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第二講　如何寫記敘文的主體 一、題型特點(diǎn) 讀寫任務(wù)型作文的主體部分一般要求寫120詞左右，通常包括兩部分：一是銜接過渡語；二是論證自己的觀點(diǎn)或描述類似的事例。 1.銜接過渡語：寫完摘要后要用一句過渡性的語句引出自己的觀點(diǎn)(贊成或反對)或類似的事例。 2.論證觀點(diǎn)或描述事例：對文中的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對比論證，并提出自己的觀點(diǎn)；描述事例時(shí)要緊扣文章主題，所描述的事例能夠與文章觀點(diǎn)契合。 二、寫作技巧 出現(xiàn)在讀寫任務(wù)中的記敘文要求考生描述一件與原閱讀材料有關(guān)聯(lián)的事件，并說出自己從事件中得到的教訓(xùn)或?qū)λ枋霈F(xiàn)象發(fā)表自己的看法。 1.寫作步驟 銜接過渡描述事件發(fā)表看法 2.常用過渡語句 (1)This reminds me of the similar experience. (2)This story brings me back to an event many years ago. (3)I had a similar experience. 【典例示范】 請閱讀下面的短文，并按照要求用英語寫一篇150詞左右的文章。 (2018鹽城高三二模)I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains.The sun was setting when my car broke down near a remote and poor village.Cursing my misfortune，I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house.Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house.While she was getting me settled into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage. I had noticed three hens running free in my hostess’s courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table.Some villagers brought me goat’s cheese and honey.We drank together and talked merrily till far into the night. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused her. [寫作內(nèi)容] 1.用約30個(gè)單詞寫出上文概要； 2.用約120個(gè)詞談?wù)勀愕母惺埽豢梢允亲约河H身的經(jīng)歷，也可以用他人的事例。 [寫作要求] 1.寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句； 2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱； 3.不必寫標(biāo)題。 [評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)] 內(nèi)容完整，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。 [參考范文] The story I read tells us that when the writer’s car broke down near a faraway village, he got help from all the villagers and felt grateful for how he had been treated. I was moved by the story.Nothing is more impressive and unforgettable than being offered help or helping others in trouble. Since we are living under the same roof, there’s no doubt that we need to care about other people and support each other, especially when time is hard. In these two years, there have been many disasters striking different parts of our country, causing thousands of people suffering pains of losing homes. I remembered when Yiliang Earthquake took place, many of us donated money for people there. A beggar without legs, who was just able to earn his bread by begging for money, donated all his savings to help Yiliang people. Hearing the story and watching all about this on TV, we were moved to tears. Why not hold out your helping hand to those who are suffering? To give is to receive. What you give is the best gift for whoever are waiting for the help. 能力提升練1 請閱讀下面短文，并按照要求用英語寫一篇150詞左右的文章。 (2018江蘇無錫高三質(zhì)量檢測)As a man was passing the elephants, he suddenly stopped, confused by the fact that these huge creatures were being held by only a small rope tied to their front legs. No chains, and no cages either. It was obvious that the elephants could, at any time, break away from their bonds but for some reason, they did not. He saw a trainer nearby and asked why these animals just stood there and made no attempt to get away. “Well，” the trainer said, “when they are very young and much smaller we use the rope of the same size to tie them and, at that age, it’s enough to hold them. As they grow up, they are conditioned to believe they cannot break away.” The man was amazed. These animals can break away from their bonds at any time, but because they believe they can’t, they are stuck right where they are. [寫作內(nèi)容] 1.以約30詞概括上文的主要內(nèi)容。 2.以約120詞談?wù)勀愕目捶?，?nèi)容包括： (1)這個(gè)故事有什么寓意？ (2)你如何解決這樣的問題？ [寫作要求] 1.寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句； 2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱； 3.不必寫標(biāo)題。 [評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)] 內(nèi)容完整，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。 [參考范文] Some adult elephants, which could have easily broken away from the chains which confine them, chose to remain where they were. This is largely due to their conditioned thinking pattern, which were formed from their early age. The passage casts spotlight on the moral that once the fixed thinking pattern is deeply rooted in one’s mind, it bees extremely challenging for one to make any positive changes to the circumstances. Ridiculous as it may sound, it is not unmon for us to see some vivid examples around. For instance, some of us invariably blame our failure in exams on our poor genes inherited from our parents, thus never adopting any effective approaches to polish up this subject. To eliminate this vicious thinking pattern, I should determinedly resort to my teachers or parents for help. I will talk my problems through and seek their suggestions. Once finding out the underlying reasons for my fixed thinking pattern, I will think out of the box and see things from a different angle. 能力提升練2 請閱讀下面的短文，然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。 (2018江蘇揚(yáng)州中學(xué)高三檢測)Middle and high school days are both fun and busy. Students spend their days in class, listening to the interesting and sometimes boring words of the teacher. They spend the short breaks running, playing, and shouting happily before going back to the classroom again. But how should students spend their free time outside school? In Western countries, it is mon for students to have a part-time job after school and at weekends. Students can earn their own money and learn more about the “real world”. They enjoy the extra independence and money, and parents enjoy the quiet house. However, it seems that, in China, parents worry so much about their children’ studies that they would prefer to see their children spending most of their free time studying and preparing for all those exams. It is natural for parents to feel that way, but I believe the answer lies in balance. Sometimes, Western school children work long hours after school to make money, and so they bee too tired to listen in class or have no time for homework. But Chinese students spend so much time on their studies that all else bees less important until they want that new MP4 player. So, find a good and healthy balance! If you have a part-time job, you’ll be happy, and your parents will also be happy because you’re spending your hard-earned money and not theirs! [寫作內(nèi)容] 1.概括短文的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，該部分的字?jǐn)?shù)大約30詞左右； 2.就“如何利用課余時(shí)間”這個(gè)主題發(fā)表你的看法，至少包含以下的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，該部分的字?jǐn)?shù)大約120詞左右： a.以自身為例，簡述你平時(shí)是怎樣打發(fā)課余時(shí)間的； b.你如何看待自己利用課余時(shí)間的方式； c.你的父母對你利用課余時(shí)間的態(tài)度及你的看法。 [寫作要求] 1.寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句； 2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱； 3.不必寫標(biāo)題。 [評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)] 內(nèi)容完整，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。 [參考范文] There is a great difference between the way high school students spend their free time, and the writer hopes to find a balance between studying and having fun. What worries the writer is just what we students are confused about: can our “spare time” actually mean something “spare”？ Take me for example. Every day I have just 1 hour in the afternoon to do some sports. At weekends, I usually have lots of homework assigned by teachers to finish. Even if I want to do something else, I will often be stopped by my parents. Like many other parents, they just want me to study all the time until I am admitted to a famous university. As a result, I can’t control my “spare time” on my own! Looking around at my friends, I find I’m not alone in such a situation. What a boring life for us students! I just don’t agree with my parents about their way of controlling my spare time. Yes, for us students, studying is the most important thing to do. But we can’t be separated from the outside world. Studying all the time, I’m afraid what we are learning can’t match the real world. I don’t want to depress my parents, of course; but I do think that we need to find a way to settle this problem. 能力提升練3 請閱讀下面短文，并按照要求用英語寫一篇150詞左右的文章。 (2018江蘇姜堰中學(xué)高三模擬)Tchaikovsky, a famous Russian poser of the late-Romantic period, was born on 7 May 1840 in the mountains of western Russia. He was the first Russian poser whose music made a lasting impression internationally. Tchaikovsky’s training set him on a path to bine what he had learned with the native musical practices to which he had been exposed from childhood. He first helped write a song in 1844, at an age when most children are still in kindergarten. At home, his mother sang folk songs, which helped develop his interest in music. Mozart was Tchaikovsky’s favourite poser and he influenced Tchaikovsky’s life and work. For 11 years, beginning in 1866, Tchaikovsky taught at the Moscow School of Music. During his time there, he wrote music for the piano, along with ballets, operas and symphonies. He was famous for writing the music for the ballet Swan Lake in 1876. Because of his musical talent, Tchaikovsky toured many countries as a conductor, including a voyage to the USA in 1891. He continued to write for the ballet until his death in Saint Petersburg in 1893. [寫作內(nèi)容] 1.用約30個(gè)單詞概括故事的主要內(nèi)容； 2.用約120個(gè)單詞談?wù)勛约鹤x完故事后的想法。 [寫作要求] 1.寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句； 2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱； 3.不必寫標(biāo)題。 [評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)] 內(nèi)容完整，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。 [參考范文] Tchaikovsky’s talent in music is just the first step to success. His mother, idol, hard work also play an important part in the process of his success. He is even mitted to music until death. After reading through Tchaikovsky’s life story, we can learn upwards of two lessons as follows. First, one should set a big goal and spare no effort in achieving it. Tchaikovsky’s life-long goal was to catch up with his idol Mozart, who influenced his life and work. Second, one should mit one’s whole being to work. Tchaikovsky wrote music for ten years and finally created his masterpiece, Swan Lake. When it es to mitment to work, I shall count it as a personal favour. I was once poor in math, but I swore to get it improved in my senior year, so I devoted myself to math in classroom, library and anywhere possible and made it eventually.