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2019中考英語語法精講精練 介詞 一、提分關(guān)鍵 1. 時間介詞 （1）in, after in＋時間段，用于將來時，表示從現(xiàn)在算起“過……后”。He will come back in an hour. after＋時間段，＝段時間＋later，用于過去時，表示“在……以后”。 After an hour，he came back.＝An hour later, he came back. after＋起點或截止時間，用于將來時或過去時，表示“在……以后”。 He will come back after 5 oclock.I stayed at home after lunch today. （2）before before＋起點或截止時間，用于將來時或過去時，表示“在……以前”。 He will come to visit us again before May.We set off before daybreak. 時間段＋ago，表示從現(xiàn)在算起“在……以前”。I began to learn English 8 years ago. （3）in, on, at in＋一段時間，主要表達周、月、季節(jié)、年代；泛指上午、下午、晚上。 on主要表示具體的某一天，也可表示某一天的某個時候。 at＋具體鐘點，表示某一時刻。 注意以下固定搭配：at lunch/supper/breakfast；at night；at midnight；at noon；at present；at that time；at the moment；at last；at the same time；at times；at the end of；in the end；at the beginning of；in the beginning；at the age of；on the morning of April 2nd；on a winter afternoon；on a rainy morning；on a cold night；on New Years eve等。 （4）for, since 表時間的區(qū)別 for＋一段時間 since＋起點時間/句子 The boy has been in China for a week. ＝The boy has been in China since a week ago. ＝The boy has been here since he came to China last week. 2. 地點和方位介詞 （1）above, over, on 在……上面 under, below在……下面 above在……上方(與物體表面不接觸) over在……正上方(與物體表面不接觸) on在……上面(與物體表面接觸) under在……下方(與物體表面不接觸) below在……下方(一般表示抽象概念) （2）through, across, past穿過 through縱穿(從空間內(nèi)穿過)。through the door/window/forest等 across橫穿(從表面過，往往是橫過)。across the street/road/river/bridge等 past 經(jīng)過。When I was walking past the hospital, I saw a woman crying loudly. （3）among, between 　among在(三者或三者以上)之間；between在(兩者)之間。常用詞組：between...and... （4）in, on, to in表示在范圍之內(nèi)(屬于該范圍)；on表示范圍外，且與某一地區(qū)接壤； to表示范圍外，且不接壤，相離，隔海相望。 如：Guangdong is in the south of China.(廣東屬于中國) Guangdong is on the south of Hunan.(廣東與湖南毗鄰，且接壤) Japan is to the east of China.(日本與中國隔海相望) （5）表方位的介詞 on, in, behind, after on表示在左邊、右邊或者旁邊，on the side of; in表示在里邊； behind 在后邊；after 表示順序。 （6）in front of與in the front of in front of在外前面　in/at the front of 在內(nèi)前部 3. 方式介詞 （1）表交通by, in, on 用by時，表方式，交通工具前不用任何修飾詞。如：by air/plane/ship/sea/bike/train/bus/car等。 用in或on時，交通工具為具體實物，其前應(yīng)有修飾語。如：on the bus, on an early train, on a plane, on the ship, on a horse, on the bike, in my car等。 on foot是固定搭配。 （2）表手段、工具 by, in, with, on 用by時，工具前不用任何修飾詞，by也可接doing。如：by hand/accident/mistake等。 by selling newspapers/reading aloud等。 用with時，工具為具體實物，其符合名詞的出現(xiàn)形式。如：with a pen, with ears, with my nose, with(our)hands, with a rope等。 in＋語言、材料等。如：in English, in pencil, in ink等。 on＋電器、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等。如：on the computer/the radio/TV/the phone/the Internet等。 注意以下固定搭配： agree with同意　　arrive at/in 到達　at once 立刻 on time 按時，準時 in time及時 be angry with 生……的氣 be good at/do well in 擅長于 be interested in 對……感興趣 be late for 遲到　 belong to 屬于 be strict with 對……嚴格 by the way 順便說　 on ones way to在去……的路上 catch up with趕上 cheer up 使……高興　 come up with 提出 depend on依靠 be different from 與……不同 fall off 掉下來 get along/on with 與……相處 hear of 聽說　 hear from 收到……來信 help with幫助 in public 在公共場合　 in trouble 處于困境中　 in silence 默默地 in surprise驚奇地　　 in time 及時　　 learn from 向……學(xué)習(xí) laugh at嘲笑　　 make friends with 與……交朋友　 regard...as 把……當作 to ones surprise 使……驚奇的是　 with a smile 微笑著 二、典型例題 熱點方向1：時間介詞 1. ---When is Jay’s concert? ---It’s ________three o’clock ________the afternoon of July 18th. A．a(chǎn)t; in B. at; on C. on; in D. in; on 2. I had too much work to do last night. I didn’t go to bed ________11 o’clock. A． in B. until C. for 3. ----How long have you lived in the new flat? ---_________xx. A. In B. After C. Since D. Before 熱點方向2：地點介詞 4. Sandy is a real book lover and she often brings home many books to read ________the library. A. in B. for C. by D. from 5. Mrs. King put a coat _________the sleeping girl to keep her warm. A. over B. with C. behind D. beside 6. ---Excuse me. Could you tell me the way to the People’s Hospital? ---Walk along this street _______ the end and you will find it on your left. A. in B. to C. by D. at 熱點方向3：方式介詞 7. The man makes a living __________painting. A. without B. with C. by 熱點方向4：固定搭配 8. ----What’s your teacher like? ----She is always strict __________us. A. in B. with C. to 9. –Do you know Mo Yan? ---Of course. He won the xx Nobel Prize for Literature _______the age of 57. A. in B. at C. on D. to 10. The chemicals in the vegetables are bad __________our health. A. from B. with C. of D. for 11. John often asks his teacher ________help. A. to B. with C. for D. on 12. –Mary, does your brother get _________work by bus? ----No, he rides a bike. Sometimes he walks. A. in B. on C. to D. for 中考命題大預(yù)測 1. We should do something to stop the forest _________being cut down. A. from B. in C. by D. with 2. You don’t need to look ________ every new word in your dictionary. A. for B. at C. after D. up 3. The engineer will return from Macao __________ a few days. A. since B. in C. on D. after 4. ________the morning of May 1st , we all visited the old people’s home. A. In B. On C. At D. To 5. We are __________building a new zoo in our town because we think animals should live in the mountain forests. A. in B. on C. for D. against 6. My classmate, Ma Shuhan is good ________English and math. A. to B. for C. at D. with 7. Doing more exercise is good ____________your health. A. to B. for C. at D. with 8. My English teacher is good __________me. A. to B. for C. at D. with 9.---What kind of tea do you like? --- I’d like Chinese tea __________nothing in it. A. with B. in C. on D. for 10. Don’t read _______bed. It’s bad ______ your eyes. A. on; of B. on; to C. in; for D. at; for 11. –How is it going? -- Thanks _______the weather, the crops grow well. A. to B. for C. at D. with 12.Jack has studied Chinese in this school __________ the year of 2000. A. since B. in C. on D. by 13. Is the street too narrow for the bus to go__________? A. through B. across C. with D. under 14. We are doing much better ________English _______out teacher’s help. A. in; at B. at; in C. in; with D. with; with 15. The twins got on well __________their classmates. A. to B. in C. with D. about 16. It’s impolite to laugh __________people when they are _________trouble. A. over; in B. at; in C. in; at D. at; for 鞏固練習(xí) 1 ( ) 1 Children get gifts ____ Christmas and ____ their birthdays. A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on ( ) 2 -There is nothing ____tomorrow afternoon, is there? -No. We can have a game of table tennis. A. on B. in C. out D. up ( ) 3 A lot of students in our school were born ____ March, 1981. A. in B. at C. on D. since ( ) 4 tie suddenly returned____ a rainy night. A. on B. at C. in D. during ( ) 5 My grandfather was born ____ Oct. 10, 1935. A. on B. in C. at D. of ( ) 6 The train is starting __ _five minutes. A. in B. at C. for D. still ( ) 7 Mike does his exercises ____ seven _____ the evening. A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on 2 ( ) 1 The population of the world has grown very fast ____ four hundred years. A. for past the B. in the pass C. in the past D. for past ( ) 2 We returned to our hometown___. A. next week B. in the last week C. last week D. for a week ( ) 3 Great changes have taken place___. A. in the last few year B. in the last few years C. last year D. on the last year 3 ( ) 1 Children wake up very early ____the morning of Christmas Day. A. in B. on C. for D. at ( ) 2 ____ a cold winter morning, I met her in the street. A. In B. On C. At D. For ( ) 3 It happened to be very cold____ the morning of our sports meet. A. at B. on C. with D. of ( ) 4 Why did you get up so early ___ this morning. A. on B. / C. at D. in 4 ( ) 1 Tom sits ____the classroom while John sits ____the room. A. in front of; at back of B. in the front of; at the back of C. in front of; at the back of D. in the front of; at back of ( ) 2 Lucy sits____ the third row, ____Jim‘s left. A. on; on B. in; at C. at; in D. in; on ( ) 3 Jiangsu is___ the east of China, but Japan is ___ the east of China. A. to; in B. in; to . C. on; to D. to; on 5 ( ) 1. -Can I look up a word____ your dictionary? -I haven‘t got _ ___me. A. into; about B. in; with C. at; in D. on; on ( ) 2 1 like moon cakes ____ meat ____ them. A. in; on B. with; on C. in; the D. with; in ( ) 3 When you are ___ trouble please ask help ___ us. A. in; from B. in; for C. on; from D. on; of ( ) 4 The shopkeeper said they had sold out the shoes____ your size. A. about B. in C. to D. of ( ) 5 I saw him ___hurry at the moment. A. in a B. in C. on D. on a 6 ( ) 1 He put up a map ___ the back wall because there was a hole ___ it. A. on; on B. at; in C. on; in D. on; at ( ) 2 There is a door___ the wall. t a ^nc A. on B. to C. of D. in ( ) 3 This kind of VCD is made____ China. . A. in B. from C. at D. on ( ) 4 Any man ___ eyes______ his head can see that he‘s exactly like a rope. A. with; on B. with; in C. on; with D. in; with 7 ( ) 1 There are some birds singing___ the trees. A. in B. on C. at D. from ( ) 2 Don‘t read ____ the sun. It‘s bad ___ your eyes. A. in; for B. in; for C. with; to D. in; on ( ) 3 The woman____ a blue dress is my teacher. A. in B. on C. of D. at ( ) 4 There are so many apples___ that tree. A. in B, on C. at , D. from 8 ( ) 1 The boat is passing___ the bridge. A. through B. below C. under D. across ( ) 2 Two planes are flying___ the city. A. through B. over , C. on , D, below ( ) 3 We can see a river running to the east____ the hill. A. under B. below C. over D. on ( ) 4 Do you see the kite ___ the building. A. over B. cross C. on D. above 9 ( ) 1 The United States is ____ the south of Canada and ___ the east of Japan. A. to; in B. on; to C. in; beside D. at; on ( ) 2 My hometown lies___ the city. ___ I often go to the city by bike. A. 50 miles in the east; However B. to the east 40 miles of; But C. in the east 45 miles from; But D. 35 miles east of; However ( ) 3 The man stood ____the window, watching the boys playing outside. A. in B. by C. with D. to ( ) 4 Japan lies____ the east of China. A. on B/ to C. in D. with 10 ( ) 1 Is the street too narrow for the bus to go ___? A. through B. across C. on D. in ( ) 2 A mother camel was walking ___ her son ___ the desert. A. without; along B. with; through C. next to; pass D. beside; through ( ) 3 The river runs____ the city. A. across B. through C. over D. from ( ) 4 It took us over an hour to walk____ this street. A. from B. through C. over D. across  參考答案 熱點方向1 1-3 BBC 熱點方向2 4-7 DABC 熱點方向3 8-12 BBDCC 中考命題大預(yù)測 1-5 ADBBD 6-10 CBAAC 11-16 AAACCB 鞏固練習(xí) 1 1-5 BAAAA 6-7 AB 2 1-3 CCB 3 1-4 BBBB 4 1-3 BDB 5 1-5 BDABA 6 1-4 CDAB 7 1-4 ABAB 8 1-4 CBBA 9 1-4 BDBB 10 1-4 ABBB