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必修1　Unit 4　Earthquakes 一、閱讀理解 A Crossing your legs is an extremely mon habit; most people dont even notice that theyre doing it when they sit down. While you may find it fortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of. A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure. The reason for this is that the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart and that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate. This causes your body to increase your blood pressure to push the blood back to the heart. You wont feel any immediate effects, but repeated, drawnout increases in blood pressure can cause longterm health issues. So, planning to sit for a long period of time? Dont keep your legs crossed. “Crossing your legs at the knee can also cause pressure on the major nerve in your leg that passes just below your knee and along the outside of your leg，” explains Richard Graves, a medical expert. This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis (麻痹) of some of the muscles in your foot and leg, preventing you from being able to raise your ankle— what we know as that “pins_and_needles” sensation. While the feeling of disfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage. So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor. Not only will it help your posture and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了人們將一條腿放在另一條腿上(蹺二郎腿)的習(xí)慣，這種行為會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些健康問(wèn)題。 【難句分析】The reason for this is that the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart and that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate.(第二段第二句) 分析：本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的都是表語(yǔ)從句，“making it...to circulate”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。 譯文：這是因?yàn)橥炔康难阂亓鞯叫呐K，就要與重力對(duì)抗，并且把一條腿放在另一條腿上會(huì)加劇這種對(duì)抗，這使得血液循環(huán)更難了。 1．What can we learn about crossing ones legs? A．It is a very bad social habit， B．It can do harm to peoples health. C．It is usually practiced deliberately. D．It can make others feel unfortable. 答案與解析：B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章前三段內(nèi)容可知，人們將一條腿放在另一條腿上(蹺二郎腿)會(huì)使血壓上升，給腿部和腳部的某些神經(jīng)帶來(lái)壓力，引起健康問(wèn)題。故選B項(xiàng)“它可能對(duì)人們的健康有害處”。 2．According to the study, sitting with your legs crossed can ________. A．a(chǎn)ffect your blood pressure B．resist gravity effectively C．lead to heart attacks easily D．improve the function of legs 答案與解析：A考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段第一句“A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure.”可知，一項(xiàng)研究表明蹺二郎腿會(huì)影響血壓。故選A。 3．In the third paragraph “pins and needles” probably means ________. A．being highly flexible　　B．being a little tired C．serious muscle injuries D．slight sharp pains 答案與解析：D考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)上文可知，將一條腿放到另一條腿上所產(chǎn)生的這種壓力會(huì)使得腳部、腿部某些肌肉無(wú)知覺(jué)、麻痹。故選D項(xiàng)“輕微的刺痛”。 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To pare mon habits. B．To evaluate the effects of an experiment. C．To give readers some advice. D．To introduce research methods. 答案與解析：C考查寫作意圖。通讀文章內(nèi)容可知，文章介紹將一條腿放在另一條腿上所導(dǎo)致的健康問(wèn)題，旨在建議讀者不要蹺二郎腿。故選C B Nowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods ( GM foods). GM foods develop from genetically modified organisms (有機(jī)體), which have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. These techniques are much more precise where an organism is exposed to chemicals to create a nonspecific but stable change. For many people, the hightech production raises all kinds of environmental, ethical, health and safety problems. Particularly in countries with long farming traditions, the idea seems against nature. In fact, GM foods are already very much a part of our lives. They were first put on the market in 1996. A third of the corn and more than half the cotton grown in the U. S. last year was the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year.The genetic genie is out of the bottle. However, like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is not so fierce by the fact that they have a large number of foods to choose from, and a supply that goes beyond the needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fastgrowing and underfed populations, the matter is simpler and much more urgent: do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks? The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the worlds population reached 6 billion. The UN states that nearly 800 million people around the world are unhealthy. About 400 million women of childbearing age don t have enough iron, which means their babies are exposed to various birth defeats.As many as 100 million children suffer from vitamin A deficiency, a leading cause of blindness. How can biotech help? Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values. Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attributable to drought, poor soil and crop viruses. 1.The passage mainly talks about________. A. the worlds food problem B. the development in biotech C. the genetically modified foods D. the way to solve food shortages 2.According to the passage, GM foods________. A. will replace naturally grown foods B. are far better than naturally grown foods C. may help to solve the problem of poor nutrition D. can cause serious trouble in developing countries 3.The underlined sentence “The genetic genie is out of the bottle.” in Paragraph 2 probably means that________. A.GM foods are available everywhere B. the technology in producing GM foods is advanced C. genetic technology may have uncontrollable powers D. genetic technology has e out of laboratories into markets 4.Whats the writers attitude towards GM foods? A. Enthusiastic. B. Cautious. C. Disapproving. D. Unbelievable. 【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了轉(zhuǎn)基因食品及其對(duì)人類生活的影響。 1.C 【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，特別是第一段中的“Nowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods ( GM foods).”可知，本文主要介紹的是轉(zhuǎn)基因食品。 2.C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values.”可知，轉(zhuǎn)基因食品有助于解決營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良問(wèn)題。 4.B 【解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段中的“However, like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing.”可知，作者認(rèn)為轉(zhuǎn)基因食品進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)前需要嚴(yán)格的檢測(cè)，由此可見作者對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的態(tài)度是謹(jǐn)慎的。 二、七選五 (2018廣東省廣州市普通高中畢業(yè)班綜合測(cè)試一) Weve all experienced peer pressure (同伴壓力). It happens to everybody. However, people have different reactions. Confident people refuse to do things they dont want to do, but shy and anxious people often give in. It may be because they want to be liked. It may be because they worry that their friends will make fun of them, or perhaps theyre just curious about trying something new. __1__. Its hard being the only one who says no and the question is: how do you do it? __2__ If you think that missing maths, or smoking, or going somewhere you know your parents wouldnt like is a bad idea then the answer is simple: dont do it. Its your decision, nobody elses. You dont need to be aggressive. You dont need to shout and scream, but you must be confident and you must be firm. You need to say, “No thanks. I dont want to do that.” Being on your own against everybody else is very hard, so it can really help to have at least one other peer, or friend, who will say no too. __3__ You want friends who will support you when youre in trouble. You dont want people who will always agree with the majority. Remember, the most popular people arent always the most trustworthy. __4__ You can learn a lot from people of your own age. They can teach you great football skills or the best way to do your maths homework. They can remend music and advise you on fashion. And dont forget you can tell them things too, and that always feels great. So, find friends who have similar interests. And remember, friendship isnt about feeling depressed and guilty. __5__ A．Choose your friends carefully. B．Firstly, you must decide what you believe in. C．Its about sharing experiences and having fun. D．Of course, peer pressure isnt pletely bad. E．It may be because they were all born to be stubborn. F．Depression and guilt will surely give you peer pressure. G．Whatever the reason, some people end up doing things they really dont want to do. 【文章大意】　自信的人通常選擇拒絕做不樂(lè)意做的事情，而害羞和焦慮的人通常會(huì)選擇接受。本文介紹了如何學(xué)會(huì)拒絕并解釋了如何從來(lái)自同伴的壓力中學(xué)習(xí)。 1．答案與解析：G根據(jù)空前兩句“It may be because they want to be liked. It may be because they worry that their friends will make fun of them，or perhaps theyre just curious about trying something new”可知，那些害羞和焦慮的人做他們不想做的事情可能是為了讓別人喜歡自己，也可能擔(dān)心他們的朋友會(huì)取笑他們，或者僅是嘗試新事物。結(jié)合空處所在的位置可以判斷，空處承上啟下，說(shuō)明不管是何種原因，這些人選擇了做他們不想做的事情，故G項(xiàng)符合文意。 2．答案與解析：B根據(jù)該段最后兩句“You dont need to shout and scream, but you must be confident and you must be firm. You need to say, ‘No thanks. I dont want to do that.’”可知，對(duì)于如何拒絕，你無(wú)需叫喊，但是要自信和堅(jiān)定；據(jù)此可知，空處表示要確定你相信的東西，故B項(xiàng)符合文意。 3．答案與解析：A根據(jù)空后一句“You want friends who will support you when youre in trouble”可知，你需要在你困難時(shí)會(huì)支持你的朋友；據(jù)此可以判斷，空處介紹的是“要慎重選擇朋友”，故A項(xiàng)與此處匹配。 4．答案與解析：D根據(jù)空后的“You can learn a lot from people of your own age. They can teach you great football skills or the best way to do your maths homework.”可知，你可以從同齡人那里學(xué)習(xí)很多，他們能教會(huì)你很多知識(shí)；據(jù)此可以判斷，來(lái)自同伴的壓力并非完全是壞事，故D項(xiàng)符合文意。 5．答案與解析：C根據(jù)“They can teach you ... that always feels great.”可知，友誼是分享技能、愛好等，是一起享受快樂(lè)，故C項(xiàng)符合文意。 三、短文改錯(cuò) (2018長(zhǎng)沙市高中畢業(yè)生供題) It snowed last night, when was quite rare here in Western Washington State. School canceled for the day and the neighborhood kids were so exciting! A couple of my young neighbors knocked polite on my door and asked if they could all play in their courtyard. I was happy to having them and soon they were making snowmen and having snowball fights. I invite them in to have hot cocoa and homemade cookie. The snow didnt last long — it started raining in this afternoon — so I enjoyed seeing the kids have so much fun while it was here! 答案： It snowed last night, was quite rare here in Western Washington State. School canceled for the day and the neighborhood kids were so ！ A couple of my young neighbors knocked on my door and asked if they could all play in courtyard. I was happy to them and soon they were making snowmen and having snowball fights. I them in to have hot cocoa and homemade . The snow didnt last long — it started raining this afternoon — I enjoyed seeing the kids have so much fun while it was here! 四、短文語(yǔ)法填空 Felicity Miller, a 32yearold British woman, __1__ has a Chinese husband, still remembers the __2__ (excite) when she first learned to use the “red packet” function on WeChat in 2015.She sent and grabbed some red packets in her Chinese family’s group.The rule in her family was that the __3__ (high) amount sent the next. Attracted by the unique way of municating, many foreigners __4__ (join) in sending and grabbing red packets so far.Usually, the money in each packet is random.Thus the amount of money one can grab __5__ (large) depends on his or her luck, from 0.01 yuan to less than 200 yuan.Many foreigners get more familiar __6__ Chinese culture through “red packets”．Two years ago, when Felicity Miller was sent 5.20 or 8.88 yuan red packets, she had no clue about the __7__ (hide) meanings.Now, she has not only known about them, but also has sent a few. However, the popularity of virtual red packets doesn’t stop people sending paper red packets __8__ (contain) real cash during the Spring Festival.It __9__ (call) lucky money.In Chinese tradition, people take giving children lucky money as __10__ blessing. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：許多外國(guó)人通過(guò)“微信紅包”更加熟悉中國(guó)文化。但是真正的紙質(zhì)紅包并未被替代，在春節(jié)時(shí)人們給孩子壓歲錢以表示對(duì)孩子的祝福。 1．who　分析本句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，先行詞為a 32yearold British woman，故用who引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。 2．excitement　根據(jù)空前的定冠詞the可知，空處用名詞形式。 3．highest　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，搶到紅包金額最高的人要發(fā)下一個(gè)紅包，故用最高級(jí)。 4．have joined　根據(jù)該句中的“so far”可知，到目前為止，已經(jīng)有許多外國(guó)人被“微信紅包”這一特殊的交流方式吸引，并參與了搶紅包和發(fā)紅包。據(jù)此可知，本句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 5．largely　空處修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)“depends on”，故用副詞形式。 6．with　許多外國(guó)人通過(guò)“微信紅包”更加熟悉中國(guó)文化。get familiar with為固定搭配，意為“熟悉……”。 7．hidden　Felicity Miller不知道這兩個(gè)數(shù)字背后隱藏的意義。根據(jù)空前的冠詞the和空后的名詞meanings可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語(yǔ)，故填hidden。 8．containing　paper red packets和動(dòng)詞contain之間是主謂關(guān)系且contain與句子謂語(yǔ)之間無(wú)連詞，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作名詞paper red packets的后置定語(yǔ)。 9．is called　這種紙質(zhì)的紅包被稱為“壓歲錢”。根據(jù)句意可知，主語(yǔ)It 和動(dòng)詞call之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；本句陳述的是一般現(xiàn)象，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 10．a(chǎn)　人們將給孩子壓歲錢作為一種祝福。此處泛指“一種祝?！?，故用不定冠詞。