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第11練 閱讀理解 七選五 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A OnNovember7，LewisPughcompletedaonekilometerswiminthefreezingwatersofKingEdwardCove，offSouthGeorgiainAntarctica.Hewaswearingonlyhisswimmingglasses，capandspeedos! Pughisanadvocateforouroceansandseas，workingtoprotecttheseecosystemwiththeirlargediversityofmarine(海洋的) life.Whenaskedwhyhedoesn’twearawetsuit，Lewissays，“Iaskworldleaderstodoeverythingtheycantoprotectouroceans.Sometimesthestepstheyneedtotakearedifficultandunpopular.IfI’maskingthemtobecourageous，Imustalsobe.Swimminginawetsuitwouldnotsendtherightmessage.” IttookPughabout19minutestocompletetheonekilometerswiminAntarcticawherethewateraveragedabout1.6degreesCelsius(攝氏度)．Hesaysthathisbodycanonlytolerateabout20minutesinthefreezingwatersbeforeitstartsshuttingdown.Asheswims，hisbodytemperaturesteadilydrops，whichinturncauseshismuscle(肌肉) controltodrop，slowinghimdown.Whenheisdonewithhisswim，hissupportteamrusheshimtoahotshowerandittakesalmostanhourforhisbodytemperaturetoreturntonormal. DoctorsandPughcautionthatonemustreceivemonthsoftrainingtoswiminsuchcoldwaters.Evenexpertswimmerswhoareunusedtofreezingwatercandrownwithinminutesbecauseofthephysicalshockexperiencedbythebody.Pughsayshetrainedforsixmonthsbeforethisswim. ThisisnotthefirsttimethatLewishasswumindangerousconditions.In2007，heswamonekilometerintheNorthPoletodrawattentiontothemeltingArcticiceduetoclimatechange.In2015，heswamintheBayofWhalesinAntarctica’sRossSeaaspartofhissuccessfulcampaigntohelpsetupamarinereservethere. 1．WhydidLewisPughswimwithoutawetsuit? A．Toswimfaster. B．Toshowhisbravery. C．Tobuilduphisbody. D．Towinpublicattention. 2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto? A．Hisbody. B．Thewater. C．Hisbodytemperature. D．Thewatertemperature. 3．What’sPugh’sadviceaboutswimminginfreezingwaters? A．Onemustbefullyprepared. B．Oneshouldbeexpertatswimming. C．Oneshouldbereadytotakeonchallenges. D．Onemustbeusedtolongdistanceswimming. 4．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext? A．LewisPugh：SwimmingforaCause B．HowtoSurviveaSwiminColdWaters C．HowtoPrepareforExtremeSwimming D．LewisPugh：AchievingtheImpossible B PeopletypicallywashtheirhandsseveraltimesadayintheUnitedStates，buttheydoitatafarhighertemperaturethanisnecessarytokillgerms，anewstudysays.Theenergywasteisequivalenttothefueluseofasmallcountry. AmandaR．Carrico，aresearchassistantprofessorattheVanderbiltInstituteforEnergyandEnvironmentinTennessee，toldNationalGeographicthathandwashingisoften“acasewherepeopleactinwaysthattheythinkareintheirbestinterest，buttheyinfacthaveinaccuratebeliefsoroutdatedperceptions.” Carricosaid，“It’scertainlytruethatheatkillsbacteria，butifyouweregoingtousehotwatertokillthemitwouldhavetobeawaytoohotforyoutotolerate.” Carricosaidthatafterareviewofthescientificliterature，herteamfound“noevidencethatusinghotwaterthatapersoncouldstandwouldhaveanybenefitinkillingbacteria.”Evenwaterascoldas40F(4.4C) appearedtoreducebacteriaaswellashotterwater，ifhandswerescrubbed，rinsed(沖洗) anddriedproperly. Usinghotwatertowashhandsisthereforeunnecessary，aswellaswasteful，Carricosaid，particularlywhenitcomestotheenvironment.Accordingtoherresearch，peopleusewarmorhotwater64percentofthetimewhentheywashtheirhands.Usingthatnumber，Carrico’steamcalculatedasignificantimpactontheplanet. “Althoughthechoiceofwatertemperatureduringasinglehandwashmayappearunimportant，whenmultipliedbythenearly800billionhandwashesperformedbyAmericanseachyear，thispracticeresultsinmorethan6millionmetrictonsofCO2equivalentemissionsannually，”shesaid. TheresearcherspublishedtheirresultsintheJuly2013issueofInternationalJournalofConsumerStudies.Theyrecommendedwashingwithwaterthatisata“comfortable”temperature，whichtheynotedmaybewarmerincoldmonthsandcoolerinhotones. 5．What’sthemeaningofwhatCarricotoldNationalGeographicinthesecondparagraph? A．Peoplearemoreconcernedabouttheirhealthandbegintowashtheirhands. B．It’simportantforpeopletowashtheirhandstokeephealthy. C．Generally，people’shandwashingbehaviorsandperceptionsarenotcorrect. D．Peoplelikewashingtheirhandsverymuch. 6．Thefiguresinthesixthparagraphareusedtoshowthat. A．usinghotwatertowashhandshasabadinfluenceonourplanet B．a(chǎn)irpollutionhasbecomemoreandmoreserious C．usinghotwatertowashhandsisawasteofenergy D．peopleshouldpaymoreattentiontotheenvironmentaroundus 7．Thispassageisorganizedinthepatternof. A．factandopinion B．causeandeffect C．definitionandclassification D．timeandevents 8．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage? A．It’snecessaryandusefulforpeopletowashtheirhandsfrequentlyeveryday. B．Wecanwashourhandswithwaterthatisata“comfortable”temperature. C．Usingcoldwatertowashhandsisnecessaryandmuchhealthier. D．Hotwatercan’tkillgerms. C (2018黑龍江齊齊哈爾二模) Shesatatthepicnictablealone.Recess(休息) wasinfullswing.Sheremainedawkwardaroundherclassmates.Sheseemedunsureofwhattodoorsay，yetIcouldseehereyeslongingforacceptance.Manystudentshadalreadydecidedthatherfriendshipwouldnotbeworththeenergyrequiredtoovercometheawkwardness.Othersteasedher.Mostignoredher—exceptforone. Brianna，theclassclown，wasmakingtheotherstudentslaugh，asusual.“Brianna，doyouseeMollydownthere？Wouldyoumindwalkingdownthereandinvitinghertocomeupherewiththerestofus？” Briannasighed.Icouldtellshedidn’twanttosacrificepreciousminutesofherownrecesstodowhatIwasaskingofher，butIalsoknewherheart.Sheoftenthoughtofothersbeforeherself—ararecharacterforanyone，muchlessakid. Knowingthischoicewashardforher，IpulledoutaDbuck，ourclasscurrency.Thoughbribery(行賄) wasnottheidealwaytohandlethissituation，Ineededhercooperation. “Here，I’llpayyouforyourtime.” Sheofferedaninsinceresmile，graspedthegreenpaper，andheadeddownthehill. Astherestofthechildrenscreamedandlaughed，myeyeslockedonBriannaasshenearedthepicnictable.Mollycouldbedifficult，andIwouldn’thavebeensurprisedifshesentBriannabackalone，refusingherinvitation.Whensheencouragedherselftoastandingposition，Isighedwithrelief. Aminutelater，Ifeltataponmyshoulder.“Here，Mrs.D.”ShehandedmetheDbuck. “Why？”Iasked. “Ishouldn’tkeepthis.”Hereyesfelltoherfeet，guiltradiatingfromherquietvoice.“Idon’twantMollytothinkIonlywenttogethersoIcouldearnabuck.She’smyfriend.” Amomentlater，theywerealllaughingagain，andwhoshouldIseeamongthem，laughingforthefirsttimethatweek？Molly. 9．Accordingtotheauthor，whatwasMollylike? A．Sheignoredthejokesfromotherkids. B．Shefeltawkwardatbeingteased. C．Shedesiredtobeacceptedbyotherkids. D．Shehadnoenergytomakefriends. 10．HowdidtheauthorfeelasBriannawalkedtoMolly? A．Worried. B．Satisfied. C．Excited. D．Confused. 11．WhatwasthepurposeofBrianna’sreturningtheDbucktotheauthor? A．Toavoidlosingitoneday. B．TogetapurefriendshipwithMolly. C．Tobribeherteacher. D．Toescapefrombeingscoldedbyherteacher. Ⅱ.七選五 Inaworldsurroundedbybadnews，itmayfeellikeanunhappyplacesometimes.12 Ifyoumakeevenonepersonsmiletoday，youcanhelpmakethisworldabetterplace.Hereisalistofideastohelpyou. 13InthisdayandagewhereeverythingissentviatheInternet，it’sashocktoreceivealetterthroughthepost.Puttingpentopaperandwritingafewwordstoafriendcanbeaneasywaytomakeapositiveimpact. Requiringsometimeandresearchtofindtheperfectproject，volunteeringisoneofthenicestthingsyoucando.Whetheryouvolunteeratyourlocalyouthgrouportakedogsfromsheltersforawalk，thesimplefactthatyouaregivingyourtimetohelpsomeoneelseisincredible.Therearesomanyopportunities.14 Tellsomeone“Iloveyou”．Itcanbeanyone.15Perhapsyoucantellafriendthatyouappreciatealltheyaretoyou，orremindyourmumthatit’sherbirthday.Sometimes，inourbusylivesweforgettotakeamomenttotellpeoplewhattheymeantous. 16Whetheryou’recreativeornot，takingtimetomakesomethingforsomeoneelseshowshowmuchyouappreciatethem.Evenifyouthinkyou’renotcreative，therecipientwillfeelluckytogetsuchauniquegiftthatyouputyourprecioustimeinto.Someideascouldincludeacard，painting，drawing，song，poemorcake! A．However，youcanmakeadifference. B．It’sasurprisetosendahandwrittenletter. C．Andyoudon’tevenhavetosay“Iloveyou”． D．Soyouaresuretofindonethatisrightforyou. E．Anditdoesn’tnecessarilyhavetotakeupallyourlife. F．Makingsomethingforaspecialpersonisalwaysunique. G．Evenapostcardwithacoupleofsentencescouldreallymakesomeone’sday. 答案解析 Ⅰ. 語(yǔ)篇解讀　這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Lewis Pugh 為了呼吁政府采取措施保護(hù)海洋而在平均水溫僅有16C的極地海洋不穿防寒泳衣游泳的勇敢事跡。 1．B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“I ask world leaders to do everything they can to protect our oceans.Sometimes the steps they need to take are difficult and unpopular.If I’m asking them to be courageous，I must also be.Swimming in a wetsuit would not send the right message.”可知，他不穿防寒泳衣是為了展示他的勇敢，故選B。] 2．A　[詞義猜測(cè)題。上文是他在冰水里游泳身體只能忍受20分鐘，下文中提到他游泳時(shí)體溫在慢慢下降，肌肉控制力也在下降，可推測(cè)出此處的it指的是his body，故選A。] 3．A　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Doctors and Pugh caution that one must receive months of training to swim in such cold waters.”可知，一個(gè)人要想在冰冷的水里游泳必須得訓(xùn)練很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才可以，即要做足準(zhǔn)備工作才行，故選A。] 4．A　[標(biāo)題歸納題。文章主要講述的是Pugh為保護(hù)海洋而在極寒的水里游泳，他用實(shí)際行動(dòng)去展示他保護(hù)海洋的決心和勇氣，由此可知A項(xiàng)是最佳標(biāo)題。] 語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是一篇研究報(bào)告。熱水洗手是不是能殺死更多的細(xì)菌？研究證明并非如此，而且還產(chǎn)生了更多的二氧化碳。 5．C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“but they in fact have inaccurate beliefs or outdated perceptions.”的轉(zhuǎn)折可知，一般來(lái)講，人們洗手的觀念和行為都是不太正確的或者過(guò)時(shí)的，故選C。] 6．A　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Using that number，Carrico’s team calculated a significant impact on the planet.”可知，本句承上啟下，再根據(jù)第六段內(nèi)容可知引用的那些數(shù)字就是為了證明用熱水洗手對(duì)地球帶來(lái)的消極影響，故選A。] 7．A　[篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通過(guò)對(duì)文章的整體理解，尤其是第六段可知，本文主要是通過(guò)列舉事實(shí)，同時(shí)表達(dá)作者自己的觀點(diǎn)的方式進(jìn)行行文的，故選A。] 8．B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“They recommended washing with water that is at a ‘comfortable’ temperature，which they noted may be warmer in cold months and cooler in hot ones.”可知，我們洗手用舒適溫度的水即可，不必太熱，也不必太涼，故選B。] 語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。莫莉渴望被同學(xué)接受，但多數(shù)的學(xué)生都直接無(wú)視她，所以作者讓布麗安娜去邀請(qǐng)她，并給她Dbuck作為回報(bào)。布麗安娜照作者的話(huà)去做了，但是把Dbuck還給了作者。因?yàn)椴见惏材认牒湍蚪⒓儩嵉挠颜x，不想讓她誤會(huì)自己去邀請(qǐng)她的誠(chéng)意。 9．C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“She seemed unsure of what to do or say，yet I could see her eyes longing for acceptance.”可知，Molly渴望自己被別人接受。故選C。] 10．A　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段“As the rest of the children screamed and laughed，my eyes locked on Brianna as she neared the picnic table.Molly could be difficult，and I wouldn’t have been surprised if she sent Brianna back alone，refusing her invitation.”可知，當(dāng)布麗安娜走向莫莉時(shí)，作者很是擔(dān)心。故選A。] 11．B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“I don’t want Molly to think I only went to get her so I could earn a buck.She’s my friend.”可知，布麗安娜歸還Dbuck給作者是為了和莫莉建立純潔的友誼。故選B。] Ⅱ. 12．A　[第一段第一句“在一個(gè)被壞消息包圍的世界里，有時(shí)可能感覺(jué)這個(gè)世界像一個(gè)不快樂(lè)的地方。”呈現(xiàn)了消極的一面，而第二段第一句“如果你今天讓一個(gè)人微笑，那么你就可以使這個(gè)世界變成一個(gè)更好的地方”則開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)入話(huà)題，因此設(shè)空處應(yīng)該是轉(zhuǎn)折并引出話(huà)題。因此A項(xiàng)切題。] 13．B　[根據(jù)下一句中的“it’s a shock to receive a letter through the post(在當(dāng)今社會(huì)從郵局收到一封信會(huì)使人很震驚。)．”可知本段主題是手寫(xiě)一封信郵寄。因此B項(xiàng)最能概括本段主旨。] 14．D　[根據(jù)上句“There are so many opportunities(有很多機(jī)會(huì))．”，可知，D項(xiàng)(所以你一定會(huì)找到適合你的)符合題意。] 15．C　[本段的中心句是“Tell someone ‘I love you’．(告訴某個(gè)人“我愛(ài)你”)”，只有C項(xiàng)“And you don’t even have to say ‘I love you’(甚至你沒(méi)必要說(shuō)“我愛(ài)你”)．”切題。] 16．F　[根據(jù)空后的“Whether you’re creative or not，taking time to make something for someone else shows how much you appreciate them(無(wú)論你是否有創(chuàng)意，花點(diǎn)時(shí)間為某個(gè)人做些小東西，來(lái)表示你對(duì)他的感激。)．”可知本段主要介紹的是為他人做些東西。故F項(xiàng)最能概括該段主旨。]