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必修4　Unit 4　Body language 一、閱讀理解 A The biggest challenge faced by travelers especially those who like to have a backpacking trip is how to ensure a steady supply of clean clothes. Now, thanks to a great invention called the Scrubba Wash Bag, that worry may be a thine of the past. The portable washing machine was invented by Ash Newland in 2010, while he was planning to climb Mt. Kilimanjaro. Struck by the limited packing space, he got inspiration from traditional washboards to create a bag that could be used to clean clothes. Then he quitted his career as a lawyer and focused on perfecting the bags design. By 2012, the bag was ready for the public. It weighed only 180 grams and required very little storage space, making it perfect for anyone wishing to travel light. Not surprisingly, the bag worth 55 dollars was an instant hit with travelers, university students and even passengers. However, Newland was not satisfied. He still saw a disadvantage with his invention — dirty clothes had to be carried around in a separate bag! The recently introduced Scrubba Wash Bag solves that problem. In order to make the pack active, dirty clothes are placed inside the bag along with two or three liters of water. The bag is then shut tightly to ensure all air is squeezed out and the clothes are massaged for a few minutes. After a quick wash, they are clean and ready to be dried. According to Newland, the pack can clean anything from jeans to smelly socks! Whats even more amazing is that with a capacity to hold 13 liters of water, it can be used to wash more clothes at a time. The best part is that the 99dollar pack that will be available for sale later this year, only weighs 300 grams and is pletely foldable, making it easy to store when its not in use. With the Scrubba Wash Bag, wandering through foreign cities, searching for a laundry, or paying for washing machines may soon be a thing of the past! 【文章大意】　本文是一篇說明文，介紹了Scrubba Wash Bag的產生背景和功能。 【難句分析】The best part is that the 99dollar pack that will be available for sale later this year, only weighs 300 grams and is pletely foldable, making it easy to store when its not in use.(最后一段第一句) 分析：這是一個復合句，第一個that引導表語從句，第二個that引導定語從句，在從句中作主語，非謂語動詞短語“making it easy to store when its not in use”作結果狀語，when在這里引導時間狀語從句。 譯文：這款今年晚些時間將要上市的九十九美元的背包最好的地方是它的重量只有三百克，并且可以完全折疊，使它在不用時容易存放。 1．What led Ash Newland to create the Scrubba Wash Bag? A．His job requirements. B．A traditional washboard. C．His interest in invention. D．His personal experience. 答案與解析：D　考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“The portable washing machine was invented by Ash Newland in 2010, while he was planning to climb Mt. Kilimanjaro. Struck by the limited packing space, he got inspiration from traditional washboards to create a bag that could be used to clean clothes”可知，在計劃攀登乞力馬扎羅山時，Ash Newland發(fā)明出了便攜式洗衣機。由于苦惱于有限的背包空間，他從傳統(tǒng)的洗衣板中得到靈感而得以創(chuàng)造出一個可以用來洗衣服的背包，故選D項，Ash Newland因為自己的個人經歷而發(fā)明了這款背包。 2．Why wasnt Ash Newland satisfied with his former invention? A．Clothes couldnt be washed well. B．The invention was not so convenient. C．The bag couldnt contain enough water. D．The cost of the invention was very high. 答案與解析：B　考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“However, Newland was not satisfied. He still saw a disadvantage with his invention — dirty clothes had to be carried around in a separate bag”可知，Newland之所以不滿意，是因為他發(fā)現(xiàn)這個發(fā)明的一個缺點——臟衣服不得不放在一個分開的包里帶來帶去，不方便，故B項是正確的。 3．It can be inferred that the improved Scrubba Wash Bag ________. A．turns to be much environmentally friendlier B．will replace the traditional washing machines C．will be widely used by more travelers in the future D．can encourage more people to travel a long distance 答案與解析：C　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“With the Scrubba Wash Bag, wandering through foreign cities, searching for a laundry, or paying for washing machines may soon be a thing of the past！”可知，有了Scrubba Wash Bag，在國外漫游時尋找洗衣店或者為用洗衣機洗衣付費很快就會成為過去。由此可以推知，在將來Scrubba Wash Bag將會被更多的旅游者廣泛使用，故選C項。 4．What is the best title of this passage? A．A thing of the past: Travelers worry of the clothes washing B．The Scrubba Wash Bag—A bag free of washing C．The development of a great invention D．How to design a new pack for travelers 答案與解析：A　考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了Scrubba Wash Bag的產生背景和功能，重點介紹這種發(fā)明對旅行者洗衣帶來的方便，故選A項。B項講的是“Scrubba Wash Bag——一種免洗的包”，不符合文意；C項講的是“一個偉大的發(fā)明的發(fā)展”，它夸大了這項發(fā)明的作用；D項講的是“怎樣為旅行者設計一個新包”，對文章內容概括不全，太片面。 B Away with words The telegraph, an online news service, has teamed up with Saga, which provides products and services only for the over 50s, to hold a new petition to find the best travel writer. Three lucky winners will win a master class with two top Telegraph travel writers before travelling the world with Saga on one of three holidays of great fort and pleasure. To enter, all you need to do is tell us something mysterious and wonderful about the world of travel—a favorite memory, a humorous tale, an unforgettable occasion or a sight worth writing about. What we are looking for You must be able to read not only those signs that help you find your way around but the ones that tell you how the locals tick. You must, in the words of Paul Theroux, an American travel writer, “descibe exactly what you see and give it life with your imgaination”. In this petition, you can do that in anything from 150 words to 500, but they should be your words, and fresh ones. We do expect you not to hide the truth or the facts about your experience. Beyond that, you can make the most of the freedom travel writing gives you. You’ll be editor as well as writer, so ensure those eyes are equally fresh when you check and recheck what you’ve written. We will make allowances for the occasional mistake, such as you have “fell” into a river. But we won’t put up with mistakes every few lines. Terms ＆ conditions petitors must be aged 50 years or older. The judging process is divided into two stages: entries will be hosted on the website for one month. The top 20 articles will then be selected by public vote. The top three winners will be chosen by three judges. The closing date for entries is August 15. 1.What does the prize for winners include? A. a chance to learn from excellent writers. B. the publication of their works. C. three wonderful holidays. D.an opportunity to work in the Telegraph. 2.Who will select the final winners? A. the public. B. Paul Theroux C. two top Telegraph travel writers D. three chosen judges. 3.What type of writing is this text ? A. An essay B.A travel guide C.A writing guide D. An announcement 【文章大意】本文是一篇應用文，主要介紹了旅行作家大賽的參賽標準和獎勵。 1.A 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Three lucky winners will win a master class with two top Telegraph travel writers ”可知，獲勝者將有機會和優(yōu)秀的旅行作家學習。 3.D 【解析】推理判斷題。通讀文章可知，文章介紹了旅行作家大賽的參賽標準和獎勵，屬于通知。 二、七選五 (2018湖北省部分重點中學高三起點考試) How to avoid a boring conversation What excuses should you use to avoid talking to people you dont want to talk to? Here are tips and inoffensive ways to get out of unwanted conversations. 1. Go for a refill(續(xù)杯)． It is natural for anyone at a party to be excused to get a refill. __1__ And once you excuse yourself, make a move fast before the person requests you to get a refill for him as well. 2. Pretend bad mood. Cut off the conversation before it starts by saying something along the lines of “Im not in a good mood. Can I talk to you later if you dont mind？” __2__ Say it firmly so that people get the message loud and clear. 3. Ask your friend to save you. __3__ Simply text your friend and ask him or her to e for apparently something important. You will be able to skip a boring chat with a seemingly reasonable excuse. 4．__4__ You are advised to look away from that person and dont make eye contact, so that you can give powerful hints (暗示) that you find the conversation extremely boring. __5__ Be sure to tune in to the conversation every now and then so you dont e across as rude. A．Behave in an obviously careless way. B．Just be sure that the person you are talking to does not offer to acpany you to do so. C．Dont act too polite in an attempt to draw sympathy. D．Use body language to indicate boredom. E．Your friend is bound to perform brilliantly in coping with the dull one. F．Look elsewhere and pretend that something else has caught your attention. G．Stuck in an unwanted conversation, how do you get out of it? 【文章大意】　本文主要介紹了怎樣避免無聊的談話。 1．答案與解析：B選項B中的so就是指空前的“get a refill”這一行為；同時空后的“make a move fast...as well”與選項B的內容相呼應。 2．答案與解析：C空后的代詞it指代空處前一句中的“Im not in a good mood. Can I talk to you later if you dont mind？”，所以空處及后一句與這一問題有關；同時后一句中的“Say it firmly”與選項C“不要為了獲得同情而表現(xiàn)得太禮貌。”在內容和語氣方面是一致的。 3．答案與解析：G根據(jù)該段的主題句以及空后兩句可知，空后的兩句話是對選項G這一疑問句的回答，選項G能夠引出下文，符合語境。 4．答案與解析：D根據(jù)上文中的主題句都使用祈使句這一特點可知，該段也應用祈使句作主題句；同時根據(jù)該段中的第一句可知，把目光從這個人身上移開，不要有眼神交流，這樣可以給對方強烈的暗示，使其發(fā)現(xiàn)這段談話極其無聊，這與選項D“使用肢體語言暗示厭煩?！毕辔呛?。 5．答案與解析：F空處起承上啟下的作用，且根據(jù)該段主題句可知，使用肢體語言暗示厭煩，所以選項F“看向別處并假裝你的注意力被其他東西吸引。”與之吻合。 三、短文改錯 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。 (2018煙臺診斷) Li Ming is a friend of mine.Im glad he changed greatly in the past two years.I clearly remember he was quite fat two years before.He got tired so easy that he couldnt take exercise，that made him very upset.Later，he realized unless he went on like that，he would end up achieve nothing.So he made up his minds to make a change.He went running every morning and played the basketball every afternoon.Besides，he followed a diet of more vegetables or less meat.Gradually he began to lose weight.He is now an energetic boy in good health.So when faced with problems，we should overe it with great determination and strong willpower. 【答案】 Li Ming is a friend of mine.Im glad he changed greatly in the past two years.I clearly remember he was quite fat two years .He got tired so that he couldnt take exercise， made him very upset.Later，he realized he went on like that，he would end up nothing.So he made up his to make a change.He went running every morning and played basketball every afternoon.Besides，he followed a diet of more vegetables less meat.Gradually he began to lose weight.He is now an energetic boy in good health.So when faced with problems，we should overe with great determination and strong willpower. 第一處：考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)本句的時間狀語“in the past two years”可知，此處應用現(xiàn)在完成時。故加has。 第二處：考查副詞。根據(jù)句子所使用的一般過去時可知，此處是指兩年前。ago立足現(xiàn)在，表示從現(xiàn)在起的2年前；before立足過去，表示從過去某一時刻起的2年前。此處應用ago。 第三處：考查副詞。easy是形容詞，意為“容易的”； easily是副詞，意為“容易地”。此處應用副詞修飾動詞詞組“got tired”，意為“很容易勞累”。故用easily。 第四處：考查定語從句。根據(jù)句型結構分析可知，此處引導非限制性定語從句，不能用that引導，所以用which指代前面的整句話；或者在that前加and，構成and連接的兩個并列句。故用which/and that。 第五處：考查連詞。unless意為“除非”，相當于if...not；if意為“如果”。根據(jù)句意可知，后來他意識到如果他繼續(xù)那樣，他將什么也不會獲得。故用if。 第六處：考查非謂語動詞。end up doing sth.意為“以做某事而告終”，此處應用動名詞。故用achieving。 第七處：考查固定搭配。make up ones mind to do sth.是固定短語，意為“下定決心做某事”，mind的單復數(shù)由ones決定，因為這里是his，所以用單數(shù)。故用mind。 第八處：考查冠詞。球類名詞前不加冠詞。play basketball意為“打籃球”。故去掉the。 第九處：考查連詞。or意為“或者”，表示選擇；and意為“和”，表示并列。此處“more vegetables”和“l(fā)ess meat”是并列的。故用and。 第十處：考查代詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指代上文中的“problems”，所以用them。 四、短文語法填空 This summer I travelled from noisy Beijing to Wuzhen, a beautiful village in Zhejiang Province.Unfolded before me was __1__ unique image of this water country — the stone bridge and the water flowing, all like fairy tales to me. However, __2__ impressed me most was not the natural scenery but the scene of a grandma bathing a little baby in a wooden basin with the door open.My friends couldn’t help __3__ (take) pictures of them.To my surprise, the grandma smiled and waved at us.All of a sudden, my heart was filled with __4__ (warm)． I shared the photo and my __5__ (forget) experience with my friends.They were __6__ (simple) moved as I was, but at the same time they reminded me of the unpleasant experiences in big cities.We feel embarrassed to see people quarrelling in public because they __7__ (step) on accidentally by strangers. According to a recent survey __8__ (make) in November 2017: 45 percent of the residents don’t know the names of their neighbors；63 percent have never devoted __9__ (they) to talking to their neighbors; 67 percent think that the relationship between them and their neighbors is just soso, or even bad. Wouldn’t it be beautiful to say hello to our neighbors who just came back __10__ work and give them a smile? 1．a　image 是可數(shù)名詞，且第一次在語境中出現(xiàn)，故用不定冠詞修飾，且unique的讀者不是以元音音素開頭的，故用不定冠詞a。 2．what　what引導主語從句，且在從句中作主語，表示物的概念。 3．taking　固定搭配：can’t help doing sth.意為“情不自禁做某事”，故用動名詞作賓語。 4．warmth　介詞后跟名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語，故用名詞warmth作介詞with的賓語。 5．unforgettable　修飾名詞一般用形容詞，且此處與第二段呼應，作者和朋友們分享的是難忘的經歷，故用形容詞unforgettable，在句子中作定語。 6．simply　修飾形容詞應用副詞，故用副詞simply在句子中作狀語。 7．are stepped　根據(jù)語境中by的提示可知，此處表示被動概念，且由句中feel的時態(tài)可知，應用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，即are stepped。 8．made　make 和其邏輯主語survey之間構成動賓關系，故用過去分詞作后置定語。 9．themselves　固定搭配：devote oneself to，意為“專心于；致力于”，此處用反身代詞themselves作賓語。 10．from　根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示下班后回來，故用介詞from，意為“從……”。