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Understanding each other 一、閱讀理解。 Flaubert had it that “one way of tolerating existence is to lose oneself in literature as in an unending party”．It turns out that reading doesnt only help us to tolerate existence，but actually lengthens it. A recent study by Yale University researchers，published online in the journal Social Science & Medicine，concluded that “book readers experienced a 20 percent reduction in the risk of death over the 12 years of followup pared to nonreaders”． The data was obtained from the study sponsored by the National Institute on Aging.The study looked at 3,635 subjects，all older than 50，whom the researchers divided into three groups：those who didnt read books，those who read up to 3.5 hours a week and those who read more than 3.5 hours a week. The findings were remarkable：on average，book readers survived almost two years longer than those who didnt crack open a book.The more the subjects read，the longer they lived，but as little as 30 minutes a day was still beneficial in terms of survival. Accounting for factors such as education level，ine and health status，the study found that those who read more than 3.5 hours weekly were 23 percent less likely to die during that 12year period.Those who read up to 3.5 hours—an average of a half hour a day—were 17 percent less likely. “In other words，just like a healthy diet and exercise，books appear to promote a significant survival advantage，” the authors concluded. Why or how thats_the_case remains unclear；the research showed only an association between book reading and longevity，not a causal relationship.But the findings are not so surprising.Other recent research showed that reading novels appears to increase both brain connectivity and sympathy. 1．Why does the author mention Flauberts words in the first paragraph? A．To stress the value of reading. B．To pare reading with a party. C．To introduce the study on reading. D．To support the findings of the study. 2．From the text，what can we learn about the study? A．No similar study on reading has been carried out. B．The process of the study lasted more than ten years. C．It shows readers live two years longer than nonreaders. D．It shows time spent on reading increases ones love for it. 3．What do the underlined words“thats the case”probably mean? A．Reading books enables people to live longer. B．Reading is similar to a healthy diet and exercise. C．Reading books is closely associated with longevity. D．Reading increases brain connectivity and sympathy. 4．Where can we most probably read this text? A．s：//.theguardian./lifeandstyle/family. B．s：//.barnesandnoble./b/books/ingsoon. C．s：//.washingtonpost./news/toyourhealth. D．：//.thebookbag.co.uk/Book_Remendations. 【解題導(dǎo)語】研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，閱讀和長壽有一定的聯(lián)系，閱讀者的平均壽命比不讀書的人長將近兩歲。 【難句分析】The study looked at 3 , 635 subjects，all older than 50，whom the researchers divided into three groups：those who didnt read books，those who read up to 3.5 hours a week and those who read more than 3.5 hours a week. 分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中whom the researchers divided into three groups為whom引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句；who didnt read books以及who read up to 3.5 hours a week和who read more than 3.5 hours a week都為who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞those。 譯文：這項研究調(diào)查了3 635名年齡超過50歲的實驗對象，研究人員將他們分為三組：從來不讀書的人，每周閱讀3.5小時的人，每周閱讀超過3.5小時的人。 1．C　考查推理判斷。文章第一段引用福樓拜的名言說明讀書的作用，接著第二段介紹了耶魯大學(xué)關(guān)于讀書與死亡風(fēng)險之間關(guān)系的研究。據(jù)此可以判斷，引用福樓拜的名言旨在介紹對閱讀的作用的研究，故C項正確。 2．B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段最后一句中的“book readers experienced a 20 percent reduction in the risk of death over the 12 years of followup pared to nonreaders”可知，在12年的跟蹤調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn)，與不讀書的人相比，閱讀者的死亡風(fēng)險降低了20%。據(jù)此可知，該項調(diào)查持續(xù)了十多年，故B項正確。A項文中沒有提及；C項錯在two years longer than nonreaders，與第四段的第一句“The findings were remarkable：on average，book readers survived almost two years longer than those who didnt crack open a book”中的almost表述不符；D項文中沒有提及。 3．A　考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)上文中的“books appear to promote a significant survival advantage”及上文所述的研究結(jié)論“讀書可以延長壽命”和該句“Why or how thats_the_case remains unclear；the research showed only an association between book reading and longevity，not a causal relationship”可知，閱讀為什么以及以什么方式延長讀者壽命，人們?nèi)匀徊磺宄?jù)此可知，畫線詞指代研究表明的“讀書可以延長壽命”，故A項正確。 4．C　考查文章出處。通讀全文可知，本文主要說明了閱讀和長壽有一定的聯(lián)系，閱讀者的平均壽命比不讀書的人長將近兩歲，閱讀能增強(qiáng)大腦的功能。據(jù)此可以判斷，本文屬于健康話題，因此最可能摘自健康網(wǎng)站，故C項正確。根據(jù)A項s：//.theguardian./lifeandstyle/family可知，該網(wǎng)站介紹家庭生活方式；根據(jù)B項s：//.barnesandnoble. /b/books/ingsoon可知，該網(wǎng)站介紹即將出版的新書；根據(jù)D項：//.thebookbag.co.uk/Book_Remendations可知，該網(wǎng)站主要推薦書籍。 二、單項選擇。 1.—I’m afraid I can’t go to the cinema with you. I’ve got a bad headache. —Oh, I am sorry. _______ take a couple of aspirins and lie down for a bit? You’ll be all right in half an hour. A. Why won’t you B. Why didn’t you C. Why don’t you D. Why you not 【答案】C 【解析】Why don’t you 表示建議。句意： “我恐怕不能和你一起去看電影啦！我頭疼得很厲害。 ” “呵，對不起??！那你為什么不服用兩片阿司匹林躺會兒呢？半小時后你就會好的。 ” 2.If you have let yourself go, you should consider _______ something about it for the sake of your health.And I consider the advice of mine _______ you. A. to do, to benefit B. to have done, benefiting C. doing, to benefit D. doing, benefiting 【答案】C 【解析】第一個 consider 作“考慮”解，后面應(yīng)該跟動名詞做賓語。第二個 consider 作“認(rèn)為”解，后面應(yīng)該跟不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語。句意：你以前要是對自己不管不顧，你現(xiàn)在就應(yīng)該為了自己的健康而考慮一下做些什么了。我認(rèn)為我的這條建議對你是有益處的。 3.He’s _______ is known as a “bellyacher” . He’s always plaining about some thing. A. who B. whom C. what D. which 【答案】C 【解析】what is known as 意思是“大家所熟悉的，所謂的” 。what is known as a “bellyacher”在句中作表語，用于說明 he 的身份、職業(yè)等。句意：他是那種大家所熟悉的牢騷滿腹的人總是怨這怨那。 4._______ here yesterday, he could have seen Jackie Chen. A. If Bob has e B. If Bob came C. Had Bob e D. If Bob should e 【答案】C 【解析】句意：要是鮑勃昨天在這兒，他可能會看到成龍。根據(jù)時間狀語 yesterday 可知是對過去事實的假設(shè)，故用過去完成式，用 If Bob had e...，省略為 Had Bob e。 5.—Why didn’t Tom give you one of his stamps? —I didn’t want one, he would have given me one if I _______. A. did B. Would C. will D. had 【答案】D 【解析】根據(jù) would have given 可推測本句表示對過去的虛擬， 所以 if 從句中應(yīng)使用過去完成時(had done)， if I had 是 if I had wanted one 的省略形式。 6.If Susan _______ for ten more minutes at the party last night, she might have met Johnny Depp, the famous Hollywood star. A. stayed B. would stay C. had stayed D. would have stayed 【答案】C 【解析】句意：如果昨天晚上 Susan 在聚會上多停留十分鐘，她可能就遇見了好萊塢著名的明星，Johnny Depp。此處是 if 引導(dǎo)的非真實條件句，與過去事實相反，所以條件句用過去完成時態(tài)。 7.Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she _______ there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. A. lives B. would live C. has lived D. were to live 【答案】D 【解析】由 doesn’t want to move to New York 可知 Grace 還沒有去紐約，所以句子應(yīng)該是對將來的虛擬。對將來的虛擬 if 條件狀語從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)有三種形式：were to do /should do/did(were)，由此可知答案為 D 選項 were to live。句意：格瑞斯不想移居到紐約，因為她認(rèn)為如果住到那兒的話，她就不能夠經(jīng)?？吹剿母改噶?。 8.Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _______ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have had B. had had C. have D. had 【答案】D 【解析】根據(jù)上下文可知，這是對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬，if 從句用過去式，主句用 would+原形。句意：對不起，我現(xiàn)在太忙了。要是有時間的話，我肯定會和你一起去郊游的。 9.Were it not for the debt, we _______ a happy life. A. are living B. would live C. were living D. will live 【答案】B 【解析】省略 if 連接詞的條件狀語從句，因此助動詞 were 提前放在句首。根據(jù) were 可以判斷這個句子是對現(xiàn)在情況進(jìn)行假設(shè)的虛擬句，因此主句用“would+動詞原形” 。故選 B。句意：要不是負(fù)債的話，我們(現(xiàn)在)會過著幸福生活的。 10.If you _______ the failed experiences, you would not have made such a mistake in your homework. A. refer to B. have referred to C. referred to D. had referred to 【答案】D 【解析】表示假設(shè)的虛擬語氣，用在對過去事實相反的假定上，從句用過去完成時 had+過去分詞，主句用would/should/might/could+have+過去分詞。refer to 是一個固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意思為查閱、參考。該句意思為：如果你參考一下這些失敗經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)的話，你就不會在你的作業(yè)中犯下如此的錯誤。 11.After arriving in New York, the Chinese college student found it rather hard to _______ living on his own. A. rely on B. bring up C. depend on D. adjust to 【答案】D 【解析】句意：到達(dá)紐約后這個中國大學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)他獨自一個人生活很難適應(yīng)。adjust to 適應(yīng)；rely on 依靠；撫養(yǎng)，撫育；depend on 依靠，以……而定。 12.The project manager as well as his team members hasn’t been _______ to us so far, which undoubtedly puts us at a disadvantage. A. popular B. consistent C. similar D. familiar 【答案】D 【解析】familiar 熟悉的；popular 流行的，受歡迎的；consistent 一致的；similar 類似的，相似的。句意： 到目前為止那個項目經(jīng)理和他團(tuán)隊的成員都不為我們所了解，這毫無疑問讓我們處于劣勢。 13.Japan is facing an aging population, with the population _______ from the current 127 million to 90 million. A. expecting to shrink B. expected to shrink C. expecting to have shrunk D. expected to have shrunk 【答案】B 【解析】“expect”與“the population”存在邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞；人口的縮減是將來的事，故用動詞不定式。句意：日本正面臨人口老齡化的問題，預(yù)計人口從目前的 1.27 億縮減至 9 千萬。 14.Effective management and sincere apology will help to _______ the customers’ negative impression on the travel agency. A. bring about B. turn around C. account for D. set off 【答案】B 【解析】bring about 造成，引起，導(dǎo)致；turn around(使)好轉(zhuǎn)；account for 說明(原因、理由等)，導(dǎo)致，引起；set off 出發(fā)，(使)開始，引起，點燃。句意：改變意見有效的管理和真誠的道歉有助于扭轉(zhuǎn)客戶對旅行社的負(fù)面印象。 15.Our daughter doesn’t know what to _______ at the university; she can’t make up her mind about her future. A. take in B. take over C. take up D. take on 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我們的女兒不知道在大學(xué)里該做什么，對于她的未來她還沒有想好。take in 欺騙； 接受；理解； 吸收；take over 接任，接管； take up 開始從事；占據(jù)；take on 呈現(xiàn)，根據(jù)句意可知 C 項正確。 三、完形填空。 The day before Christmas I pulled into a store parking lot and counted my money again. It wasn’t much. I　1　 being poor, not having enough to 　2　 my little children a few simple toys. As I was 　3　 I noticed the Salvation Army (救世軍) bell ringer at the 　4　. I felt bad again because I didn’t feel I could 　5　 anything to give him. I started walking towards the entrance 　6　 two cars entered empty parking spaces in front of me. The first was a 　7　, new Cadillac which became the 　8　 of me the moment I saw it. “How 　9　”I thought, “would it be to have enough money to buy a car like that! ” The second car, 　10　, was an ancient car shabbier than the one I was driving. A man got out of the Cadillac and hurried into the store　11　 past the bell ringer without a second 　12　. Out of the old car came a young mother with three little children following 　13　 behind her. Her clothes looked as 　14　 as her car, yet she stopped at the entrance and 　15　 a bill. In that second a(n)　16　 touched me, my envy and dislike 　17　 me, and all the love and joy filled me. I fished a bill out of my own purse, 　18　 it in the Salvation Army kettle, and wished the 　19　 a “Merry Christmas! ” Now I felt I was a poor man but rich on the　20　. After finding a few things for my kids, I drove home with my heart singing. 【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文, 講述了作者在去商店購物的時候看到的一幕對作者震撼很大, 這讓作者領(lǐng)悟到貧窮并不可怕, 內(nèi)心富有才更重要。 1. A. regretted　 B. permitted 　C. escaped　 D. hated 【解析】選D。我討厭貧窮。hate 討厭, 痛恨。 2. A. make B. buy C. award D. lend 【解析】選B。沒有足夠的錢給我的孩子們買一些簡單的玩具。buy 買。 3. A. pulling out B. settling in C. getting out D. cutting in 【解析】選C。這里指的是我從商店停車場出來。pull out 拉出; settle in 定居; get out 出來; cut in 插話, 插入。 4. A. parking space B. entrance C. parking lot D. counter 【解析】選B。這里指的是從商店的停車場出來去往商店的入口。at the entrance 在……入口。 5. A. spare B. split C. spend D. save 【解析】選A。我不能抽出任何東西給他。spare 分讓。 6. A. when B. since C. though D. if 【解析】選A。我開始朝商店的入口走, 這時有兩輛車停在了我前面的空車位。這里表示同時發(fā)生。though盡管; since 因為; when 一……就……; if 如果。故選A。 7. A. sharp B. dull C. pure D. shiny 【解析】選D。由后文的凱迪拉克可知, 這里應(yīng)該是耀眼的。sharp 尖銳的; dull遲鈍的; pure純潔的; shiny閃亮的。 8. A. target B. item C. envy D. bargain 【解析】選C。根據(jù)上下文, 我第一眼看到很是羨慕。target 目標(biāo); item 物品, 東西; envy 羨慕, 忌妒; bargain討價還價。 9. A. nice B. precious C. rare D. expensive 【解析】選A。如果有錢買一輛這樣的車該多好(nice)。nice 好的; precious 珍貴的; rare稀有的; expensive昂貴的。 10. A. therefore B. however C. anyhow D. besides 【解析】選B。本句話跟上一句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系, 然而(however)第二輛車比我開的還要破舊, 古老。therefore 因此; however然而; anyhow 不管怎樣; besides除此之外。 11. A. merely B. seldom C. hopefully D. right 【解析】選D。一個從凱迪拉克出來的人正好匆忙地從敲鐘人身邊走過。 merely 僅僅; seldom 很少; hopefully 希望地; right正好。 12. A. smile B. nod C. glance D. wave 【解析】選C。這里指的是: 都沒有瞥一眼, 表示沒有看一下敲鐘人。 13. A. firmly B. closely C. casually D. bravely 【解析】選B。從破舊的車上下來的年輕婦女帶著三個孩子, 三個孩子緊跟在她的后面。firmly堅定地; closely 緊緊地; casually 偶然地; bravely勇敢地。 14. A. worn out B. cast down C. tired out D. broken down 【解析】選A。她的衣服和她的車一樣破舊。wear out穿破; cast down扔掉; tire out 筋疲力盡; break down拋錨, 出故障。 15. A. paid B. passed C. donated D. rejected 【解析】選C。她停在了入口, 捐贈了(那個敲鐘人)一些錢。pay支付; pass傳遞; donate捐贈; reject拒絕。 16. A. equality B. sympathy C. approval D. warmth 【解析】選D。這里的意思是: 就在那一刻, 我感覺到了溫暖。equality平等; sympathy同情; approval支持; warmth溫暖。 17. A. left B. visited C. reached D. missed 【解析】選A。我沒有了羨慕和討厭, 意思是指羨慕和討厭離開了我。 leave 離開; visit 參觀; reach 到達(dá); miss錯過。 18. A. took B. handed C. dropped D. started 【解析】選C。我從錢包里拿出了錢, 投在他的盒子里。take拿; hand 遞給; drop投, 擲; start開始。 19. A. salesman B. bell ringer C. woman D. man driver 【解析】選B。這里是指祝福敲鐘人圣誕快樂。 20. A. wealth B. luck C. inside D. outside 【解析】選C。我現(xiàn)在雖然感覺貧窮, 但是內(nèi)心(inside)富有。wealth財富; luck 運(yùn)氣; inside內(nèi)心; outside外面。 四、七選五。 When apologizing, chances are that you’ve uttered the phrase, “I never meant to hurt you.” 1. In a talk, Caroline Myss, a spiritual seeker and researcher, took on the topic of forgiveness and healing. She explained why “I never meant to hurt you” is never a sufficient apology, no matter who it es from. “Picture that person ing up to you and saying, ‘I’m sorry I did this. 2. And can we just call it a day？’” Caroline says. As tempting as it can be to move on and bury the hatchet(和解), that type of apology won’t sit well with the person on the receiving end. “That whole little thing—‘I never meant to hurt you’—is the thing you can’t forgive，” she says. “That sick feeling goes right to your soul.” Instead, Caroline says it’s important to approach the conversation differently. Ultimately, it’s about offering more than an apology. 3. “Let’s redo the scene，” Caroline says.“The person es up to you and says, ‘I need to tell you something. 4. It was guilt. I heard my conscience tell me not to do this but I didn’t listen. And I now know that my actions redirected the course of your life. This is not an apology. I am confessing(懺悔) my soul to you. 5. ’ ”Even saying those words on stages makes Caroline visibly emotional, and she points out that this is how deeply within the soul apologies are supposed to resonate. And that’s what heals. A．Here is my apology. B．But it doesn’t matter to you. C．I’m asking now for your forgiveness. D．I consciously knew what I was doing. E．But you know I never meant to hurt you. F．It’s about sharing a soultosoul confession. G．However, it’s not a suitable way to apologize. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文援引了Caroline Myss的話向讀者闡明了用“我從沒想過要傷害你”來道歉是不夠的。 1．G　解析：根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容尤其是“She explained why ‘I never meant to hurt you’ is never a sufficient apology, no matter who it es from.”可知，此處講的應(yīng)是用“我從沒想過要傷害你”這句話來道歉的不足，故G項“但是，這并不是一種合適的道歉的方法”符合語境。 2．E　解析：根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知，此處是Caroline Myss讓大家想象一下有人用“我從沒想過要傷害你”來向你道歉時的情景，故E項符合題意。 3．F　解析：根據(jù)上文的“it’s about offering more than an apology”以及下文的“This is not an apology. I am confessing(懺悔) my soul to you.”可知F項與之相呼應(yīng)，表示道歉應(yīng)該是心靈對心靈的懺悔。下文中的“within the soul”亦是提示。故選F。 4．D　解析：根據(jù)空后的“It was guilt. I heard my conscience tell me not to do this but I didn’t listen.”可知，此處講的應(yīng)該是當(dāng)時所做的錯事方面的內(nèi)容，故D項符合語境。 5．C　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“As tempting as it can be to move on and bury the hatchet(和解)．..”可知，向別人道歉的目的是獲得別人的諒解，故C項符合語境。