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第七講　言簡意賅的非謂語動詞 眾所周知，書面表達中出現(xiàn)過多的簡單句會讓人覺得單調(diào)乏味，句子與句子之間的關(guān)系顯得松散；而過多地出現(xiàn)復(fù)合句又顯得累贅，讀起來費勁。恰當?shù)剡\用非謂語動詞不僅使句型多樣，而且使習作結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。 一、非謂語動詞的分類 1.不定式 I’m sorry to say that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. 我抱歉地說，我不能和你一起在星期五下午去書店了。 We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future. 我們應(yīng)當通過學(xué)習盡力提升自己，為未來做好準備。 2.動名詞 Furthermore，voting on the Internet makes instant feedback possible. 而且在網(wǎng)上投票會瞬間得到反饋。 Doing the same sports on the playground gives us the opportunity to promote our friendship.在操場上做同樣的運動給了我們機會促進我們的友誼。 3.現(xiàn)在分詞 In the picture，we can see a boy in worn clothes，sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it. 在這幅畫中，我們可以看到一個穿著破舊衣服的男孩，坐在一張放著一摞書的舊木桌旁。 4.過去分詞 In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order. 事實上，交通規(guī)則是與公共秩序相關(guān)的規(guī)則規(guī)章的一部分。 It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries. 它刊登了由外國朋友寫的有關(guān)他們國家的文章。 二、運用非謂語動詞轉(zhuǎn)換簡單句 寫作時，我們可以利用非謂語動詞對兩個簡單句進行轉(zhuǎn)換，使其成為較高級的表達方式。轉(zhuǎn)換時可采用“三步法”： 第一步：寫出兩個簡單句。 第二步：找準兩個簡單句的對接點，讓一個句子作為主干，另一個句子用非謂語動詞進行改寫。 第三步：判斷應(yīng)用何種非謂語動詞，把握好時態(tài)和語態(tài)，最后連接起來。 [示例]　 第一步：寫出兩個簡單句。 ①In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”. ②It aims to introduce American customs and the life of high school students. 第二步：讓句①作主句，用非謂語動詞改寫句②。 第三步：讓句②作定語，由于其動詞aim與主語it之間為主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語。 In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”， aiming to introduce American customs and the life of high school students. 三、運用非謂語動詞轉(zhuǎn)換復(fù)合句 用非謂語動詞轉(zhuǎn)換復(fù)合句比轉(zhuǎn)換簡單句要容易一些，因為需轉(zhuǎn)換的一般是從句部分，這時只需要判斷用何種非謂語動詞，再把握好時態(tài)和語態(tài)即可，所以只需兩步。 [示例]　 第一步：寫出復(fù)合句。 Since you have realized that your time is limited，you’ll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation. 第二步：把since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換為非謂語動詞，realize與you之間為主謂關(guān)系，且表示完成，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語。 Having realized that your time is limited，you’ll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation. [跟 蹤 訓(xùn) 練] Ⅰ.完成句子 1.Hearing__you’ll__be__a__new__member__of__us，we are all filled with joy and cheer. 聽說你將成為我們的一名新成員，我們心里充滿了興奮和快樂。 2.Another suggestion is to__practice__speaking. 還有一項建議是練習說的能力。 3.Hopefully，these books will help the students (to)__know__and__learn__Chinese__better. 讓人滿懷希望的是，這些書籍將有助于學(xué)生更好地了解和學(xué)習漢語。 4.Letting__out your temper in this way can avoid hurting others. 用這種方式釋放自己的情緒能避免傷害別人。 5.Weather__permitting，we will go for an outing tomorrow. 天氣允許的話，我們明天去郊游。 Ⅱ.用非謂語動詞進行句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1.All the people here like the novel.It is written by Tom.(用過去分詞作定語) →All__the__people__here__like__the__novel__written__by__Tom. 2.The boy came to school late again.This made the teacher very angry.(用動名詞作主語) →The__boy’s__ing__to__school__late__again__made__the__teacher__very__angry. 3.The boys were making the most of time.They wanted to finish the work earlier.(用不定式作目的狀語) →The__boys__were__making__the__most__of__time__so__as__to__finish__the__work__earlier. 4.We were touched by the teacher’s words.We decided to work hard.(用過去分詞作狀語) →Touched__by__the__teacher’s__words，we__decided__to__work__hard. 5.I feel quite sorry for that.I begin to think about what to do to help.(用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語) →Feeling__quite__sorry__for__that，I__begin__to__think__about__what__to__do__to__help. 6.Because I was amazed at how skillful they were，I determined to be just as good.(用過去分詞作狀語) →Amazed__at__how__skillful__they__were，I__determined__to__be__just__as__good. 7.Because I had paid a visit to the place，I will go somewhere else this year to spend my summer vacation.(用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語) →Having__paid__a__visit__to__the__place，I__will__go__somewhere__else__this__year__to__spend__my__summer__vacation.