too”可知,金庸有些嫉妒表兄徐志摩。答案為D項(xiàng)。 17.A.However B.Therefore C.Furthermore D.Consequently 答案A 解析行文邏輯題。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容及下文“the most important reason is his strong thirst for knowledge”可知,金庸去劍橋上大學(xué)是出于對(duì)表兄徐志摩的妒忌,然而,最重要的是他對(duì)知識(shí)的強(qiáng)烈渴望。前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,所以答案為A項(xiàng)。 18.A.weled B.qualified C.recruited D.elected 答案B 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“受歡迎的”;B項(xiàng)“有資格的”;C項(xiàng)“被招聘的,被雇傭的”;D項(xiàng)“被選舉的”。句意:有些人認(rèn)為我沒(méi)有資格擔(dān)任浙江大學(xué)文學(xué)院的院長(zhǎng)。答案為B項(xiàng)。 19.A.test B.show C.prove D.increase 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“測(cè)試”;B項(xiàng)“展示”;C項(xiàng)“證明,證實(shí)”;D項(xiàng)“增加,增長(zhǎng)”。句意:我不反駁,但是我一直在增長(zhǎng)自己的知識(shí)。答案為D項(xiàng)。 20.A.hesitation B.intelligence C.willingness D.ability 答案C 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“猶豫不決”;B項(xiàng)“智力”;C項(xiàng)“意愿,心甘情愿”;D項(xiàng)“能力”。金庸始終如一的學(xué)習(xí)意愿值得我們欽佩。答案為C項(xiàng)。 Ⅲ.語(yǔ)篇填空 (2018四川內(nèi)江一模) Chrysanthemum(菊花) es from China and was recorded in some Chinese books as early as the 5th century BC.The flower 1.(introduce) to Japan during the Tang Dynasty.It usually begins to bloom(開(kāi)花) in the 9th lunar month,lending a festive atmosphere to Double Ninth Day.That’s why the month is also referred to 2.　　　　　　 “the month of chrysanthemum”. The flower has been favored by 3.　　　　　　(poet) through the ages,because it is one of the only flowers that bloom in late autumn.Du Fu,a great Tang Dynasty poet,wrote more than ten poems singing the praises of the flower. Chinese people 4.　　　　　　(be) fond of enjoying chrysanthemum on Double Ninth Day long before.Chrysanthemum displays were usually held immediately after 5.　　　　　　 day in some regions of China in the Qing Dynasty.People in Beijing began to stick chrysanthemums on doors and windows 6. (get) rid of the bad luck and bring in the good luck,7.　　　　　　 was an alteration(改變) of the custom of 8.　　　　　　(wear) chrysanthemum on people’s heads.At these displays family members acpany their elders to have a relaxing day in a natural atmosphere while wishing for good health and 9.(happy) for them.The displays are often 10.　　　　　　(live) with a sea of visitors. 答案與解析 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章講述了菊花的歷史、文化及相關(guān)的一些活動(dòng)及意義。 1.was introduced　考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句中主語(yǔ)“The flower”和動(dòng)詞“introduce”是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,指這種花被介紹,在句中作謂語(yǔ)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),再根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“the Tang Dynasty”可知應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 2.as　考查介詞。句意:這就是九月被叫做菊花月的原因,表示“作為,當(dāng)做”用as。 3.poets　考查名詞。句中“poet”是可數(shù)名詞,此處泛指古往今來(lái)的詩(shī)人們,用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 4.were　考查主謂一致。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“l(fā)ong before”可知,此處用過(guò)去時(shí),與主語(yǔ)Chinese people保持一致用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 5.the　考查冠詞。此處是特指“Double Ninth Day”,用定冠詞the,表示重陽(yáng)節(jié)之后。 6.to get　考查動(dòng)詞不定式。此處是不定式表目的,指人們把菊花貼在門(mén)窗上是為了擺脫壞運(yùn)氣。 7.which　考查定語(yǔ)從句。句中包含非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,用which引導(dǎo)指代前面的句子。 8.wearing　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句中介詞of后用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。 9.happiness　考查名詞。與前面的名詞“health”并列也用名詞,指健康和幸福。 10.lively　考查形容詞。此處是形容詞lively作表語(yǔ),指這種展覽有大量的游客,生氣勃勃的。 Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò) (2018四川新都一中月考) Dear Ms Jenkins, I’m Li Hua from your English writing class in last term.I’m writing to ask for your help.I’m applied for a part-time job in my city during the summer vacation,advertise by a foreign pany.And I had just pleted my application letter and resume.Besides,I am not quite sure of the language and the format I’ve used.Because I know you have a very tightly schedule,I need your timely help.I’d appreciate if you could spend some time going through them and made necessary changes.You can find my application letter and resume in the attachment. Thank you for your kind! Yours, Li Hua 答案 Dear Ms Jenkins, I’m Li Hua from your English writing class in last term.I’m writing to ask for your help.I’m appliedapplying for a part-time job in my city during the summer vacation,advertiseadvertised by a foreign pany.And I hadhave just pleted my application letter and resume.BesidesHowever,I am not quite sure of the language and the format I’ve used.BecauseAlthough I know you have a very tightlytight schedule,I need your timely help.I’d appreciate ∧it if you could spend some time going through them and mademaking necessary changes.You can find my application letter and resume in the attachment. Thank you for your kindkindness! Yours, Li Hua