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Unit 4 Pygmalion ***閱讀理解。 Before I studied psychology，I used to think that people would laugh when funny things occurred.While I was right about that，I discovered there are lots of other psychological factors that make people laugh other than the funny part of a joke.When someone laughs at a joke，there will usually be more than one reason that makes him laugh—and the more reasons there are，the more powerful the joke will be. I was attending a standup edy show in Egypt，and when the man started to make fun of pedestrians crossing streets，everyone laughed their heads off.The main reason why those people strongly laughed was that almost all of them felt angry towards pedestrians who crossed streets carelessly.The joke wasn’t only funny，but it also made the audience feel that they were right about being angry at those pedestrians. That is, people were laughing both because of the funny joke and because of the happiness experienced as a result of the psychological support they got. The better a joke makes a person feel，and the more it includes other psychological factors，the more the person will like it.For example，if you envy one of your friends，and someone tells a joke that is funny and，at the same time，makes your friend seem stupid，then you will probably laugh at it louder than if you weren’t jealous of him. In short，we don’t laugh only when we hear something funny; we also laugh when we experience some kind of happiness that results from the other psychological factors involved in the joke.I strongly discourage you from making fun of anyone or belittling someone to make someone else laugh.All I want to explain is that if your joke supports a person’s emotions，he will certainly like it a lot. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要分析了人們笑的原因。 1．What did the author find out after studying psychology? A．Only good jokes make people laugh. B．Many factors lead to people’s laughing. C．Funny things can make people laugh. D．Laughter can make people healthy. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知，作者在學(xué)了心理學(xué)之后發(fā)現(xiàn)，笑不僅僅是因?yàn)槭虑楹眯?，還有很多其他的心理因素的促成和影響，故選B。 2．Why did the audience laugh loud at the pedestrians? A．They played a trick on the pedestrians. B．The pedestrians behaved in a funny way. C．They could feel the pedestrians’ happiness. D．Their emotion was approved of by the show. D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可推知，人們對行人的行為大笑的原因是他們在心理上產(chǎn)生了共鳴，故選D。 3．What does the underlined word“belittling”probably mean? A．Annoy. B．Blame. C．Look down on. D．Make up to. C　解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句可推知，動(dòng)詞belittle 和短語make fun of是近義詞，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，應(yīng)選C。annoy“使惱怒”；blame“責(zé)怪”；look down on“蔑視，瞧不起”；make up to “接近，奉承，補(bǔ)足”。 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? B　解析：推理判斷題。結(jié)合全文可知，第一段導(dǎo)入話題；第二、三段通過具體事例進(jìn)行分析；根據(jù)文章最后一段的開頭“In short”可知，最后一段屬于總結(jié)。由此可知，本文屬于總——分——總的結(jié)構(gòu)，符合本文結(jié)構(gòu)的圖表是B選項(xiàng)。 ***語法填空。 Also__1__(know) as “paper paintings” and “painted pictures”， New Year paintings are __2__ unique art form in Chinese folk culture. The paintings are called “New Year paintings” because they are __3__(most) posted during the Chinese New Year holiday __4__decoration and they are also a symbol of New Years greetings. New Year paintings __5__(appear) around the Tang dynasty, replacing the previous door pictures __6__(feature) the gods believed to be able to protect the residents and drive away ghosts. In the Song dynasty, New Year paintings were created on a large scale. With the advancement of printing technology, the content and forms of New Year paintings became __7__(diversity). The development of the paintings matured in the Ming and Qing dynasties, __8__the art hit its heyday (全盛期)． Traditional printing __9__(method) of New Year paintings include woodblock printing, stoneblock printing, offset (膠印) printing, traditional Chinese painting, watercolor painting and sketches etc. Woodblock printed New Year paintings __10__(be) the most popular and interesting ones. 1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________ 　6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了中國的傳統(tǒng)文化藝術(shù)之一——年畫的用途、起源和分類。 1．known　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分句間無連詞且已有謂語動(dòng)詞are，故此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞。be known as “作為……而知名”，故填known，為過去分詞在句中作狀語。 2．a(chǎn)　考查冠詞。年畫是中國民間文化中的一種獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)形式。此處表示泛指，故填不定冠詞，且unique的發(fā)音不是以元音音素開頭的，故用a。 3．mostly 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。因?yàn)樗鼈兺ǔ６荚诖汗?jié)期間被張貼，作為裝飾畫。修飾謂語動(dòng)詞用副詞。mostly “通常，多半，大部 分”。 4．for 考查介詞。此處表示目的，故用介詞for。 5．a(chǎn)ppeared 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。年畫大約起源于唐代，表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故使用一般過去時(shí)。 6．featuring 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處表述代替先前的以神為特色的門畫。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作定語修飾door pictures。door pictures與feature之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故填動(dòng)詞的－ing形式作定語，feature在此是動(dòng)詞，意為“以……為特色”。 7．diverse 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。本句為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作表語應(yīng)用形容詞。diverse “多種多樣的”。 8．when 考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。年畫在明清時(shí)期走向成熟，達(dá)到鼎盛。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，且從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語，故填when。 9．methods 考查名詞的數(shù)。從后文可知，年畫的制作工藝有很多種，故填method的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 10．a(chǎn)re 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。木版年畫最為盛行，也最有趣。由主語paintings可知，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)。且此處是對客觀情況的陳述，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 ***完形填空。 Life is full of miracles. They surroundus every day. One of these miracles _1__ me recently. I was filling my car at a gas station. Not sleeping well the night before, I felt __2__. After paying for the gas I turned my car towards the main road. I looked right and left then my brain sent the __3__ for my foot to push on the gas pedal but nothing happened. __4__, I shook my head to __5__ it and gazed down at my foot. Just as I did, __6__, a semitruck roared past my car doing 60 mph. When I had looked just two seconds __7__, my weary eyes hadnt seen it. If I had been driving onto the road when I should have been my car would have been __8__ and I would have most likely been killed. I sat there for a long time quietly thanking God for __9__ my life before __10__ on the road and heading home. This time both my brain and foot worked __11__. As I looked back on that moment later I still couldnt understand it. Did God __12__ my brains signal from __13__ my foot? Did an angel grab my toes to keep them from __14__ on the gas? One question kept ing back into my mind as well: why did I get this miracle? Finally, I felt the answer __15__ deep within my heart and mind. I heard the __16__ing from my soul saying: “You still have more to do. Your work is not done yet！” Richard Bach wrote: “Here is the __17__ to find if your mission on Earth is finished: if you are alive it isnt.” __18__ up each day then knowing that your mission isnt done yet. You have more love to __19__, more people to help, more kindness to give. You have one more day to be the miracle God __20__ for you to be. 語篇解讀：作者在剛加完油準(zhǔn)備駛?cè)胫髀窌r(shí)，由于前一天睡眠不好，腦子和腳不協(xié)調(diào)沒有踩加速油門，這個(gè)遲鈍的動(dòng)作讓他躲過了卡車，救了他一命。作者由此感謝上蒼給了他眷顧，認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)奇跡。 1. A. refers to B. appears to C. occurs to D. es across 【答案】C 2. A. disturbed B. tired C. annoyed D. refreshed 【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)上文。上句話說“我”前一天晚上沒有睡好覺，因此應(yīng)該感到疲憊。A. disturbed 感到不安的；B. tired疲倦的；C. annoyed惱怒的；D. refreshed恢復(fù)了的，振作的。 3. A. symbol B. order C. message D. signal 【答案】D 【解析】根據(jù)句意，此處意思應(yīng)該是“大腦發(fā)出信號讓腳踩油門”。A. symbol象征；標(biāo)志； B. order命令；秩序；C. message信息，消息；D. signal信號，暗號。 4. A. Discouraged B. Embarrassed C. Disappointed D. Puzzled 【答案】D 【解析】根據(jù)上文選擇。上一句話意思是“大腦發(fā)出信號讓腳踩油門，但什么事情都沒有發(fā)生?！币虼舜颂帯拔摇睉?yīng)該感到困惑并向下看。A. Discouraged泄氣的；B. Embarrassed尷尬的，局促不安的，為難的；C. Disappointed失望的，沮喪的；D. Puzzled困惑的，糊涂的。 5. A. clean B. clear C. inspire D. remove 【答案】B 6. A. instead B. though C. therefore D. besides 【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)詞意辨析。A. instead代替，而不是；B. though 雖然，盡管，或用于句末補(bǔ)充說明，表示不過、可是；C. therefore因此，所以；D. besides 除……之外(還)，況且。 “可是，正當(dāng)我低頭看的時(shí)候，一輛卡車呼嘯而過?！? 7. A. earlier B. later C. faster D. slower 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)上下文，此句句意是“兩秒前，我還用疲憊的雙眼，視線模糊的看了，并沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)這一情況?！敝挥羞xA .earlier使句子通順，故選A。 8. A. damaged B. crashed C. scratched D. stuck 【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)上下文此句句意指：“但凡當(dāng)時(shí)我的車駛上主路一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，那現(xiàn)在我的小車肯定被撞了個(gè)稀巴爛，我也已經(jīng)很可能一命嗚呼了?！盇. damaged被損壞的；B. crashed撞毀的；C. scratched抓傷的；D. stuck動(dòng)不了的，被卡住的。 9. A. sparing B. taking C. rescuing D. claiming 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)上下文，此處句意應(yīng)是“我感謝上帝饒了我一命”。A. sparing饒恕、赦免的。spare one’s life饒某人一命；B. taking帶走，拿走；C. rescuing營救、救援；D. claiming奪去(某人的命)。 10. A. picking up B. breaking down C. pulling out D. setting sail 【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù)上下文，上文中講到“我加完了油，正要駛向主路”，所以本句句意是“在駛向主路之前祈禱”。A. picking up 改善，重新開始；B. breaking down出故障。失??；C. pulling out駛向路邊；D. setting sail 起航。 11. A. passively B. poorly C. perfectly D. curiously 【答案】C 【解析】A. passively 被動(dòng)地，順從地；B. poorly 窮困地，差勁地；C. perfectly完美地，理想地；D. curiously .好奇地。根據(jù)詞意可知，只有選C使句意通順，表示“這次我的大腦和腳配合默契”。 12. A. protect B. prevent C. defend D. differ 【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)上文可知，這句話是作者感嘆“難道是上帝阻止了大腦的信號傳到腳上”，從而我沒有踩下油門，沒有遭遇事故。prevent sb/sth (from doing sth)阻止、阻礙，故選B。 13. A. attacking B. lifting C. touching D. reaching 【答案】D 14. A. pressing B. depending C. putting D. focusing 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“難道是有天使拉住了我的腳不讓它踩油門？”只有press有壓、壓迫的意思，故選A。 15. A. forming B. resulting C. disappearing D. surviving 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)句意，“我感覺到答案從內(nèi)心深處浮現(xiàn)”。A. forming(使)形成 B. resulting (from sth)(因……)發(fā)生；C. disappearing不見，消失；D. surviving幸存，活下來。 16. A. words B. mands C. suggestions D. expectations 【答案】A 【解析】A. words 話，諾言；B. mands命令；C. suggestions建議；D. expectations期望的事情。根據(jù)詞意，應(yīng)選A，表示“我聽到靈魂在說話”。 17. A. solution B. advice C. test D. belief 【答案】C 【解析】此句句意指“有個(gè)方法可以檢驗(yàn)?zāi)阍谑郎系娜蝿?wù)有沒有完成，只要你還活著，那就說明還沒有。”，只有選C. test符合句意。 18. A. Wake B. Stay C. Hurry D. Cheer 【答案】A 【解析】A. Wake up醒來；B. Stay up熬夜；C. Hurry up 快一點(diǎn)；D. Cheer up 振作起來。參看上題解析。表達(dá)“每一天醒來，你就知道你的任務(wù)還沒有完成”，故選A。 19. A. share B. gather C. donate D. preserve.. 【答案】A 【解析】A. share分享，分配；B. gather收集，聚集；C. donate捐贈；D. preserve保護(hù)，保持。根據(jù)上下文，此處選share 表示“跟人們分享更多的愛，即你要更博愛”最能符合句意，故選A。你要更博愛、施助、仁慈。 20. A. applied B. pensated C. meant D. allowed 【答案】C ***短文改錯(cuò)。 Dear Tom， Im Li Hua, a student of Rongguang Middle School. I learned quite by chance what you needed a book to improve your Chinese. I happen to have it, which I think might help you. The book, entitle New Practical Chinese, is intended for beginners at your level. Not only it include the basic conversations in our daily life, but it is also the window through which you can get to know Chinese culture and customs. Edited by three language experts, it is wide used by many foreign learner. If it is convenient for you, lets meet at the entrance to Jiangnan Park at 3 pm on this Sunday. If so, try to find other time that is suitable for both of us. Yours， Li Hua 答案： Dear Tom， Im Li Hua, a student of Rongguang Middle School. I learned quite by chance you needed a book to improve your Chinese. I happen to have ， which I think might help you. The book, New Practical Chinese, is intended for beginners at your level. Not only it include the basic conversations in our daily life, but it is also window through which you can get to know Chinese culture and customs. Edited by three language experts, it is used by many foreign . If it is convenient for you, lets meet at the entrance to Jiangnan Park at 3 pm this Sunday. If ， try to find time that is suitable for both of us. Yours， Li Hua 難項(xiàng)分析： 第一處：what→that考查名詞性從句的連接詞。賓語從句成分和意義完整，故用that引導(dǎo)。 第二處：it→one考查代詞。此處指代前文提到的a book，表示泛指概念，屬同類指代，因此用one；it指同一個(gè)物品。 第四處：only后加does考查倒裝句。not only放在句首時(shí)，其后分句使用部分倒裝。文章基本時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故需要not only后添加助動(dòng)詞does構(gòu)成部分倒裝。 ***