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選修8　Unit 2　Cloning 一、閱讀理解 A Despite being used by 1.34 billion people each year, traveling on the Tube in London can actually be quite lonely. One citizen, however, is trying to change this. “You get on the Tube and its pletely silent and its weird，” says Jonathan Dunne, who has started a worldwide dialogue after giving out badges (徽章) with the words “Tube chat？” last month, encouraging passengers in London to get talking to one another. “I handed out 500 badges during rush hour in a city of 8 million, expecting most of them to be thrown away, but after about 24 hours it pletely snowballed，” he says. Dunne and his “Tube chat” campaign have since been reported by media across the world, seeing TV interviews in Sweden, Brazil and the UK, as well as countless website, newspaper and magazine appearances. Although Dunne says hes received mostly positive feedback, not everyone agrees with his idea. Londoner Brian Wilson responded with a campaign of his own, handing out 500 badges with the words “Dont even think about it” on them. Michael Robinson, 24, a student from London, agrees. “Being on the Tube is the only peace and quiet some people get on their journeys to and from work. It doesnt need to be spoiled by people ing up and chatting to you，” he says. “People assume that I just walk up and talk to strangers, which I dont, but its been a great way to meet people you would never have normally spoken to，” Dunne says. So if you ever end up using public transport in the West, why not say hello to the person next to you? Just make sure to check for a badge first. 【文章大意】　每年乘坐倫敦地鐵的乘客眾多，可是人們?nèi)匀桓械焦陋?dú)；為此Jonathan Dunne發(fā)起了一個(gè)旨在鼓勵(lì)乘客相互交談的運(yùn)動(dòng)，此舉引起了世界媒體的關(guān)注。盡管如此，人們對(duì)此仍有不同的態(tài)度。 1．How did Dunne encourage London passengers to talk with each other? A．By putting up posters on the tube. B．By advocating his idea on the media. C．By offering passengers special badges. D．By starting a dialogue with passengers. 答案與解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段的“who has started a worldwide dialogue after giving out badges(徽章) with the words ‘Tube chat？’”可知，Dunne用給乘客們分發(fā)寫(xiě)著“Tube chat？”的徽章來(lái)鼓勵(lì)乘客聊天，故C項(xiàng)正確。 2．How is Dunnes campaign getting along? A．It has caught international attention. B．It has bee a worldwide campaign. C．Most passengers have refused to accept it. D．Wilson has made great efforts to promote it. 答案與解析：A考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段的“Dunne and his ‘Tube chat campaign have since been reported by media across the world, seeing TV interviews in Sweden，Brazil and the UK，as well as countless website, newspaper and magazine appearances.”可知，Dunne和他的“Tube chat”運(yùn)動(dòng)引起了世界各種媒體的關(guān)注，故A項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，該運(yùn)動(dòng)僅針對(duì)倫敦地鐵乘客，故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段的“hes received mostly positive feedback”可知，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，Wilson對(duì)此運(yùn)動(dòng)持反對(duì)態(tài)度，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。 3．According to Michael Robinson, what should tube passengers do? A．Hand in their feedback in time. B．Walk up and talk to strangers. C．Stop using public transport. D．Enjoy the peace quietly. 答案與解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段的“Being on the Tube is the only peace and quiet some people get on their journeys to and from work. It doesnt need to be spoiled by people ing up and chatting to you”可知，Michael Robinson認(rèn)為乘倫敦地鐵是人們上下班時(shí)享受安靜的時(shí)刻，而不是交談的時(shí)刻，故D項(xiàng)正確。 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Tube Chat or Not B．Lonely Travel in the London Tube C．Silence on the Tube D．Tube Passengers Wearing Badges 答案與解析：A　考查標(biāo)題判斷。通讀全文可知，文章第二段介紹Dunne和他的“Tube chat”運(yùn)動(dòng)引起了世界各種媒體的關(guān)注；第三段介紹一些人持不同的觀(guān)點(diǎn)；最后一段建議如果要跟陌生人打招呼，先看看他有沒(méi)有徽章。據(jù)此可以判斷，文章主要介紹了人們對(duì)于是否在倫敦地鐵相互交談持不同的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，故A項(xiàng)最能概括文意。 B What is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products displayed at the entrance? Or the soft background music? But have you ever notice the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shop’s scent may not be outstanding pared with sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase. A brand store has bee famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods pany once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers’ intension to purchase increased by 80 percent. When it es to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brand’s success as the quality of its window displays and goods on sale. That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be. Now the rise of electronic merce (e-merce)has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar shops(實(shí)體店)can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination. And scent is just one way to achieve this. Now, a famous store uses plex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department, and coconut scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store’s windows to smell books, pots and drawers, in search of their perfect scent. 1. According to the passage, what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand store? A.Friendly assistant. B.Unique scents. C.Soft background music D.Attractive window display. 2. E-shops are mentioned in the passage to _______ . A. show the advantages of brick-and-mortar stores B. urge shop assistants to change their attitude C. push stores to use sights and sounds D. introduce the rise of e-merce 3. Which statement would the writer agree with? A.Put different shop on the products on display. B.Ask every shop assistant to wear light perfume. C.Place fragrant flowers in the shop D.Expose some coffee bean to air inside a coffee shop. 4. The main purpose of the passage is to ______ . A. pare and evaluate B. examine and assess C. inform and explain D. argue and discuss 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了采用香味提高銷(xiāo)售量的理念。文章講述了香味對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)實(shí)體店的影響。各大品牌店都加強(qiáng)了味覺(jué)對(duì)顧客消費(fèi)欲求的刺激，并根據(jù)商品不同調(diào)節(jié)香味。 1. B【解析】 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段＂But while a shop’s scent may not be outstanding pared with sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.＂可知，一些商店的成功中，獨(dú)特的香味起著重要的作用。故選B。 3. D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的句子＂A brand store has bee famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air.＂可知，作者認(rèn)為氣味在商店的成功方面起著重要的作用，所以他 認(rèn)為咖啡店應(yīng)該將咖啡豆暴露于空氣中。故選D。 4. C【解析】主旨大意題。這篇文章主要是告訴讀者香味對(duì)購(gòu)物心理的影響，所以重在介紹和解釋香味對(duì) 于實(shí)體店的影響。故選C。 二、七選五 (2017長(zhǎng)沙市高中畢業(yè)生五月供題) Its easy to talk yourself out of exercising. Even when you have the best intentions to work out, excuses are so easy to find—“Im too tired” or “Im busy” or “The weather is bad”. Dont worry! __1__ ?Take baby steps. You would never try to run 10 miles on one day, right? When you do too much too soon, youll end up injured and discouraged. Take it easy as you get started. Maybe you only run a quarter of a mile during your first week. __2__ ?Show the clock who is boss. Health experts say you should aim for at least 150 minutes of exercise a week, plus weight training at least twice a week. If you work too late to get to a gym, keep a set of weights at home. If you cant do 30 minutes at once, break it up into 10 or 15minute sections. ? __3__ Your workout should be just as much a habit as brushing your teeth or eating breakfast. When its part of your routine, you wont even have to think about it. In a few months, fitness can be regular in your day. ? Keep it real. Youre not going to shake off 30 pounds in a week. __4__ For example, increase your workout schedule from 2 to 3 days a week, or exercise for 15 more minutes each time. ? Celebrate! __5__ Therefore, even a pound of weight loss or a pound of muscle gain is the reason to reward yourself. Go out with friends, or buy a new pair of jeans. A．Get used to it. B．Do it for yourself. C．It takes weeks to see real changes. D．Keep a fitness journal to record your progress. E．Aim for something thats realistic as a first step. F．The following tricks can keep your fitness routine on track. G．When it bees easy for you, you can make it more challenging. 【文章大意】　本文主要介紹了能使自己堅(jiān)持鍛煉的幾條建議。 【難句分析】When you do too much too soon, youll end up injured and discouraged. 分析：本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。When引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句；injured and discouraged是形容詞，在句中作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 譯文：當(dāng)你鍛煉強(qiáng)度太大，太頻繁，你會(huì)身體受傷，情緒受挫。 1．答案與解析：F　根據(jù)空前的不去運(yùn)動(dòng)的借口以及下文的建議可知，空處在文中起到了承上啟下的過(guò)渡作用，所以選F項(xiàng)。 2．答案與解析：G　根據(jù)本段的主題句“Take baby steps.”及上文的“Take it easy as you get started. Maybe you only run a quarter of a mile during your first week.”可推知，你可以循序漸進(jìn)，逐步挑戰(zhàn)更大強(qiáng)度的鍛煉，所以選G項(xiàng)。 3．答案與解析：A　根據(jù)空后的“Your workout should be just as much a habit as brushing your teeth or eating breakfast.”可推知，要養(yǎng)成鍛煉的習(xí)慣，并自覺(jué)去做，所以選A項(xiàng)。 4．答案與解析：E　根據(jù)空前的“Keep it real. Youre not going to shake off 30 pounds in a week.”可知，鍛煉的目標(biāo)要現(xiàn)實(shí)可行，所以選E項(xiàng)。 5．答案與解析：C　根據(jù)空后的“Therefore, even a pound of weight loss or a pound of muscle gain is the reason to reward yourself.”可推知，鍛煉的效果并不會(huì)立竿見(jiàn)影，只要有效就值得慶賀，所以選C項(xiàng)。 三、短文改錯(cuò) Dear John， Im so pleased to receive your email.I feel exciting to know you dream being a professional football player.I am looking forward to see an international football star，John.Im surely you will succeed. As for me，teaching was my dream job.The reason for this is why I would like to share my knowledges with my students and help them solve problems.Besides，staying with students helps to keep me young.To realize my dream，I have to devote me to my study and enter an normal university. What will you do for your dream and who is your most favorite football player? Yours， Li Hua 【答案】 Dear John， Im so pleased to receive your email.I feel to know you dream being a professional football player.I am looking forward to an international football star，John.Im you will succeed. As for me，teaching my dream job.The reason for this is I would like to share my with my students and help them solve problems.Besides，staying with students helps to keep me young.To realize my dream，I have to devote to my study and enter normal university. What will you do for your dream and who is your 　favorite football player? Yours， Li Hua 第一處：考查形容詞。此處修飾主語(yǔ)“I”，指人，應(yīng)用excited。 第二處：考查固定搭配。dream of/about doing sth.意為“夢(mèng)想做某事”，為固定搭配。 第三處：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。look forward to doing sth.意為“期望做某事”，為固定用法。 第四處：考查形容詞。根據(jù)“Im”可知，動(dòng)詞be后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。 第五處：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。全文用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；且主語(yǔ)為“teaching”，所以應(yīng)把was改為is。 第六處：考查名詞性從句。此處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺成分，故用連詞that。 第七處：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。knowledge是不可數(shù)名詞，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 第八處：考查代詞。devote oneself to sth.意為“致力于某事”；主語(yǔ)為“I”，所以反身代詞應(yīng)用myself。 第九處：考查冠詞。normal的讀音不以輔音音素開(kāi)頭；且此處泛指進(jìn)入一所普通的大學(xué)。故用不定冠詞a。 第十處：考查形容詞的比較等級(jí)。favourite意為“最喜歡的”，無(wú)比較等級(jí)或最高級(jí)形式，所以去掉most。 四、語(yǔ)法填空 (2018沈陽(yáng)市下學(xué)期高三第三次模擬考試試題) Visitors to Britain may find the most marvelous place __1__ (enjoy) the local culture is in a traditional pub. But newers may get __2__ trouble in these friendly pubs. Strangers may start with the difficulty of getting __3__ drink. Most pubs have no __4__ (wait) — you have to go to the bar to buy drinks. This may sound __5__ (convenience), but English people are used to doing so. Pub culture is formed to help people get along with each other. Standing at the bar for __6__ (serve) allows you to chat with others waiting for drinks. The bar counter is __7__ (possible) the only place in Britain. Though a friendly conversation with strangers is considered to be entirely proper and really quite normal, however, if you do not follow the local rules, you may fail to feel the local culture. For example, if you __8__ (be) in a big group, it is best for one or two people to go to buy the drinks. Nothing makes the regular customers and bar staff __9__ (angry) than a group of strangers __10__ (stand) in front of the bar while they chat and wonder what to order. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，講的是英國(guó)的酒館文化。 1．答案與解析：to enjoy　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。被修飾的名詞前有最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)后置定語(yǔ)常用不定式，故用to enjoy。 2．答案與解析：into　考查介詞。固定搭配get into trouble表示“陷入麻煩”，與后面一句中的difficulty相照應(yīng)，所以填into。 3．答案與解析：a　考查冠詞。drink這里表示“一杯酒，一份酒精飲料”，是可數(shù)名詞，前面加不定冠詞，表示泛指，故用a。 4．答案與解析：waiters　考查名詞。根據(jù)破折號(hào)后的“you have to go to the bar to buy drinks”可知，這樣的酒館是沒(méi)有服務(wù)員(waiters)的，waiter是可數(shù)名詞，no常修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故用waiters。 5．答案與解析：inconvenient　考查形容詞。sound在這里表示“聽(tīng)起來(lái)”，后面加形容詞充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)，根據(jù)上面一句可知，沒(méi)有服務(wù)員，需要自己去買(mǎi)飲料，這給人的感覺(jué)是不方便的(inconvenient)。 6．答案與解析：service　考查名詞。介詞后面加名詞，service表示“服務(wù)”，符合語(yǔ)境。 7．答案與解析：possibly　考查副詞。此處應(yīng)用副詞possibly作狀語(yǔ)。 8．答案與解析：are　考查時(shí)態(tài)。if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是you，故用are。 9．答案與解析：angrier　考查比較級(jí)。根據(jù)空后的than并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，這里表示比較，故用angry的比較級(jí)形式angrier。 10．答案與解析：standing　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處現(xiàn)在分詞與被修飾詞strangers構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，因此用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞standing。