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Unit 1　Women of achievement 一、閱讀理解 A Susan Brownell Anthony was a lady ahead of her time. She fought for womens rights long before they became a popular issue. Susan was born on February 15,1820, in Adams, Massachusetts. At that time, women had few rights. They could not own property. Money earned by a married woman belonged to her husband. Major decisions regarding children were made by the fathers. Women could not vote. At the age of 15, Susan became a schoolteacher. She taught for 15 years. Then she began organizing womens groups to promote causes that were important to women. She helped gain better educational rights for women. She helped give married women possession of their earnings. After the Civil War, Susan became very involved in the womens suffrage movement. After years of lecturing, writing, and appealing by Susan and other women, some parts of the United States changed their laws to give women the right to vote. The first state was Wyoming in 1869. Other areas and states gradually followed Wyomings decision. It was not until 1920 that the U．S. Constitution was changed to give all women voting rights. Susan Brownell Anthony died in 1906 at the age of 86. She was elected to the Hall of Fame for Great Americans in 1950. She was the first American woman to have a likeness(肖像) of her face on a coin. It was the 1979 Susan Brownell Anthony dollar. 【文章大意】本文主要介紹了美國(guó)歷史上著名的女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)領(lǐng)袖Susan Brownell Anthony。她努力為婦女爭(zhēng)取了財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)、投票權(quán)等權(quán)利。 【難句分析】Then she began organizing womens groups to promote causes that were important to women.(第三段第二句) 分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句，句中that were important to women為that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞causes。 譯文：隨后她開始組織婦女群體加速實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)婦女來說重要的目標(biāo)。 1. What was the situation of American women like when Susan was born? A．They had low social status. B．They could vote after getting married. C．They managed money for their husbands. D．They were responsible for decisionmaking. 答案與解析：A考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“At that time，women had few rights. They could not own property. Money earned by a married woman belonged to her husband. Major decisions regarding children were made by the fathers. Women could not vote.”可知，在那時(shí)，女性沒有什么權(quán)利，地位是低下的，故A項(xiàng)正確。B、C和D項(xiàng)均與此表述不符。 2. What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．Susans teaching experiences. B．Susans educational background. C．Susans efforts to abolish slavery. D．Susans fighting for womens causes. 答案與解析：D考查段落大意。通讀第三段尤其是“Then she began organizing womens groups to promote causes that were important to women.”可知，本段主要講述Susan Brownell Anthony為爭(zhēng)取女權(quán)而斗爭(zhēng)的情況，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)僅為細(xì)節(jié)之一，無法概括該段大意；B項(xiàng)文中沒有提及；根據(jù)第三段的“Then she began organizing womens groups to promote causes that were important to women”可知，Susan Brownell Anthony為爭(zhēng)取女權(quán)而斗爭(zhēng)，而不是為廢除奴隸制而斗爭(zhēng)，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。 3 What does the word “decision” in the fourth paragraph refer to? A．Promoting the social movement. B．Changing the U．S. Constitution. C．Giving women voting rights. D．Uniting other areas and states. 答案與解析：C考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第四段第二句中的“some parts of the United States changed their laws to give women the right to vote”可知，在Susan Brownell Anthony的努力下，美國(guó)一些地區(qū)修改了法律，給了婦女投票權(quán)；結(jié)合該段第三、四句“The first state was Wyoming in 1869. Other areas and states gradually followed Wyomings decision”可以判斷，畫線詞指代“給婦女投票權(quán)”這一決定，故C項(xiàng)正確。 4. What may be the best title for the text? A．The first American woman to invent coins B．The problem of womens rights in the U．S. C．The most popular women organizations D．A pioneer in fighting for womens rights 答案與解析：D考查標(biāo)題判斷。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了美國(guó)歷史上著名的女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)領(lǐng)袖Susan Brownell Anthony。她為婦女爭(zhēng)取了財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)、投票權(quán)等權(quán)利。據(jù)此可知D項(xiàng)最適合作文章標(biāo)題。 B A business school in Paris will soon begin using artificial intelligence and facial analysis to determine whether students are paying attention in class. The software, called Nestor, is used in two online classes at the ESG business school beginning in September. The idea, according to LCA founder Marcel Saucet, is to use the data that Nestor collects to improve the performance of both students and professors. The software uses students webcams（網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像機(jī)）to analyze eye movements and facial expressions and determine whether students are paying attention to a video lecture. It then formulates quizzes based on the content covered during moments of inattentiveness. Professors would also be able to identify moments when students’ attention declined, which could help to improve their teaching, Saucet says. Advocates for AI in education say that the software is actually unable to teach a course, but the technology could be used as a digital tutor that would adapt to a student’s individual needs, and help develop more effective studying habits. Such software could also help teachers by providing feedback on the effectiveness of their teaching, advocates say. Saucet says Nestor won’t store any of the video footage it gets and that his pany has no plans to sell any other data the software collects. In addition to facial recognition and analysis, the software can integrate（合并）with students’ calendars to suggest possible study times, and track their online behavior to pick up on patterns. Rose Luckin, a professor at the University College London Knowledge Lab, says AI could unlock the “black box of learning” by providing information on how and when learning happens. Luckin says a program like Nestor could be useful for students who take classes remotely, since “there isn’t a human there watching them.” And while some are concerned that AI may one day replace teachers, Luckin sees the technology more as an assistant, rather than a replacement. Saucet agrees. “Human contact is not going to go away,” he says. “There will always be professors.” 1.How does Nestor work to find out when students aren’t paying attention? A. By collecting the data of students’ performance in different classes. B. By collecting the students’ grades in the quizzes. C. By shooting and analyzing students’ eye movements and facial expressions.. D. By identifying moments when students’ attention declined. 2.Which is the benefit of AI education? A. It could be used exactly to replace a tutor. B. It helps student to develop more effective studying habits. C. The software is able to satisfy the requirement of a course. D. It could help teachers to give feedback on students’ performance.. 3.How does Nestor deal with the information collected from students? A. Nestor will use it to suggest possible study time to students’ schedule. B. It won’t store any video footage but facial expression. C. The pany hasn’t expected to make profits by selling the data to other corporations.. D. Nestor will use it to keep track online of students’ behavior and punish them. 4.What is Rose Luckin’s attitude towards the replacement of teachers with AI? A. Objective. B. Approving. C. Indifferent. D. Opposed. 【文章大意】本文介紹新的軟件Nestor。它通過對(duì)學(xué)生眼球運(yùn)動(dòng)和面部表情的拍攝和分析來判斷學(xué)生是否注意力集中。這種軟件只對(duì)教學(xué)其輔助作用并不能替代老師。 2.B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Advocates for AI in education say that the software is actually unable to teach a course, but the technology could be used as a digital tutor that would adapt to a student’s individual needs, and help develop more effective studying habits.可知AI education幫助學(xué)生養(yǎng)成更有效的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣。故選B。 4.D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中And while some are concerned that AI may one day replace teachers, Luckin sees the technology more as an assistant, rather than a replacement. Saucet agrees.可知Rose Luckin’對(duì)AI成為老師的替代品持反對(duì)意見。故選D。 二、七選五 Which is much more significant to you when you are finding a job？Working experience or an advanced degree？Well，I believe diverse people have different answers. 1 Here are some reasons： Above all，most of jobs dont require such a high degree，which means just some work，such as theoretical physics，archaeology，or literature，needs high academic qualification. 2 For example，when you are offering a department manager post，and there is a man who has already been a manager for three years but only has a masters degree and an inexperienced person with a doctors degree，which one would you choose？Definitely the first one for the manager who doesnt acquire a doctors degree but has rich working experience. 3 For instance，Bill Gates，who was the richest man in the world and one of the most successful merchants.What a wise choice when he decided to abandon studying so that he could gain more working experience instead of a doctors degree！Or Steve Paul Jobs，who discontinued his study at the age of nineteen in order to bee a member of a puter pany just like Bill Gates. 4 5 Maybe you shouldnt have to gain an advanced or high degree，but that doesnt mean nothing.Probably a bachelors degree is still necessary in this fiercely petitive society. All in all，I think rich working experience is much more important than an advanced degree. A．However，a degree is still required for most people. B．Meanwhile，rich working experience will draw more attention. C．Secondly，plenty of experience will bring you success much earlier. D．In my view，either working experience or an advanced degree counts. E．As for me，I will say working experience without hesitation. F．As a matter of fact，more people with rich working experience bee successful. G．From all of these，we can see that an advanced degree isnt so necessary as working experience. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇議論文。論述了工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)是工作成功的最重要的因素這一論點(diǎn)。 1．E　[根據(jù)空處位置可知，空處承上啟下，根據(jù)該段第二句“Working experience or an advanced degree？”可知，空處提出自己的觀點(diǎn)并引出下文，故E項(xiàng)與此處匹配。] 2．B　[根據(jù)本段最后一句“Definitely the first one for the manager who doesnt acquire a doctors degree but has rich working experience.”并結(jié)合空后所列舉的例子可知，該例旨在證明豐富的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)在應(yīng)聘時(shí)更受歡迎，故B項(xiàng)與此處匹配。] 3．C　[根據(jù)空處所在的位置可知，空處為本段的主題句；根據(jù)本段列舉的比爾蓋茨放棄學(xué)業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)成功和喬布斯在十九歲時(shí)輟學(xué)這兩個(gè)例子可以判斷，本段旨在說明豐富的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)艽偈谷嗽缛粘晒?，故C項(xiàng)正確。] 4．G　[根據(jù)該空所在的位置可知，該空總結(jié)本段大意；由空前列舉的比爾蓋茨和喬布斯這兩個(gè)例子可以判斷，高學(xué)歷不如工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)重要，故G項(xiàng)正確。] 5．A　[根據(jù)空處所在的位置可知，空處為本段的主題句；由本段最后一句“Probably a bachelors degree is still necessary in this fiercely petitive society.”可知，在這個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的社會(huì)中，學(xué)歷仍然是有必要的。據(jù)此可以判斷，本段主要陳述學(xué)歷對(duì)于大部分人來說還是需要的，故A項(xiàng)正確。] 三、短文改錯(cuò) Body and Food Our body, which has close relations with the food that we eat 1 our daily life, is the most important thing that we own, so our body 2 (need) proper treatment and proper nourishment (營(yíng)養(yǎng)). The old saying ＂An apple a day keeps the doctor away＂ is not as silly as some people think. The body needs fruit 3 vegetables, such as apples, pears, banana, carrots and cabbages, because they contain vitamin C, 4 is very necessary and important to us all. It’s clear that a lack of vitamin C can make people ill and weak easily. In order to get enough needed vitamins, many people take extra vitamins in pill form, 5 (believe) that these will make them 6 (health). But a good diet is made up of nourishing food and this gives all the vitamins that we need. The body doesn’t need or use extra vitamins, so why waste money on them? Nowadays many people are too busy to bother about eating properly. They throw anything into their 7 (stomach), eating something carelessly and 8 (hurried). The list of illnesses 9 (cause)or made worse by bad eating habits is frightening. It is high time we should realize the importance of having a good diet. If not, it is impossible for 10 (we) to keep fit and strong. 【文章大意】健康的飲食對(duì)我們的健康有很大的好處，所以我們一定要注意自己的飲食習(xí)慣。 1.in 【解析】考查介詞。in our daily life在我們的日常生活中。 2.needs 【解析】考查謂語動(dòng)詞。本處談常態(tài)的事情，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；結(jié)合主語our body應(yīng)用單數(shù)第三人稱形式。 3.and 【解析】考查并列連詞。我們的身體需要水果和蔬菜。and和，連接兩個(gè)并列成分。 4.which 5.beliening 【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。本處分詞作伴隨狀語，believe與句子主語many people之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。 6.healthy 【解析】考查形容詞。make them healthy使他們健康；形容詞作賓補(bǔ)。 7. stomachs 【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。＂他們的胃＂，應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。 8. hurriedly 【解析】考查副詞。本處與carelessly并列，修飾前面的動(dòng)詞eating。 9. caused 【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。 (cause)or made worse by bad eating habits作名詞illness的定語；由于cause與被修飾的名詞illnesses之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞形式。 10.us 【解析】＂對(duì)于我們來說＂，介詞for后加人稱代詞的賓格形式。