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第2練 冠詞 基礎(chǔ)鞏固 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．FourboysweretakinglongwalkinthewoodsnearMontignac. 2．Asyouknow，scienceplaysveryimportantroleinoureducation. 3．Tabletennisisafast，demandingsportandhasmostplayersofallsportsintheworld. 4．Alltoosoon，itwastimetoleave.IreallyenjoyedmystayinXi’an.Itisindeedworthsecondvisit. 5．Foryourgenerationtoliveinbetterworld，thereissomuchmoreourgenerationcando. 6．Takealongyourfavoritebookandrelaxonsands，orgoforawalkalongthecoastline. 7．Itwasalsoearlywayforlanguagesandculturestodevelopandbecomeinfluencedbyoneanother. 8．Theymayhavewantedtohurtyouortheyjustdon’tseethingssameway. 9．Later，herroleasQueenAmidalainStarWarsmadeherinternationalsuperstar. 10．Sometimesdreamsareterrifying，buttheyareusuallycollectionofconfusedthoughts. Ⅱ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤) 11．Astheresult，theircommunicationwithpeoplearoundthembecomeslessandless. 12．Theythinkthattakingnoteswithcellphonesinsteadofbythehandcansavetime. 13．ItoldhimIcouldnotgotothecollegebecauseIdidnotwanttostudyanymore. 14．Howareyou？TodayI’vegotawonderfulnewstotellyou. 15．Therearemanykindsofkitestochoosefrom.Soisn’titthegoodideatobuysomeforyourfriends? 16．PapercuttingisanuniqueformofChineseculturalrelics，oftenusedasadecorationforajoyfulatmosphere. 17．Inthecarparkthere，Ginanearlygotknockedoverascardroveoutfartooquicklyfrombehindalorry. 18．Nowthatyouhavesuchagoodchance，you’dbettermakebestofeveryminutetoachieveyourgoal. 19．Shemissesthegoldmedalinthehighjump，butshewillgetthesecondchanceinthelongjump. 20．Keepingadiaryisagoodhabit，bywhichyouwillmakeaverygreatprogress. 技法總結(jié) 在語法填空中 1．觀察空格后部分的中心詞是否是名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語，因為冠詞是用來修飾或限定名詞的。 2．根據(jù)語境確定空格所填的詞是表示泛指還是特指。泛指是指首次提到的、不限定的人或事物；特指則是指上文提到過的、有限定詞修飾的或說話雙方都知道的人或事物。 3．根據(jù)句子意思分析所填詞是否是冠詞活用或固定用法。抽象名詞表示具體意義時前面用不定冠詞；還要注意固定搭配或習(xí)慣用法中冠詞的用法等。 在短文改錯中 1．首先判斷名詞是否可數(shù)。不可數(shù)名詞前的不定冠詞為多余；而可數(shù)名詞前必須添加相應(yīng)的冠詞。 2．要看名詞前修飾詞的讀音。以元音音素開頭的可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞修飾詞前用不定冠詞an，以輔音音素開頭的可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞修飾詞前要用不定冠詞a。 3．要看名詞前的修飾語是否為形容詞的最高級。形容詞最高級前或表示“兩者中更……”的名詞前用定冠詞the。 4．要聯(lián)系上下文語境。上文出現(xiàn)過的詞或短語在意義上為特指，此處重復(fù)出現(xiàn)則用定冠詞；還要注意冠詞的一些習(xí)慣用法和固定短語中冠詞的用法。 能力提升 Ⅲ.閱讀理解 A GIVINGUPPERFECTION OneofthehardestlessonsIhaveeverlearntinlifeisthatwecan’tmakethingsperfect.Yousee，Iwasraisedthesamewayastherestofyou，learningstorieswithhappyendings，suchas“andtheylivedhappilyeverafter”．IgrewupknowingthatIwouldmeetwithsomeconflictsandstrugglesinlife，butIalwaysseemedtothinkthatintheendmytroubleswouldbeovercomeandthatIwouldlivehappilyeverafter. Butlifedoesn’tworklikethat.Troubles，pains，conflictsandstrugglesdon’tendatsomepointinourlives.Wedon’tgetrewardedwithaperfectlifeforbeinggood.Relationshipproblems，financialtroubles，healthissuescontinueandmustbedealtwiththroughoutourlives.Life，asitseems，isnotperfectandneverwillbe，nomatterhowhardwetrytomakeitso. Notonlyislifeimperfect，butweareaswell.Weareallhumanbeingsandweallmakemistakes.Weallhaveshortcomingsandfaultsinourpersonalities.Nomatterhowhardwetry，wewillnotbeperfect.Nomatterhowhardwetry，wewillneverfindthatperfectpersonwhowillmakeourlivesperfect. Whatcanwedothen？Whatcanwedooncewegiveuponlifebeingperfect，andourselvesbeingperfect？Well，formeatleastIcanberelaxedandjustenjoythemoment.Icanfeelpeacefulandhappywhilelivinginthemomentinsteadofworryingabout“everafter”．Icantrytoavoidthenegativefeelingsfromanger，guilt，anddepression.Relaxandenjoythiswonderfullife. 21．Theunderlinedword“that”inthesecondparagraphprobablyrefersto“”． A．troublesandpainswillneverendinone’slifetime B．onlycharactersinsomestoriescanleadahappylife C．onewilllivehappilywithouttroublesafteronegrowsup D．a(chǎn)ftersometroublesareovercome，therewillbenomore 22．Whatistheauthor’sopinion? A．Troublesarejustpartoflife. B．Aperfectlifecanbearewardtous. C．Financialproblemsinlifearetemporary. D．Peopleworkinghardcanhaveaperfectlife. 23．Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout? A．Humanbeingsareimperfect. B．Personalitiesdetermineone’slife. C．Peopleshouldimprovetheirpersonalities. D．Noonecanchangehisorherpersonality. 24．Howdoestheauthordealwithhispresentlife? A．Givingupworkinghard. B．Focusingonenjoyment. C．Tryinghardtochangehislife. D．Overcominghisshortcomings. B (2018黑龍江齊齊哈爾二模) Kidsseemtospendendlesshoursonsmartphones，computersandtabletsthesedays.Thebestthingparentscandotopreventitistoencourageyoungsterstospendmoretimeoutdoorsinthesunlight. Therehasbeenamassiverisearoundtheglobeinshortsightedness—ormyopiaasit’sofficiallyknown—overrecentdecades.Myopiaorshortsightednessisbecomingmorecommon.Lackofnaturallightseemstobethekeyissue.“Themainfactorseemstobealackofexposuretodirectsunlight，becausechildrenwhostudyalotandwhousecomputersorsmartphonesortabletcomputersalothavelessopportunitytorunaroundoutsideandarelessexposedtosunshineandbecauseofthatchildrenseemtobeatmoreriskofdevelopingshortsightedness.” ProfessorHammondsays，“Itmaybethere’snocoincidencethatinEastAsiancountries，themostmyopiconesallmayrelatetothemathsleaguetables(排名表)．Thesekidsarebeingpushedwithveryintensiveeducationfromaveryyoungageandspendalotoftimeindoorsstudyingcloseup.Thereforetheconcernisthatallclosework—likeplayingwiththeiPhone—carriesthepotentialthatitcouldmakethemmoreshortsighted.” Thebestthingtodo，saytheexperts，istogetchildrenplayingoutsideasmuchaspossible.Inaperfectworld，probablyonaverageacrosstheweekandtheweekend，twohoursadayoutdoorsisprotectiveofbecomingshortsightedinchildren.Healthydietisreallyalsoimportant—intermsofgettingoilyfish，greenvegetables，greenleafyvegetablesasmuchaspossible. “Whatweneedtolookatiswaysofmodifyingtheimpactthattheseactivitieshaveontheirvisualdevelopment.”ProfessorHammondsaid，“Thereareeyedropsandothertreatmentstoslowmyopiaprogression.Butintermsofpreventingmyopiaitself，thereisn’tanydataoutthereatthemomentintermsofthequestion，‘Couldthedropsweuseslowprogressionorstopmyopiadevelopingatall？’” 25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph2referto? A．Muchnaturallight. B．Runningaroundoutside. C．Computersorsmartphones. D．Lessexposuretosunshine. 26．WhatdoesProfessorHammondthinkofshortsightednessamongEastAsianchildren? A．Itappearsquitebychance. B．Itisnotseriousenough. C．ItlargelyrelatestoiPadoriPhone. D．Itconnectswiththeirstudypressure. 27．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph? A．Thenumberofmyopicstudentswilldecreaseinthefuture. B．Researchershavefoundmethodstoreducemyopia. C．It’sstillahardjobtocontrolthechildren’smyopia. D．Researchersneedn’tcollectanymoredataonmyopia. 28．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext? A．CommonTroublesofStudents B．ProblemsCausedbyShortsightedness C．StayingOutdoorsMoretoKeepGoodEyesight D．TheImportanceofProtectingKids Ⅳ.完形填空 Attimesmymomhasbeenuncomfortableseeingthesequalitiesinme.Forexample，whenIwas12，IwenttoPuertoRicoallbymyselftostaywithmy29forthesummer.Mymomwasextremely30aboutit.Shekepttellingmehowthingsweredifferentthere，toalwaysputonsunscreen，notto31awayfrommygrandmother，andother32.Butdespiteher33，sheletmego. AsImovedintomyteens，shecontinuedtogiveme34togrowandlearn.WhenIreachedmysenioryear，IfoundthatI35frommypeers.Whilemanyofthemwantedtobe36home，Icouldn’twaittobe37intheworldonmyown.Ihadbeenlookingforwardtothis38forlongerthanIcouldremember. And39，whilemymomwasnothappy，shewassupportive.Sure，sometimesshewouldnag(嘮叨) meaboutcertainchoicesIhadmade，butforthemostpartshedidnotstand40myway. Irealizedthatsheactuallytrustsme，which41alot.Mostofmylife，Itriedto42mymother.Iknewsheexpected43butthebestfromme.Sometimesitwas44toliveuptoherstandards：gettingasingleBonmyreportcardwouldmakemefeelbad45IknewshewantedmetohaveallA’s. Iknowthatherhighstandardshavehelpedme46onwhat’simportant，likeeducation.Iamthankfulforher47andinvolvementinmylife.SheisthestrongestwomanIknowandthat’swhyIhave48outsostrongandindependent. 29．A.friend B．grandmother C．father D．teacher 30．A.excited B．disappointed C．curious D．nervous 31．A.wander B．take C．break D．live 32．A.threats B．warnings C．questions D．charges 33．A.understanding B．trust C．worries D．consideration 34．A.time B．money C．space D．a(chǎn)dmission 35．A.differed B．separated C．learned D．heard 36．A.awayfrom B．a(chǎn)ccustomedto C．closeto D．a(chǎn)bsentfrom 37．A.out B．off C．up D．back 38．A.gift B．difference C．friendship D．chance 39．A.worsestill B．a(chǎn)boveall C．onthecontrary D．onceagain 40．A.on B．in C．below D．by 41．A.gains B．means C．improves D．changes 42．A.impress B．a(chǎn)ffect C．a(chǎn)dmire D．control 43．A.anything B．everything C．nothing D．something 44．A.easy B．impossible C．hard D．unnecessary 45．A.because B．a(chǎn)lthough C．so D．unless 46．A.count B．focus C．base D．look 47．A.selfishness B．kindness C．a(chǎn)dvice D．support 48．A.made B．worked C．came D．turned 答案解析 Ⅰ.1.a　2.a　3.the　4.a　5.a　6.the　7.an　8.the　9.an　10.a Ⅱ.11.Asresult，theircommunicationwithpeoplearoundthembecomeslessandless. 12．Theythinkthattakingnoteswithcellphonesinsteadofbythehandcansavetime. 13．ItoldhimIcouldnotgotothecollegebecauseIdidnotwanttostudyanymore. 14．Howareyou？TodayI’vegotawonderfulnewstotellyou. 15．Therearemanykindsofkitestochoosefrom.Soisn’titgoodideatobuysomeforyourfriends? 16．PapercuttingisuniqueformofChineseculturalrelics，oftenusedasadecorationforajoyfulatmosphere. 17．Inthecarparkthere，Ginanearlygotknockedoverascardroveoutfartooquicklyfrombehindalorry. 18．Nowthatyouhavesuchagoodchance，you’dbettermakebestofeveryminutetoachieveyourgoal. 19．Shemissesthegoldmedalinthehighjump，butshewillgetsecondchanceinthelongjump. 20．Keepingadiaryisagoodhabit，bywhichyouwillmakeaverygreatprogress. Ⅲ. 語篇解讀　本文是一篇議論文。作者認為盡管我們從小聽?wèi)T了故事的完美結(jié)局，但現(xiàn)實生活并非如此?，F(xiàn)實生活中會有各種麻煩給我們造成各種困擾。因此我們應(yīng)該接受并不完美的生活和不完美的自己，坦然接受生活中的各種際遇，學(xué)會享受生活。 21．D　[代詞指代題。根據(jù)語境可知，此處的代詞that指代上文的內(nèi)容，即第一段最后一句“...I always seemed to think that in the end my troubles would be overcome and that I would live happily ever after.”，由此可知，that指代的是在克服一些困難之后，生活中將不會再出現(xiàn)更多的麻煩。故選D。] 22．A　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Troubles，pains，conflicts and struggles don’t end at some point in our lives.”和“Relationship problems，financial troubles，health issues continue and must be dealt with throughout our lives.”可知，麻煩、痛苦、沖突和斗爭不會在我們生命中的某個時刻結(jié)束，人際關(guān)系問題、經(jīng)濟問題和健康問題會貫穿我們的一生。由此推知，作者認為麻煩等問題是我們生活中的一部分。故選A。] 23．A　[段落大意題。通讀第三段可知，第一句“Not only is life imperfect，but we are as well.”是其主題句；再根據(jù)其中的“make mistakes”，“have shortcomings and faults”和“we will not be perfect...we will never find that perfect person who will make our lives perfect”可知，第三段主要闡述“人無完人”這一觀點。故選A。] 24．B　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Well，for me at least I can be relaxed and just enjoy the moment.”以及最后一句“Relax and enjoy this wonderful life.”可知，作者認為應(yīng)該享受生活。由此可知，作者注重享受當(dāng)下的生活。故選B。] 語篇解讀　本文講述的是長時間在室內(nèi)玩手機或埋頭學(xué)習(xí)會導(dǎo)致青少年近視率上升，專家建議多讓孩子們參加戶外活動，有助于保護視力。 25．D　[代詞指代題。根據(jù)上文“because children who study a lot and who use computers or smartphones or tablet computers a lot have less opportunity to run around outside and are less exposed to sunshine”可知，近視的主要因素似乎是缺少陽光照射，那些學(xué)習(xí)用功、經(jīng)常使用電腦、智能手機或平板電腦的孩子很少有機會在外面四處跑動，很少接觸陽光。此處that指“很少接觸陽光”，故選D。] 26．D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“It may be there’s no coincidence that in East Asian countries，the most myopic ones all may relate to the maths league tables(排名表)．These kids are being pushed with very intensive education from a very young age and spend a lot of time indoors studying close up.”可知，哈蒙德教授認為東亞兒童的近視與他們的學(xué)習(xí)壓力有關(guān)系。故選D。] 27．C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“But in terms of preventing myopia itself，there isn’t any data out there at the moment in terms of the question，‘Could the drops we use slow progression or stop myopia developing at all？’”可知，控制孩子們的近視仍然是一項艱難的工作。故選C。] 28．C　[標題歸納題。本文在第一段點出主題：“The best thing parents can do to prevent it is to encourage youngsters to spend more time outdoors in the sunlight.”下文進行了具體介紹。故C項(多待在戶外以保持良好的視力)作為題目最合適。] Ⅳ. 語篇解讀　作者的母親一直都在為作者擔(dān)心，但是，她并沒有因為擔(dān)心而過多地干預(yù)作者的決定。相反，母親支持作者，并對作者抱有很高的期望。 29．B　[根據(jù)下文中的“not to away from my grandmother”可知我獨自去波多黎各同祖母住在一起。friend朋友；grandmother祖母；father父親；teacher老師。] 30．D　[根據(jù)空后的“She kept telling me how things were different there”及常識可知，我的母親對此非常緊張。excited激動的；disappointed 失望的；curious好奇的；nervous緊張的。] 31．A　[此處表示不要離開我的祖母。wander away from離開，是固定短語。] 32．B　[“to always put on sunscreen，not to away from my grandmother”，是母親的警告，所以and后面應(yīng)為“其他的警告”。threat威脅；warning警告；question問題；charge費用。] 33．C　[由上文“My mom was extremely about it.”可知盡管她很擔(dān)心，但是還是讓我去了。understanding理解；trust信任；worry擔(dān)心；consideration考慮。] 34．C　[進入青年時期后，她繼續(xù)給我學(xué)習(xí)和成長的空間。time時間；money金錢；space空間；admission承認，入場費。] 35．A　[由下文中的“While many of them wanted to be home，I couldn’t wait to be in the world on my own.”可知，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我和我的同齡人不同。differ不同；separate分開；learn學(xué)會；hear聽到。] 36．C　[由“I couldn’t wait to be in the world on my own.”可知，他們中的許多人想要在家附近。be away from 遠離；be accustomed to習(xí)慣于；be close to在附近；be absent from缺席。] 37．A　[我等不及想要去外面的世界看看。out外面的。] 38．D　[我期待這次機會很久了。gift禮物；difference不同；friendship友誼；chance機會。] 39．D　[再一次，我的母親雖然不高興，但還是支持我。worse still更糟的是；above all最重要的是；on the contrary正相反；once again再一次。] 40．B　[但是多半她不會阻攔我。stand in one’s way妨礙某人，是固定短語。] 41．B　[我意識到事實上她相信我，這意味著許多。gain獲得；mean意味著；improve提高；change改變。] 42．A　[我盡力給母親留下深刻印象。impress sb.給某人留下深刻印象，符合語境。affect影響；admire欽佩；control控制。] 43．C　[我知道她只是盼望我成為最好的。nothing but只是，為固定短語。] 44．C　[由空后的“getting a single B on my report card would make me feel bad I knew she wanted me to have all A’s”可知有時候做到她的標準很難。easy容易的；impossible不可能的；hard困難的；unnecessary不必要的。] 45．A　[在我的成績單上，得一個B會讓我感覺很糟糕，因為我知道她想讓我全部得A。because因為；although盡管；so所以；unless除非。] 46．B　[我知道她的高標準幫助我集中于什么是重要的。focus on集中于。] 47．D　[由上文中的“she was supportive”可知我感謝她的支持。selfishness自私；kindness仁慈；advice建議；support支持。] 48．D　[她是我所知道的最堅強的女士，那就是我為什么會變得這么堅強和獨立的原因。turn out結(jié)果是，是固定短語。]