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編號(hào)
無(wú)錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)
相關(guān)資料
題目: 打印機(jī)齒輪注塑模設(shè)計(jì)
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化專業(yè)
學(xué) 號(hào): 0923258
學(xué)生姓名: 紀(jì)明治
指導(dǎo)教師: 高漢華(職稱:副教授 )
(職稱: )
2013年5月25日
目 錄
一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開(kāi)題報(bào)告
二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文資料翻譯及原文
三、學(xué)生“畢業(yè)論文(論文)計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度、檢查及落實(shí)表”
四、實(shí)習(xí)鑒定表
無(wú)錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)
開(kāi)題報(bào)告
題目: 打印機(jī)齒輪注塑模設(shè)計(jì)
信機(jī)系 機(jī)械工程及其自動(dòng)化 專業(yè)
學(xué) 號(hào): 0923258
學(xué)生姓名: 紀(jì)明治
指導(dǎo)教師: 高漢華 (職稱:副教授 )
(職稱: )
2012年11月12日
課題來(lái)源
本課題來(lái)源于生產(chǎn)實(shí)際。
科學(xué)依據(jù)(包括課題的科學(xué)意義;國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢(shì);應(yīng)用前景等)
(1)課題科學(xué)意義及應(yīng)用前景
注塑模具是注塑生產(chǎn)必不可少的工藝裝備,是技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)品。注塑件的質(zhì)量、生產(chǎn)效率以及生產(chǎn)成本等,與模具設(shè)計(jì)和制造有直接關(guān)系。模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造技術(shù)水平的高低,是衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家產(chǎn)品制造水平高低的重要標(biāo)志之一,在很大程度上決定著產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量、效益和新產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)能力。
模具工業(yè)在我國(guó)已經(jīng)成為國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)之一。國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)如機(jī)械、電子、汽車、石油化工和建筑業(yè)等都要求模具工業(yè)的發(fā)展與之相適應(yīng)。特別是汽車、電機(jī)、電器、家電和通信等產(chǎn)品中,60%~80%的零部件都要依靠模具成形。由于沖壓工藝具有生產(chǎn)率、生產(chǎn)成本低、材料利用率高、能成形復(fù)雜零件、適合大批量生產(chǎn)等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在某些領(lǐng)域已取代機(jī)械加工,并正逐步擴(kuò)大其應(yīng)用范圍。據(jù)國(guó)際生產(chǎn)技術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)預(yù)測(cè),到本世紀(jì)中,機(jī)械零部件中60%的粗加工、80%的精加工要由模具來(lái)完成。因此,注塑技術(shù)對(duì)發(fā)展生產(chǎn)、增加效益、更新產(chǎn)品等方面具有重要作用。因此,發(fā)展注塑模具成為重中之重。這便是本人選擇注塑模具設(shè)計(jì)的理由所在。
(2)研究思路以及意義
由于該注塑模具的設(shè)計(jì)包含了產(chǎn)品的工藝分析、模具的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、零部件尺寸的計(jì)算以及大量CAD制圖任務(wù)等,可以讓人更深入的了解整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程。對(duì)即將跨入模具行業(yè)我們,能完成一個(gè)像這樣的課題,應(yīng)該很不錯(cuò)了。這個(gè)課題讓不僅增加了我們對(duì)模具設(shè)計(jì)整體的感性認(rèn)識(shí),并且充分的考驗(yàn)了我所學(xué)的知識(shí)(如大量CAD制圖技術(shù))。更重要的是通過(guò)整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì),知道了我們?cè)摳纳频牡胤剑黾恿宋覀冞M(jìn)入這個(gè)行業(yè)的信心,以便更好的適應(yīng)這個(gè)行業(yè)。
快速模具制造及快速成型技術(shù)(RP)是在近兩年內(nèi)迅速發(fā)展起來(lái)的,并向著高精度、更快捷的方向發(fā)展。與傳統(tǒng)的模具技術(shù)相比,該技術(shù)具有制模周期短、成本低的特點(diǎn),是綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)效益較顯著的模具制造技術(shù)。近年來(lái)快速模具制造嫁接了先進(jìn)的RP及NC技術(shù),有效滿足了一些高精度、高壽命模具的生產(chǎn)需求。具體新技術(shù)包括快速原型制造技術(shù)(RPM)、表面現(xiàn)象成形技術(shù)、澆鑄成型制模技術(shù)、冷擠壓及超塑成形制模技術(shù)等
研究?jī)?nèi)容
① 打印機(jī)齒輪的工藝分析的整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ),認(rèn)真分析塑件,包括塑件概況、塑件用的塑料概況、所選定注塑機(jī)的主要參數(shù)、注塑機(jī)壓力與行程、注塑成型條件,為設(shè)計(jì)做準(zhǔn)備;
②確定型腔的數(shù)目并選擇分型面,確定型腔布置方案;
③確定模具的脫模方式、澆注系統(tǒng)及項(xiàng)岀機(jī)構(gòu);
④確定調(diào)溫系統(tǒng)機(jī)構(gòu)、凹模和型芯的結(jié)構(gòu)和模具的排氣方式;
⑤根據(jù)相應(yīng)的公式計(jì)算成型零件的工作尺寸及決定模具型腔的側(cè)壁厚度、型腔底板、型腔墊板、動(dòng)模板的厚度、拼快式型腔的行腔板厚度及注塑模的閉合高度;
⑥模具總體設(shè)計(jì)及主要零部件的設(shè)計(jì),繪制模具草圖;
⑦考慮模具與注塑機(jī)的關(guān)系,計(jì)算最大注塑量、鎖模力、注射壓力、模具在注塑機(jī)上的安裝尺寸校核、開(kāi)幕行程校核等;
⑧繪制模具的裝配圖及其主要部件零件圖;
⑨復(fù)核圖紙。
擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線、實(shí)驗(yàn)方案及可行性分析
研究方法及路線:
1、通過(guò)大量查閱文獻(xiàn)資料和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,將理論和實(shí)踐結(jié)合,進(jìn)行比較分析,完成設(shè)計(jì)。
2、使用Autocad軟件進(jìn)行裝配和型腔排布,再進(jìn)行注射塑料模具、型腔、型芯滑塊等成型零件的設(shè)計(jì),最后完成二維工程三視圖。
實(shí)驗(yàn)方案:
1、設(shè)計(jì)前的準(zhǔn)備工作
1打印機(jī)齒輪分析 2注射成型過(guò)程及工藝參數(shù)
3 PA66的性能分析
4分型面位置的確定 5型腔數(shù)目的確定 6模具結(jié)構(gòu)形式的確定
2、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)
1成型部分及其零部件設(shè)計(jì)
2分型面的確定 3凹模結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 4凸模/型芯結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 5型芯壁厚設(shè)計(jì) 6其他參與成型部分的設(shè)計(jì) 7成型表面要求8成型零件材料及材性要求
3澆注系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)
1主流道設(shè)計(jì) 2分流道設(shè)計(jì) 3澆口設(shè)計(jì) 4冷料穴設(shè)計(jì)
5排溢、引氣系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)
6排溢設(shè)計(jì) 7引氣設(shè)計(jì)
8脫模機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)
4、注塑模主要尺寸設(shè)計(jì)與結(jié)構(gòu)審核及修改
1注塑模主要尺寸設(shè)計(jì)
2閉合高度及板厚 3型腔板厚度 4型腔側(cè)壁厚度 5動(dòng)模厚度
6材料選擇
7結(jié)構(gòu)審核及修改
8結(jié)構(gòu)工藝 9結(jié)構(gòu)合理性
5、校核
1模具閉合高度的校核 2強(qiáng)度的校核
可行性分析:
堅(jiān)持很好地全部閱讀指導(dǎo)教師指定的參考資料、文獻(xiàn),并閱讀了較多的自選資料和較多的外文資料,積極開(kāi)展調(diào)研論證,此外,還充分利用時(shí)間,提前學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)軟件,能夠熟練運(yùn)用CAD軟件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)、分析、加工等操作,使產(chǎn)品提前得到的方案可行性設(shè)計(jì)。
研究計(jì)劃及預(yù)期成果
研究計(jì)劃:
2012年11月12日-2012年12月2日:按照任務(wù)書(shū)要求查閱論文相關(guān)參考資料,填寫(xiě)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告書(shū)。
2012年12月3日-2013年1月6日:填寫(xiě)畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告。
2013年01月17日-2013年02月20日:制定設(shè)計(jì)方案。
2013年02月21日-2013年03月11日:進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。
2013年03月14日-2013年03月25日:繪制總裝配圖。
2013年03月28日-2013年04月01日:繪制零件圖。
2013年04月04日-2013年04月21日:編寫(xiě)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)。
2013年4月22日-2012年05月01日:修改設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容及設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)。
2013年05月02日-2013年05月25日:進(jìn)一步修改設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容及設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū),按學(xué)校要求進(jìn)行編排打印材料。
預(yù)期成果:
1、塑件件圖
2、計(jì)算相應(yīng)尺寸
3、打印機(jī)齒輪注射??傃b配圖
4、打印機(jī)齒輪注射模主要零件圖
5、編寫(xiě)說(shuō)明書(shū)
特色或創(chuàng)新之處
采用新型熱流道技術(shù),可顯著提高模具制造的生產(chǎn)效率和質(zhì)量,并能大幅度節(jié)省制件的原材料和節(jié)約能源
已具備的條件和尚需解決的問(wèn)題
① 模具設(shè)計(jì)思路已經(jīng)非常明確,已經(jīng)具備使用AutoCAD二維三維繪圖能力和模具設(shè)計(jì)方面的知識(shí)。
②擬解決的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題:模具澆口、抽心機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)、分型面的選擇、型腔與型芯的尺寸配合和精度問(wèn)題。
指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn)
指導(dǎo)教師簽名:
2012年11月30日
教研室(學(xué)科組、研究所)意見(jiàn)
教研室主任簽名:
年 月 日
系意見(jiàn)
主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名:
年 月 日
英文原文
1 Die position in industrial production
Mold is a high-volume products with the shape tool, is the main process of industrial production equipment.
采用模具生產(chǎn)零部件,具有生產(chǎn)效率高、質(zhì)量好、成本低、節(jié)約能源和原材料等一系列優(yōu)點(diǎn),用模具生產(chǎn)制件所具備的高精度、高復(fù)雜程度、高一致性、高生產(chǎn)率和低消耗,是其他加工制造方法所不能比 With mold components, with high efficiency, good quality, low cost, saving energy and raw materials and a series of advantages, with the mold workpieces possess high accuracy, high complexity, high consistency, high productivity and low consumption , other manufacturing methods can not match. 已成為當(dāng)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的重要手段和工藝發(fā)展方向。 Have already become an important means of industrial production and technological development. 現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)工The basis of the modern industrial economy. 現(xiàn)代工業(yè)品的發(fā)展和技術(shù)水平的提高,很大程度上取決于模具工業(yè)的發(fā)展水平,因此模具工業(yè)對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展將起越來(lái)越大的作用。
The development of modern industrial and technological level depends largely on the level of industrial development die, so die industry to national economic and social development will play an increasing role. 1989 年 3 月國(guó)務(wù)院頒布的《關(guān)于當(dāng)前產(chǎn)業(yè)政策要點(diǎn)的決定》中,把模具列為機(jī)械工業(yè)技術(shù)改造序列的第一位、生產(chǎn)和基本建設(shè)序列的第二位 ( 僅次于大型發(fā)電設(shè)備及相應(yīng)的輸變電設(shè)備 ) ,確立模具工業(yè)在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的重要地位。 March 1989 the State Council promulgated "on the current industrial policy decision points" in the mold as the machinery industry transformation sequence of the first, production and capital construction of the second sequence (after the large-scale power generation equipment and the corresponding power transmission equipment), establish tooling industry in an important position in the national economy. 1997 年以來(lái),又相繼把模具及其加工技術(shù)和設(shè)備列入了《當(dāng)前國(guó)家重點(diǎn)鼓勵(lì)發(fā)展的產(chǎn)業(yè)、產(chǎn)品和技術(shù)目錄》和《鼓勵(lì)外商投資產(chǎn)業(yè)目錄》。 Since 1997, they have to mold and its processing technology and equipment included in the "current national focus on encouraging the development of industries, products and technologies catalog" and "to encourage foreign investment industry directory." 經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn),從 1997 年到 2000 年,對(duì) 80 多家國(guó)有專業(yè)模具廠實(shí)行增值稅返還 70% 的優(yōu)惠政策,以扶植模具工業(yè)的發(fā)展。 Approved by the State Council, from 1997 to 2000, more than 80 professional mold factory owned 70% VAT refund of preferential policies to support mold industry. 所有這些,都充分體現(xiàn)了國(guó)務(wù)院和國(guó)家有關(guān)部門(mén)對(duì)發(fā)展模具工業(yè)的重視和支持。 All these have fully demonstrated the development of the State Council and state departments tooling industry attention and support. 目前全世界模具年產(chǎn)值約為 600 億美元,日、美等工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的模具工業(yè)產(chǎn)值已超過(guò)機(jī)床工業(yè),從 1997 年開(kāi)始,我國(guó)模具工業(yè)產(chǎn)值也超過(guò)了機(jī)床工業(yè)產(chǎn)值。 Mold around the world about the current annual output of 60 billion U.S. dollars, Japan, the United States and other industrialized countries die of industrial output value of more than machine tool industry, beginning in 1997, China's industrial output value has exceeded the mold machine tool industry output.
據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),在家電、玩具等輕工行業(yè),近 90 %的零件是綜筷具生產(chǎn)的;在飛機(jī)、汽車、農(nóng)機(jī)和無(wú)線電行業(yè),這個(gè)比例也超過(guò) 60 %。 According to statistics, home appliances, toys and other light industries, nearly 90% of the parts are integrated with production of chopsticks; in aircraft, automobiles, agricultural machinery and radio industries, the proportion exceeded 60%. 例如飛機(jī)制造業(yè),某型戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)模具使用量超過(guò)三萬(wàn)套,其中主機(jī)八千套、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)二千套、輔機(jī)二萬(wàn)套。 Such as aircraft manufacturing, the use of a certain type of fighter dies more than 30,000 units, of which the host 8000 sets, 2000 sets of engines, auxiliary 20 000 sets. 從產(chǎn)值看, 80 年代以來(lái),美、日等工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家模具行業(yè)的產(chǎn)值已超過(guò)機(jī)床行業(yè),并又有繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì)。 From the output of view, since the 80's, the United States, Japan and other industrialized countries die industry output value has exceeded the machine tool industry, and there are still rising. 據(jù)國(guó)際生產(chǎn)技術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)預(yù)測(cè),到 2000 年,產(chǎn)品盡件粗加工的 75% 、精加工的 50 %將由模具完成;金屬、塑料、陶瓷、橡膠、建材等工業(yè)制品大部分將由模具完成, 50 %以上的金屬板材、 80 %以上的塑料都特通過(guò)模具轉(zhuǎn)化成制品。 Production technology, according to the International Association predicts that in 2000, the product best pieces of rough 75%, 50% will be finished mold completed; metals, plastics, ceramics, rubber, building materials and other industrial products, most of the mold will be completed in more than 50% metal plates, more than 80% of all plastic products, especially through the mold into.
模具的歷史發(fā)展2 The historical development of mold
模具的出現(xiàn)可以追溯到幾千年前的陶器和青銅器鑄造,但其大規(guī)模使用卻是隨著現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的掘起而發(fā)展起來(lái)的。 The emergence of mold can be traced back thousands of years ago, pottery and bronze foundry, but the large-scale use is with the rise of modern industry and developed.
19 世紀(jì),隨著軍火工業(yè) ( 槍炮的彈殼 ) 、鐘表工業(yè)、無(wú)線電工業(yè)的發(fā)展,沖模得到廣泛使用。 The 19th century, with the arms industry (gun's shell), watch industry, radio industry, dies are widely used. 二次大戰(zhàn)后,隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展,它又成了大量生產(chǎn)家用電器、汽車、電子儀器、照相機(jī)、鐘表等零件的最佳方式。 After World War II, with the rapid development of world economy, it became a mass production of household appliances, automobiles, electronic equipment, cameras, watches and other parts the best way. 從世界范圍看,當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)的沖壓技術(shù)走在前列——許多模具先進(jìn)技術(shù),如簡(jiǎn)易模具、高效率模具、高壽命模具和沖壓自動(dòng)化技術(shù),大多起源于美國(guó);而瑞士的精沖、德國(guó)的冷擠壓技術(shù),蘇聯(lián)對(duì)塑性加工的研究也處于世界先進(jìn)行列。 From a global perspective, when the United States in the forefront of stamping technology - many die of advanced technologies, such as simple mold, high efficiency, mold, die and stamping the high life automation, mostly originated in the United States; and Switzerland, fine blanking, cold in Germany extrusion technology, plastic processing of the Soviet Union are at the world advanced. 50 年代,模具行業(yè)工作重點(diǎn)是根據(jù)訂戶的要求,制作能滿足產(chǎn)品要求的模具。 50's, mold industry focus is based on subscriber demand, production can meet the product requirements of the mold. 模具設(shè)計(jì)多憑經(jīng)驗(yàn),參考已有圖紙和感性認(rèn)識(shí),對(duì)所設(shè)計(jì)模具零件的機(jī)能缺乏真切了解。 Multi-die design rule of thumb, reference has been drawing and perceptual knowledge, on the design of mold parts of a lack of real understanding of function. 從 1955 年到 1965 年,是壓力加工的探索和開(kāi)發(fā)時(shí)代——對(duì)模具主要零部件的機(jī)能和受力狀態(tài)進(jìn)行了數(shù)學(xué)分橋,并把這些知識(shí)不斷應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際,使得沖壓技術(shù)在各方面有飛躍的發(fā)展。 From 1955 to 1965, is the pressure processing of exploration and development of the times - the main components of the mold and the stress state of the function of a mathematical sub-bridge, and to continue to apply to on-site practical knowledge to make stamping technology in all aspects of a leap in development. 其結(jié)果是歸納出模具設(shè)計(jì)原則,并使得壓力機(jī)械、沖壓材料、加工方法、梅具結(jié)構(gòu)、模具材料、模具制造方法、自動(dòng)化裝置等領(lǐng)域面貌一新,并向?qū)嵱没姆较蛲七M(jìn),從而使沖壓加工從儀能生產(chǎn)優(yōu)良產(chǎn)品的第一階段。 The result is summarized mold design principles, and makes the pressure machine, stamping materials, processing methods, plum with a structure, mold materials, mold manufacturing method, the field of automation devices, a new look to the practical direction of advance, so that pressing processing apparatus capable of producing quality products from the first stage.
進(jìn)入 70 年代向高速化、啟動(dòng)化、精密化、安全化發(fā)展的第二階段。 Into the 70's to high speed, launch technology, precision, security, development of the second stage. 在這個(gè)過(guò)程中不斷涌現(xiàn)各種高效率、商壽命、高精度助多功能自動(dòng)校具。 Continue to emerge in this process a variety of high efficiency, business life, high-precision multi-functional automatic school to help with. 其代表是多達(dá)別多個(gè)工位的級(jí)進(jìn)模和十幾個(gè)工位的多工位傳遞模。 Represented by the number of working places as much as other progressive die and dozens of multi-station transfer station module. 在此基礎(chǔ)上又發(fā)展出既有連續(xù)沖壓工位又有多滑塊成形工位的壓力機(jī)—彎曲機(jī)。 On this basis, has developed both a continuous pressing station there are more slide forming station of the press - bending machine. 在此期間,日本站到了世界最前列——其模具加工精度進(jìn)入了微米級(jí),模具壽命,合金工具鋼制造的模具達(dá)到了幾千萬(wàn)次,硬質(zhì)合金鋼制造的模具達(dá)到了幾億次 p 每分鐘沖壓次數(shù),小型壓力機(jī)通常為 200 至 300 次,最高為 1200 次至 1500 次。 In the meantime, the Japanese stand to the world's largest - the mold into the micron-level precision, die life, alloy tool steel mold has reached tens of millions of times, carbide steel mold to each of hundreds of millions of times p minutes for stamping the number of small presses usually 200 to 300, up to 1200 times to 1500 times. 在此期間,為了適應(yīng)產(chǎn)品更新快、用期短 ( 如汽車改型、玩具翻新等 ) 的需要,各種經(jīng)濟(jì)型模具,如鋅落合金模具、聚氨酯橡膠模具、鋼皮沖模等也得到了很大發(fā)展。 In the meantime, in order to meet product updates quickly, with the short duration (such as cars modified, refurbished toys, etc.) need a variety of economic-type mold, such as zinc alloy die down, polyurethane rubber mold, die steel skin, also has been very great development.
從 70 年代中期至今可以說(shuō)是計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)、輔助制造技術(shù)不斷發(fā)展的時(shí)代。 From the mid-70s so far can be said that computer-aided design, supporting the continuous development of manufacturing technology of the times. 隨著模具加工精度與復(fù)雜性不斷提高,生產(chǎn)周期不斷加快,模具業(yè)對(duì)設(shè)備和人員素質(zhì)的要求也不斷提高。 With the precision and complexity of mold rising, accelerating the production cycle, the mold industry, the quality of equipment and personnel are required to improve. 依靠普通加工設(shè)備,憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)和手藝越來(lái)越不能滿足模具生產(chǎn)的需要。 Rely on common processing equipment, their experience and skills can not meet the needs of mold. 90 年代以來(lái),機(jī)械技術(shù)和電子技術(shù)緊密結(jié)合,發(fā)展了 NC 機(jī)床,如數(shù)控線切割機(jī)床、數(shù)控電火花機(jī)床、數(shù)控銑床、數(shù)控坐標(biāo)磨床等。 Since the 90's, mechanical and electronic technologies in close connection with the development of NC machine tools, such as CNC wire cutting machine, CNC EDM, CNC milling, CNC coordinate grinding machine and so on. 而采用電子計(jì)算機(jī)自動(dòng)編程、控制的 cNc 機(jī)床提高了數(shù)控機(jī)床的使用效率和范圍。 The use of computer automatic programming, control CNC machine tools to improve the efficiency in the use and scope. 近年來(lái)又發(fā)展出由一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)以分時(shí)的方式直接管理和控制一群數(shù)控機(jī)床的 nNc 系統(tǒng)。 In recent years, has developed a computer to time-sharing by the way a group of direct management and control of CNC machine tools NNC system.
隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,計(jì)算機(jī)也逐步進(jìn)入模具生產(chǎn)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域,包括設(shè)計(jì)、制造、管理等。 With the development of computer technology, computers have gradually into the mold in all areas, including design, manufacturing and management. 國(guó)際生產(chǎn)研究協(xié)會(huì)預(yù)測(cè),到 2000 年,作為設(shè)計(jì)和制造之間聯(lián)系手段的圖紙將失去其主要作用。 International Association for the Study of production forecasts to 2000, as a means of links between design and manufacturing drawings will lose its primary role. 模具自動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)的最根本點(diǎn)是必須確立模具零件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 Automatic Design of die most fundamental point is to establish the mold standard and design standards. 要擺脫過(guò)去以人的思考判斷和實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)為中心所組成的設(shè)計(jì)方法,就必須把過(guò)去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和思考方法,進(jìn)行系列化、數(shù)值化、數(shù)式化,作為設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則儲(chǔ)存到計(jì)算機(jī)中。 To get rid of the people of the past, and practical experience to judge the composition of the design center, we must take past experiences and ways of thinking, for series, numerical value, the number of type-based, as the design criteria to the computer store. 因?yàn)槟>邩?gòu)成元件也干差萬(wàn)別,要搞出一個(gè)能適應(yīng)各種零件的設(shè)計(jì)軟件幾乎不可能。 Components are dry because of mold constitutes a million other differences, to come up with a can adapt to various parts of the design software almost impossible. 但是有些產(chǎn)品的零件形狀變化不大,模具結(jié)構(gòu)有一定的規(guī)律,放可總結(jié)歸納,為自動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)提供軟件。 But some products do not change the shape of parts, mold structure has certain rules, can be summed up for the automatic design of software. 如日本某公司的 CDM 系統(tǒng)用于級(jí)進(jìn)模設(shè)計(jì)與制造,其中包括零件圖形輸入、毛坯展開(kāi)、條料排樣、確定模板尺寸和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、繪制裝配圖和零件圖、輸出 NC 程序 ( 為數(shù)控加工中心和線切割編程 ) 等,所用時(shí)間由手工的 20% 、工時(shí)減少到 35 小時(shí);從 80 年代初日本就將三維的 cad / cam 系統(tǒng)用于汽車覆蓋件模具。 If a Japanese company's CDM system for progressive die design and manufacturing, including the importation of parts of the figure, rough start, strip layout, determine the size and standard templates, assembly drawing and parts, the output NC program (for CNC machining Center and line cutting program), etc., used in 20% of the time by hand, reduce their working hours to 35 hours; from Japan in the early 80s will be three-dimensional cad / cam system for automotive panel die. 目前,在實(shí)體件的掃描輸入,圖線和數(shù)據(jù)輸入,幾何造形、顯示、繪圖、標(biāo)注以及對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的自動(dòng)編程,產(chǎn)生效控機(jī)床控制系統(tǒng)的后置處理文件等方面已達(dá)到較高水平;計(jì)算機(jī)仿真 (CAE) 技術(shù)也取得了一定成果。 Currently, the physical parts scanning input, map lines and data input, geometric form, display, graphics, annotations and the data is automatically programmed, resulting in effective control machine tool control system of post-processing documents have reached a high level; computer Simulation (CAE) technology has made some achievements. 在高層次上, CAD / CAM / CAE 集成的,即數(shù)據(jù)是統(tǒng)一的,可以互相直接傳輸信息. At high levels, CAD / CAM / CAE integration, that data is integrated, can transmit information directly with each other. 實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化。 Achieve network. 目前. Present. 國(guó)外僅有少數(shù)廠家能夠做到。 Only a few foreign manufacturers can do it.
3 China's mold industry and its development trend
模具工業(yè)現(xiàn)狀 Die & Mould Industry Status
由于歷史原因形成的封閉式、“ 大 而全” 的 企業(yè)特征,我國(guó)大部分企業(yè)均設(shè)有模具車間,處于本廠的配套地位,自 70 年代末才有了模具工業(yè)化和生產(chǎn)專業(yè)化這個(gè)概念。 Due to historical reasons for the formation of closed, "big and complete" enterprise features, most enterprises in China are equipped with mold workshop, in factory matching status since the late 70s have a mold the concept of industrialization and specialization of production. 生產(chǎn)效率不高,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益較差。 Production efficiency is not high, poor economic returns. 模具行業(yè)的生產(chǎn)小而散亂,跨行業(yè)、投資密集,專業(yè)化、商品化和技術(shù)管理水平都比較低。 Mold production industry is small and scattered, cross-industry, capital-intensive, professional, commercial and technical management level are relatively low.
據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì),全國(guó)現(xiàn)有模具專業(yè)生產(chǎn)廠、產(chǎn)品廠配套的模具車間(分廠)近17000家,約60萬(wàn)從業(yè)人員,年模具總產(chǎn)值達(dá)200億元人民幣。 According to incomplete statistics, there are now specialized in manufacturing mold, the product supporting mold factory workshop (factory) near 17 000, about 600 000 employees, annual output value reached 20 billion yuan mold. 但是,我國(guó)模具工業(yè)現(xiàn)有能力只能滿足需求量的60%左右,還不能適應(yīng)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要。 However, the existing capacity of the mold and die industry can only meet the demand of 60%, still can not meet the needs of national economic development. 目前,國(guó)內(nèi)需要的大型、精密、復(fù)雜和長(zhǎng)壽命的模具還主要依靠進(jìn)口。 At present, the domestic needs of large, sophisticated, complex and long life of the mold also rely mainly on imports. 據(jù)海關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì),1997年進(jìn)口模具價(jià)值6.3億美元,這還不包括隨設(shè)備一起進(jìn)口的模具;1997年出口模具僅為7800萬(wàn)美元。 According to customs statistics, in 1997 630 million U.S. dollars worth of imports mold, not including the import of mold together with the equipment; in 1997 only 78 million U.S. dollars export mold. 目前我國(guó)模具工業(yè)的技術(shù)水平和制造能力,是我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)中的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)和制約經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)發(fā)展的瓶頸。 At present the technological level of China Die & Mould Industry and manufacturing capacity, China's national economy in the weak links and bottlenecks constraining sustainable economic development.
1、模具工業(yè)產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)狀 3.1 Research on the Structure of industrial products mold
按照中國(guó)模具工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)的劃分,我國(guó)模具基本分為10大類,其中,沖壓模和塑料成型模兩大類占主要部分。 In accordance with the division of China Mould Industry Association, China mold is divided into 10 basic categories, which, stamping die and plastic molding two categories accounted for the main part. 按產(chǎn)值計(jì)算,目前我國(guó)沖壓模占50%左右,塑料成形模約占20%,拉絲模(工具)約占10%,而世界上發(fā)達(dá)工業(yè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的塑料成形模比例一般占全部模具產(chǎn)值的40%以上。 Calculated by output, present, China accounts for about 50% die stamping, plastic molding die about 20%, Wire Drawing Die (Tool) about 10% of the world's advanced industrial countries and regions, the proportion of plastic forming die die general of the total output value 40%.
我國(guó)沖壓模大多為簡(jiǎn)單模、單工序模和符合模等,精沖模,精密多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模還為數(shù)不多,模具平均壽命不足100萬(wàn)次,模具最高壽命達(dá)到1億次以上,精度達(dá)到3~5um,有50個(gè)以上的級(jí)進(jìn)工位,與國(guó)際上最高模具壽命6億次,平均模具壽命5000萬(wàn)次相比,處于80年代中期國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平。 Most of our stamping die mold for the simple, single-process mode and meet the molds, precision die, precision multi-position progressive die is also one of the few, die less than 100 million times the average life of the mold reached 100 million times the maximum life of more than accuracy 3 ~ 5um, more than 50 progressive station, and the international life of the die 600 million times the highest average life of the die 50 million times compared to the mid 80s at the international advanced level.
我國(guó)的塑料成形模具設(shè)計(jì),制作技術(shù)起步較晚,整體水平還較低。 China's plastic molding mold design, production technology started relatively late, the overall level of low. 目前單型腔,簡(jiǎn)單型腔的模具達(dá)70%以上,仍占主導(dǎo)地位。 Currently a single cavity, a simple mold cavity 70%, and still dominant. 一模多腔精密復(fù)雜的塑料注射模,多色塑料注射模已經(jīng)能初步設(shè)計(jì)和制造。A sophisticated multi-cavity mold plastic injection mold, plastic injection mold has been able to multi-color preliminary design and manufacturing. 模具平均壽命約為80萬(wàn)次左右,主要差距是模具零件變形大、溢邊毛刺大、表面質(zhì)量差、模具型腔沖蝕和腐蝕嚴(yán)重、模具排氣不暢和型腔易損等,注射模精度已達(dá)到5um以下,最高壽命已突破2000萬(wàn)次,型腔數(shù)量已超過(guò)100腔,達(dá)到了80年代中期至90年代初期的國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平。 Mould is about 80 million times the average life span is about, the main difference is the large deformation of mold components, excess burr side of a large, poor surface quality, erosion and corrosion serious mold cavity, the mold cavity exhaust poor and vulnerable such as, injection mold 5um accuracy has reached below the highest life expectancy has exceeded 20 million times, the number has more than 100 chamber cavity, reaching the mid 80s to early 90s the international advanced level.
2、模具工業(yè)技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)狀 3.2 mold Present Status of Technology
我國(guó)模具工業(yè)目前技術(shù)水平參差不齊,懸殊較大。 Technical level of China's mold industry currently uneven, with wide disparities. 從總體上來(lái)講,與發(fā)達(dá)工業(yè)國(guó)家及港臺(tái)地區(qū)先進(jìn)水平相比,還有較大的差距。 Generally speaking, with the developed industrial countries, Hong Kong and Taiwan advanced level, there is a large gap.
在采用CAD/CAM/CAE/CAPP等技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)與制造模具方面,無(wú)論是應(yīng)用的廣泛性,還是技術(shù)水平上都存在很大的差距。 The use of CAD / CAM / CAE / CAPP and other technical design and manufacture molds, both wide application, or technical level, there is a big gap between both. 在應(yīng)用CAD技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)模具方面,僅有約10%的模具在設(shè)計(jì)中采用了CAD,距拋開(kāi)繪圖板還有漫長(zhǎng)的一段路要走;在應(yīng)用CAE進(jìn)行模具方案設(shè)計(jì)和分析計(jì)算方面,也才剛剛起步,大多還處于試用和動(dòng)畫(huà)游戲階段;在應(yīng)用CAM技術(shù)制造模具方面,一是缺乏先進(jìn)適用的制造裝備,二是現(xiàn)有的工藝設(shè)備(包括近10多年來(lái)引進(jìn)的先進(jìn)設(shè)備)或因計(jì)算機(jī)制式(IBM微機(jī)及其兼容機(jī)、HP工作站等)不同,或因字節(jié)差異、運(yùn)算速度差異、抗電磁干擾