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摘 要
花生聯(lián)合收割機(jī)是一種能夠同時(shí)完成花生的分扶蔓條，起耕、蔬果、碎土、輸藤、精選、輸果、收集等作業(yè)并獲得比較清潔花生果實(shí)的機(jī)械。一般由撿拾器、螺旋進(jìn)料器、割刀、篩子、清理風(fēng)機(jī)、運(yùn)輸、傳動(dòng)、行走裝置、糧箱和操縱機(jī)構(gòu)等組成?；ㄉ?lián)合收割機(jī)應(yīng)該滿足如下農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)要求：整機(jī)的總損失一般不得超過(guò)谷?？偸斋@量的3%；谷粒清洗后的清潔率應(yīng)高于96%以上；莢果破損率小于1%-2%。
齒輪箱是花生聯(lián)合收割機(jī)的傳動(dòng)部件，它的作用是將手扶拖拉機(jī)柴油機(jī)的動(dòng)力變向輸送到莢藤器和水平輸送到篩子，而莢藤器和篩子分別起到輸送果蔓，清選莢果的作用，所以齒輪箱對(duì)分離和清選工作有很大的影響。
影響齒輪箱結(jié)構(gòu)的三個(gè)最主要因素是：
（1） 機(jī)械設(shè)備的空間布置；
（2） 所需的輸入和輸出軸之間的傳動(dòng)比；
（3） 轉(zhuǎn)矩（功率和轉(zhuǎn)速的組合）
掛接機(jī)構(gòu)是將東風(fēng)-12手扶拖拉機(jī)和花生聯(lián)合收割機(jī)相連接的部件，它起到了紐帶作用，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了花生聯(lián)合收割機(jī)與手扶拖拉機(jī)的同步行走，保證了聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)作業(yè)的順利完成。
鏟高調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)是調(diào)節(jié)挖掘鏟高度的裝置，它的主要組成部件有：固定板、卡盤、閘把桿、卡銷、彈簧、卡銷拉桿、捏手、把手等。鏟高調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)的技術(shù)要求為：捏手可移動(dòng)距離為大于20mm，閘把桿可挑范圍為75°?？ㄤN拉桿的調(diào)節(jié)是通過(guò)捏手來(lái)完成的。首先，操作者通過(guò)把手和捏手來(lái)拉動(dòng)卡銷拉桿，壓縮彈簧，從而拉動(dòng)與卡銷拉桿相連的拉桿。拉桿被拉到卡盤卡槽外后，閘把桿便可以任意調(diào)節(jié)其傾角，以達(dá)到預(yù)期角度。達(dá)到預(yù)期角度后，松開(kāi)捏手，彈簧復(fù)位，從而拉回卡銷拉桿，卡銷進(jìn)入預(yù)定卡槽，對(duì)閘把桿的調(diào)節(jié)工作便完成了。
關(guān)鍵詞：花生；花生聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)；齒輪箱；掛接機(jī)構(gòu)；鏟高調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)
ABSTRACT
The peanut combine is one kind can simultaneously complete peanut the minute to hold the vine strip、gets up ploughs、comb the fruit、thegarrulous earth、loses the cane、fruit、collection work and so on selects,loses and obtains the quite clean peanut fruit the machinery. Generally by picks ascending, the screw feeder、the cutter、screen、cleans up the air blower、the transportation、the transmission、walks the installment, the grain box, and the control mechanism and so on is composed. The peanut combine should satisfy the following agricultural technology request: The entire machine total losses generally do not have to surpass the kernel total harvest yield 3%; pure choose of sweep a rate should be above 96% in height; Pod fruit damaging rate is smaller than 1%-2%.
The gear box is the peanut combine transmission part, its role is changes the walking tractor diesel engine power to transports to clamps the rattan ware and the level transports screen, but clamps the rattan ware and screen separately plays the transportation fruit vine, clear chooses the pod fruit the function, therefore said the gear box to separates with clear chooses the work to have the very tremendous influence.
The influence gear box structure three most primary factors are :
(1) mechanical device spatial arrangement;
(2) ransmission between the input and output shaft ratio
(3) torque (power and speed combination)
Hitch mechanism is will the east wind-12 and walking tractor and combine peanuts connected components, it had bond effect, thus fulfilling the peanuts combined harvesters and walking tractor synchronous walk, ensure the united harvest machine work successfully completed.
Shovel high adjusting mechanism is to adjust the height of the device digging shovel, its main components are: fixed board, chuck, brake stem, card pin, spring, card pin bars, knead hand, handles, etc. Shovel high adjusting mechanism of technical requirements for: pinch hand can move distance to more than 20 mm, brake rod can pick the scope for 75 °. Card pin bars of control is through the pinch hand to finish. First of all, the operator through his hands and knead hand to drive the card pin bars, compression spring, and pull the lever and card pin connected rods. Bars is pulled to chuck the card slot, brake and the rod can adjust arbitrarily the dip Angle, is expected to reach Angle. To achieve the expected after Angle, loosen knead hand, spring return, and back to the card pin bars, card pin into the reservation card slot, the adjustment of the stem of the work is complete.
Key word: Peanuts; Peanuts united harvest machine; Gear box; Hitch mechanism; Shovel high adjusting mechanism