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What is happiness to you 一、閱讀理解。 According to a historian，uniforms were introduced into the United States around 1979 to deal with the problems of violence among students.Statistical reports state that only 15% of primary schools and around 10% of secondary schools in the United States have strictly carried out the uniform policy. In recent times it has bee the most debated topic among parents and educators，with many critics stating the fact that wearing uniforms has no effect on the thought process of a student nor does it considerably reduce inequality among the masses.Students are instructed to follow certain rules：for boys，pants，shirts with turtlenecks，sweaters and jackets are acceptable，while in some schools，shorts are strictly forbidden；similarly，for girls，long skirts，blouses，pants and flatheeled shoes are acceptable. School uniforms in other countries such as Thailand，Indonesia，India and Pakistan were introduced during the British colonial period.In these countries，girls in senior schools usually wear broad trousers and boys wear pants and shirts.In preschool though，girls wear skirts and blouses and boys wear short pants and shirts.In other parts like New Zealand and Australia where the British colonial rule was in effect，the uniform system was followed in the public school system.The dress sense closely resembled that of the English students. The purpose of a school uniform is to promote team spirit，discipline and increase equality among all students.Though uniforms have intended to wipe out the discrimination in the weaker section，critics have a different story to say.According to them，uniforms have no such great effect on students.This standardized dress has not helped students remove any barriers and is adding costs to the parents. In many countries，though students wearing uniforms has produced some positive results，in the United States，the implementation(實(shí)施)requires a lot of efforts before we can achieve full success. 1．What does the underlined word “masses” in the second paragraph refer to? A．Schools. B．Parents. C．Students. D．Teachers. 2．What can we know about the uniform system in Australia according to Paragraph 3? A．The uniform system in the public school follows Britain. B．The Australian students dress more casually. C．The uniform system is the same as that in New Zealand. D．Most Australian students wear school uniforms. 3．Whats the intention of school uniforms at first? A．To encourage students to be more diligent. B．To improve students academic achievement. C．To prevent students fighting with each other. D．To promote the equality among students. 4．Whats the attitude of the critics towards school uniforms? A．Supportive. B．Neutral. C．Negative. D．Factual. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文，通過(guò)介紹美國(guó)目前校服的普及情況，討論了校服的作用，最后指出在某些國(guó)家，如美國(guó)，校服制度的實(shí)施還需要努力。 【難句分析】In other parts like New Zealand and Australia where the British colonial rule was in effect，the uniform system was followed in the public school system. 分析：本句是復(fù)合句，其中包含了where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，主句運(yùn)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 譯文：在其他地區(qū)，像英國(guó)實(shí)行過(guò)殖民統(tǒng)治的規(guī)則(仍然)有效的新西蘭和澳大利亞，公立學(xué)校的校服制度仿效英國(guó)的校服制度。 1．C　考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)該詞上文的“that wearing uniforms has no effect on the thought process of a student”和下文的“Students are...rules”可知此處指的是學(xué)生。 2．A　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“In other parts like New Zealand and Australia where the British colonial rule was in effect，the uniform system was followed in the public school system”可知，澳大利亞的公立學(xué)校的校服制度是仿效英國(guó)的。 3．C　考查推理判斷。從文章第一段中的“According to a historian，uniforms were introduced into the United States around 1979 to deal with the problems of violence among students”可知，穿校服最初的目的是防止學(xué)生之間打架。 4．C　考查觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Though uniforms have intended to wipe out the discrimination in the weaker section，critics have a different story to say.According to them，uniforms have no such great effect on students”可知評(píng)論家們對(duì)于校服的態(tài)度是消極的。 二、單項(xiàng)選擇。 1.You’d better take a pen when you go to the meeting _______ there is something important to write down. A. as if B so as to C in order to D. in case 【答案】D。 【解析】BC 選項(xiàng)后接動(dòng)詞原形，故排除。as if 引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，in case 意為“以防”可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：去開會(huì)時(shí)你最好帶上鋼筆，以防有什么重要的東西可以記下來(lái)。 2.By the time scientists _______ the fundamental structure of dark matter, Im sure that man _______ amazing advances in science. A. figure out, has made B. will figure out, will make C. figure out, will have made D. will figure out, will be making 【答案】C 【解析】句意：到科學(xué)家們弄清楚暗物質(zhì)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，我肯定人類將已經(jīng)在科學(xué)上取得了驚人的進(jìn)步。by 表示“到……為止”引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常與完成時(shí)連用，主句的謂語(yǔ)用將來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。 23.—Sharon, why is the man so upset now? —His wallet, mobile phone and ID card _______, the police are investigating and will send him to a social assistance station. A. was stolen B. stolen C. being stolen D. having stolen 【答案】B 【解析】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。邏輯主語(yǔ)“His wallet, mobile phone and ID card”與動(dòng)詞“steal”存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。句意： “莎倫，那人現(xiàn)在為何那么郁悶？” “他的錢包、手機(jī)以及身份證被盜。警方正在調(diào)查并會(huì)把他送到一家社會(huì)救助站去。 ” 4._______ before bed, cellphones can result in a restless night. A. To use B. Using C. Used D. Having used 【答案】C 【解析】句意：睡前使用手機(jī)，會(huì)導(dǎo)致睡眠質(zhì)量下降。cellphones 與 use 是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即使用手機(jī)，應(yīng)該用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)，排除 A、B、D，本句可改寫為：If cellphones are used before bed, they can result in a restless night.。 25.The parents do everything we can _______ their daughter with good education, so that she will get a good job in the future. A. provide B. providing C. provided D. to provide 【答案】D 【解析】句意：那對(duì)父母做了他們能做的一切為他們的女兒提供良好的教育，為了她以后能得到一份好工作。原句應(yīng)為：The parents do everything we can do to provide their daughter with good education.所以選 D。 6.As China’s villages meet modernity, with such conveniences as the flushing toilet, the Internet and personal car ownership, some traditions are being left by the wayside, only _______ in memory. A. remained B. remaining C. to be remained D. being remained 【答案】B 【解析】句意：隨著中國(guó)農(nóng)村步入現(xiàn)代化，沖水馬桶、網(wǎng)絡(luò)和私家車等便利到來(lái)，一些傳統(tǒng)留在人們的記憶里。現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示自然而然的結(jié)果，remain 一詞表示“遺留”時(shí)為系動(dòng)詞，故沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式。 7.—Will you please tell us how you can seize the robbers? —I will spend a whole week _______ in your room to wait for their ing. A. locking B. to lock C. locked D. to be locked 【答案】C 【解析】 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。 根據(jù)句意“把自己關(guān)在你的房間里度過(guò)一周的時(shí)間”， 即 lock myself in yourroom，lock 與主語(yǔ) I 之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示方式。句意： “請(qǐng)問(wèn)告訴我您怎樣才能抓住強(qiáng)盜呢?” “我把自己關(guān)在你房間里一個(gè)禮拜，等待他們的到來(lái)(就抓住他們了)。 ” 8._______ by the sad story of the child, many people offered to lend him a helping hand. A. Being affected B. Having affected C. Affected D. To affect 【答案】C 【解析】許多人因受感動(dòng)而伸出援助之手，故用 affect 的過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)和完成。句意：許多人因受那個(gè)男孩悲慘故事的感動(dòng)，主動(dòng)伸出了援助之手。 9._______ the teenage brain, the expert decided to write a book about how to help teenagers fight against attention problems. A. To explore B. Having explored C. Exploring D. Having been explored 【答案】B 【解析】逗號(hào)后面分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ) expert 與 explore 之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，并且 explore 所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 decided 所表示的動(dòng)作之前，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語(yǔ)。句意：在探究了青少年的大腦之后，這位專家決定要寫一本關(guān)于如何幫助青少年與注意力方面的問(wèn)題作斗爭(zhēng)的書。 10.The storm _______, they had to live in a cave. A. has destroyed their hut B. to destroy their hut C. having destroyed their hut D. being destroyed 【答案】C 【解析】這是分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)句。分詞的完成式表示其動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前， 根據(jù)句意可知，暴風(fēng)雨毀掉草屋在前，故 C 是答案。句意：風(fēng)暴摧毀了他們的茅舍，所以他們不得不住在洞里。 11.Mr Muite refused to talk to them except _______ in the pany of his legal colleagues, therefore the police officers departed A. in terms of B. in pany of C. in favor of D. in view of 【答案】B 【解析】in the pany of 在……陪同下。句意：繆特先生拒絕在沒(méi)有其律師同事陪同的情況下和他們說(shuō)話，于是警察們就離開了。 12.Teddy came to my _______ with a check of $ 200 to pay my room rate, after I told him that my wallet had been stolen. A. attendance B. Assistance C. rescue D. safety 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我告訴特迪我的錢包被偷了后，他帶著 200 美元的支票來(lái)幫我付了房租。e to one’s assistance 為固定搭配， “來(lái)支援(或幫忙)某人” ，符合句意。attendance 出席，到場(chǎng)；rescue 援救，解救；safety 安全。 13.You see the lightning _______ it happens, but you hear the thunder later. A. the instant B. for an instant C. on the instant D. in an instant 【答案】A 【解析】句意：閃電一發(fā)生你就看見(jiàn)閃光，但過(guò)一會(huì)兒才聽到雷聲。instant 瞬間，剎那，比 moment 所指的時(shí)間更短，但用法與 moment 基本一致。the instant 一……就……，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，符合題意。for an instant 一瞬間；on the instant 立即；in an instant 立刻，馬上。 14.I was late this morning because my alarm clock failed to _______. A. turn off B. go after C. go off D. switch off 【答案】C 【解析】 句意： 我今天早晨遲到了， 是因?yàn)槲业聂[鐘沒(méi)響。 turn off 關(guān)掉； go after 追趕， 追求； 謀求； go off(鬧鐘)發(fā)出響聲；switch off 關(guān)掉。 20.I did love my mom very much but it got to a point _______ even she did not want me to see her as she was. A. where B. When C. that D. which 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我確實(shí)非常愛(ài)我媽媽，但是情況發(fā)展到這樣一種程度：她甚至不想讓我看到她以前的樣子。當(dāng)先行詞是 point，case，situation 等時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句多用 where 引導(dǎo)，where 在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。 三、完形填空。 Walking through the park one autumn day, I passed some children selling hot chocolate. One girl, 1 , asked, “Would you like to help 2 our park and playground? It’s only 50 cents a cup.” Of course, I couldn’t resist it, and felt 3 that kids this young had such a(an) 4 in improving their munity. It seems that this group of kids, who were having great fun pouring hot chocolate and feeling 5 that they were helping a local cause, already grasped a fundamental idea about 6 out to help others: It feels great! No matter your age or the size of your gesture, whether it is giving out drinks, baking cookies, 7 toys to underprivileged(貧困的)kids, 8 a pet from a shelter, or giving clothing to homeless people, giving does a heart good. This valuable 9 usually shines brightest around the holidays--a time when we pause to 10 on our good fortune and on those not so 11 . But it’s really an important year-round lesson, and not just because being charitable(仁慈的)is the 12 thing to do. Giving to others helps lessen two major 13 on today’s families. The onslaught(狂轟爛炸)of materialism with its 14 on self-centeredness. From a constant onslaught of 15 —on TV, in the movies, and on puter screens—we are 16 to “need” the next cool gadget(小玩意), pair of sports shoes, or toys. Our children are particularly 17 influenced by advertisers who focus on their desire to fit in, which in turn can lead to a “give me” mindset(心態(tài))early. The over-exposure to bad news, which causes 18 . In the past few years, terrifying images of violence and chaos have been difficult to 19 . These tragic events upset our children and can leave them feeling powerless and sad. We can’t pletely shelter our children from these 20 . But we can bat their influence by teaching our children to give their time and talents to help others—an act that changes the way of the world. 1. A. sighing B. weeping C. smiling D. bargaining 【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù)本空后的“Would you like”可知，這個(gè)小女孩是笑著(smile)問(wèn)“我”的，故C項(xiàng)正確。 2. A. support B. promote C. reply D. trust 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)本空后的“our park and playground”可知，這個(gè)小女孩是笑著問(wèn)“我”是否愿意幫助支持(support)他們的公園和操場(chǎng)的建設(shè)，故A項(xiàng)正確。 3. A. confused B. absorbed C. urged D. impressed 【答案】D 【解析】根據(jù)本空前的“I couldn’t resist it”可知，這個(gè)小女孩的請(qǐng)求讓“我”覺(jué)得印象是深刻的(impressed)，故D項(xiàng)正確。 4. A. interest B. investment C. hatred D. adventure 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)本空后的“in improving their munity. ”可知，讓“我”印象深刻的是這個(gè)小女孩對(duì)改善社區(qū)有如此大的興趣(interest)，故A項(xiàng)正確。 5. A. awful B. desperate C. proud D. doubtful 【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù)本空后的“they were helping a local cause”可知，這些孩子為幫助地方事業(yè)建設(shè)而感到驕傲(proud)，故C項(xiàng)正確。 6. A. blowing B. leaking C. breaking D. reaching 【答案】D 7. A. abandoning B. classifying C. selling D. donating 【答案】D 【解析】根據(jù)本空后的“to underprivileged kids”可知，此處是說(shuō)給貧困兒童捐贈(zèng)(donate)玩具，故D項(xiàng)正確。 8. A. adopting B. adapting C. adjusting D. abusing 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)本空后的“a pet from a shelter”可知，此處是說(shuō)從庇護(hù)所領(lǐng)養(yǎng)(adopt)一個(gè)寵物，故A項(xiàng)正確。 9. A. suggestion B. lesson C. academy D. determination 【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)本空后的“usually shines brightest around the holidays”及下文中“l(fā)esson”的提示可知，這個(gè)寶貴的教訓(xùn)(lesson)在整個(gè)假期閃閃發(fā)光，故B項(xiàng)正確。 10. A. depend B. ment C. feed D. reflect 【答案】D 【解析】根據(jù)本空后的“on our good fortune”可知，此處是說(shuō)我們停下來(lái)思考(reflect on)我們的好運(yùn)，故D 項(xiàng)正確。 11. A. worn-out B. eye-catching C. laid-off D. well-off 【答案】D 【解析】根據(jù)本空前的“good fortune”可知，此處是說(shuō)那些并不富裕的(well-off)人，故D項(xiàng)正確。 12. A. ambiguous B. convenient C. right D. innocent 【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù)本空前的“being charitable”可知，此處是說(shuō)仁慈是正確的(right)事情，故C項(xiàng)正確。 13. A. illnesses B. stresses C. chances D. burdens 【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)本空前的“Giving to others helps lessen”可知，此處是說(shuō)幫助他人緩解生活中的兩大壓力(stress)，故B項(xiàng)正確。 14. A. effect B. emphasis C. advice D. analysis 【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)本空后的“self-centeredness”可知，此處是說(shuō)物質(zhì)主義強(qiáng)調(diào)(emphasis)自我為中心，故B項(xiàng)正確。 15. A. advertising B. peting C. meeting D. negotiating 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)下文中的“advertisers”可知，此處是說(shuō)廣告(advertising)的狂轟濫炸，故A項(xiàng)正確。 16. A. prohibited B. encouraged C. frightened D. threatened 【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)本空后的“to ‘need’ the next cool gadget(小玩意), pair of sports shoes, or toys. ”可知，廣告的狂轟濫炸目的是鼓勵(lì)(encourage)我們買東西，故B項(xiàng)正確。 17. A. easily B. slightly C. increasingly D. indirectly 【答案】A 【解析】上文說(shuō)廣告的狂轟濫炸鼓勵(lì)我們買東西，此處是說(shuō)我們的孩子特別容易(easily)受其影響，故A項(xiàng)正確。 18. A. advance B. embarrassment C. disagreement D. fear 【答案】D 19. A. win B. avoid C. persuade D. defeat 【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)本空后的“These tragic events upset our children and can leave them feeling powerless and sad. ”可知，暴力和臟亂的畫面很難避免(avoid)，故B項(xiàng)正確。 20. A. realities B. requests C. profits D. applications 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)本空后的“But we can bat their influence by teaching our children to give their time and talents to help others”可知，此處是說(shuō)我們雖然不能讓孩子們免受這些現(xiàn)實(shí)(reality)的沖擊，但可以通過(guò)教他們幫助他人來(lái)對(duì)抗這種影響，故A項(xiàng)正確。 四、七選五。 Your first step toward healthy living is to get a handle on your health status right now. Here’s your to－do list： Assess your activity. How much physical activity do you get in a typical week? 1. ？ How much variety do you get in your activity, and how much do you enjoy it? The CDC remends that adults get at least two and a half hours per week of moderate－intensity aerobic activity or one hour and 15 minutes per week of vigorous－intensity aerobic activity, plus muscle－strengthening activity at least two days per week. Keep a food diary. Write down everything you eat for a day—and no fair skipping the items you’re embarrassed about. “2. ，” says Kathianne Sellers Williams, MEd, RD, a nutritionist, wellness coach, and personal trainer with Cafe Physique in Atlanta. “You can’t change what you’re not aware of or don’t acknowledge.” Check your mood and energy. Healthy living includes emotional wellness and adequate rest. How has your mood been lately? 3. ？ Do you usually sleep well for seven to eight hours a night? 4． . How strong are your connections with family and friends? Are you plugged into social or spiritual groups that enrich your life? “People have a fundamental need for positive and lasting relationships，” C．Nathan DeWall, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Kentucky, tells WebMD. If you’re not thrilled with the answers to some of those questions, remember that the point is to figure out where you are today so you can set your healthy living goals. It’s not about being “good” or “bad”， “right” or “wrong”. 5. . A．How intense is that activity B．Consider your social network C．The idea is to write it down without judgment D．It’s time to learn something about the social apps E．It’s OK if you leave out some items in your food diary F．It is the awareness of your own state of health that matters G．Are you experiencing any symptoms of depression or anxiety 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了掌握自身健康狀況的方法。 1．A　解析：根據(jù)該段主題句“Assess your activity.”以及關(guān)鍵詞activity可知A項(xiàng)與此處匹配。A項(xiàng)與“How much physical activity do you get in a typical week？”及“How much variety do you get in your activity, and how much do you enjoy it？”為并列問(wèn)句。 2．C　解析：根據(jù)空前的“Write down everything you eat for a day—and no fair skipping the items you’re embarrassed about.”可知，空處應(yīng)講的是不做評(píng)判地記下一天要吃的食物。所以C項(xiàng)正確。 3．G　解析：空前一句“How has your mood been lately？”中的關(guān)鍵詞mood與G項(xiàng)中的“any symptoms of depression or anxiety”相呼應(yīng)；G項(xiàng)與空后的“Do you usually sleep well for seven to eight hours a night？”為并列問(wèn)句。 4．B　解析：根據(jù)空后的“How strong are your connections with family and friends? Are you plugged into social or spiritual groups that enrich your life？”和“People have a fundamental need for positive and lasting relationships”可知，本段主要講述的是要有社交活動(dòng)，B項(xiàng)中的“social network”與此呼應(yīng)。所以選B。 5．F　解析：根據(jù)空前的“It’s not about being ‘good’or‘bad’，‘right’or‘wrong’．”可知，選F項(xiàng)“意識(shí)到你自身的健康狀況是很重要的”。