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考點(diǎn)27 時(shí)間狀語從句 高考頻度：★★★★★ 考向一 when/while/as引導(dǎo)的定語從句 一、when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 1. when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，其動詞既可以是延續(xù)性動作的動詞，也可以是瞬間性動作的動詞，而且可以表示主句的動作和從句的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或者從句的動作發(fā)生在主句的動作之前。 When you apply for a job, you must present your credentials. 當(dāng)你申請工作時(shí)，你必須遞交你的有關(guān)證件。（同時(shí)） When the students heard the teacher’s footsteps, they all atopped talking. 當(dāng)學(xué)生們聽到老師的腳步聲時(shí)，他們都停止了講話。（從句動作發(fā)生在前） 2. when還可表示just then（正在那時(shí)，突然）的意思，此時(shí)其所引導(dǎo)的從句只放在主句之后。 be about to do ... when ... 正要去做某事，突然…… be doing ... when ... 正在做某事，突然…… be on the point of doing ... when ... 正在做某事，突然…… We were about to start when it began to rain. 我們正要動身，突然天下起雨來。 The game had hardly/scarcely/barely begun when it started raining. 比賽剛剛開始就下起雨來。 二、while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 while表示＂在某一段時(shí)間里＂或＂在……期間＂，其所引導(dǎo)的從句的動作是延續(xù)性的，并側(cè)重表示和主句的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 When the teacher paraphrased the text in English, the students listened attentively and took notes. 當(dāng)老師用英語解釋課文時(shí)，學(xué)生們聚精會神地聽并做著筆記。 I can learn while I work. 我可以邊工作邊學(xué)習(xí)。 三、as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句其動詞的動作是延續(xù)性的，而且側(cè)重表示主句和從句的動作交替或同時(shí)發(fā)生，譯為＂一邊……，一邊……＂或＂隨著……＂。 We were having breakfast as she was bing her hair. 她梳頭時(shí)我們在吃早飯。 It will warm up a little bit on Sunday as the cold front passes. 寒流一過，星期日就會有點(diǎn)暖意了。 1.（2016全國新課標(biāo)卷III語法填空）Over time, 45 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. 【參考答案】as/when 2.（2016四川卷語法填空）The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 46 it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little forting pats. 【參考答案】When/If 【答案解析】考查時(shí)間狀語從句。句意：如果或當(dāng)它哭的時(shí)候，她會前后搖動。故填When/If。 考向二before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 一、before的常見意思 1. before＂在……之前＂。 I have finished my dissertation before my supervisor went abroad. 在我的導(dǎo)師出國之前，我已完成了我的學(xué)位論文。 I’ll be back before you have left. 你離開之前我就會回來。 2. before＂……之后才＂。 It may be many years before we meet again. 可能要過許多年我們才能再見了。 It was three days before he came back. 他三天后才回來。 3. before ＂尚未來得及 ＂ Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar. 她還沒有來得及動彈，就聽見有很響的聲音，接著就成了可怕的隆隆轟鳴聲。 Before they reached the house, a new great wave came, sweeping down trees, and sweeping them down too. 他們還沒到屋子，又一個(gè)巨浪打來，沖倒了樹，也沖倒了他們。 4. before ＂要……先……＂ You should be a pupil before you bee a teacher. 要當(dāng)老師，先作學(xué)生。 5. before＂趁……＂ You should do it before it is too late. 趁現(xiàn)在還不算太晚，你應(yīng)該趕快做它。 二、掌握熱點(diǎn)句型用法 1. it was（not）/had done＋一段時(shí)間＋before（vt-ed）…＂還要過多久才……（不多久就……了）＂ It was not long before he returned to Beijing. 不久他就回到北京。 It was long before he married Wei Fang. 過了很久他才娶魏芳。 2.it will（not）be＋一段時(shí)間＋before（一般式）… ＂還要過多久才……（不多久就……了）＂ It will be long before he goes abroad. 要過很久他才出國。 3.there is +一段時(shí)間+to go（=left）＋before（一般式）... ＂在……之前＂ 4.long before ＂不久前＂, 用于一般過去時(shí)和完成時(shí)中；before long = soon/not long after ＂不久后＂，用于一般將來時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)中。 1.We need to get to the root of the problem ______________ we can solve it. A. while B. after C. before D. as 【參考答案】C 2.It ________ long before we ________ the result of the experiment. A. will not be；will know B. is；will know C. will not be；know D. is；know 【參考答案】C 【答案解析】句意：不會過很長一段時(shí)間我們就會知道實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。應(yīng)使用It was not long before的創(chuàng)新句型It will not be long before，before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。 2.Scientists say it may be five or six years ________ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. when 【參考答案】C 【答案解析】該句型也是It was not long before的創(chuàng)新句型。句意：科學(xué)家說也許再有5年時(shí)間這種藥就可以在人類身上做實(shí)驗(yàn)了。 考向三as soon as/once/directly/the instant等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 as soon as 是最常見的表示＂一……就……＂的從屬連詞，其他連詞還有once（一旦），directly（老式英國英語），immediately（主要用于英國英語），instantly，the instant (that)，the minute(that) ，the moment(that)等，它們通常都可與as soon as換用。 As soon as we got home, the telephone rang. 我們一到家，電話就響了。 I recognized her immediately I saw her. 我一看見她就認(rèn)出她來了。 Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet. 老師一進(jìn)來，大家就靜了下來。 考向四 hardly...when/no sooner...than引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 hardly/barely/scarcely...when和no sooner...than的意思是＂剛……就＂，它們所引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語動詞通常為過去完成時(shí)。 He had no sooner (no sooner had he) arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他剛一到家，就又要他出另一次差。 ★ hardly/barely/scarcely和no sooner置于句首時(shí)，從句要倒裝。 No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent. 這些話剛一出口，他就意識到自己應(yīng)該保持沉默。 考向五since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 在含有since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，從句的謂語動詞通常為一般過去時(shí)，主句的謂語動詞通常為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 We’ve never met since we graduated from the college. 大學(xué)畢業(yè)后我們就再沒見過面。 Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走了以后，這里發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 1.（2017天津卷完形填空）She had been talking to her mother about the lives of homeless people 42 they first saw the homeless man. A. since B. unless C. although D. as 【參考答案】A 2.I have heard a lot of good things about you I came back from abroad. A. since B. until C. before D. When 【參考答案】A 考向六till/until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 till和until同義，作＂直到……時(shí)(為止)＂解，till多用于非正式文體，until多用于句首。 Donald will remain in college until (till) he finishes his Ph.D course. 唐納德將留在學(xué)校直到完成他的博士學(xué)位課程。 I won’t go with you until (till) I finished my homework. 等我做完作業(yè)我才和你一起去。 注意： not until 置于句首，主句要倒裝。 Not until 4:00 in the morning can he fall asleep. 直到凌晨4點(diǎn)他才睡著。(He can’t fall asleep until 4:00 in the morning.) Not until he returned did we have supper. 直到他回來我們才吃晚飯。 (We didn’t have supper until he returned.) (2017北京卷單項(xiàng)填空)If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _______ you figure it out. A. because B. though C. until D. since 【參考答案】C 【答案解析】A. because 因?yàn)?B. though盡管 C. until 直到 D. since自從。句意：如果你無法理解某個(gè)東西，你可能會去研究，學(xué)習(xí)并和他人探討直到你解決為止，根據(jù)句意可知選用until“直到”，選C。 考向七each time/every time等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 這類連詞主要有every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(隨時(shí))，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次), by the time(當(dāng)……的時(shí)候)。如： You can call me any time you want to. 你隨時(shí)都可以給我打電話。 Each time I went there, I saw him working. 我每次去那兒都看見他在工作。 Every time I see her Ill think of it. 每次我看到她，我就想起這事。 Next time you e in, please close the door. 下次你進(jìn)來，請關(guān)門。 He didnt tell me the last time I saw him. 我上次見到他時(shí)他沒告訴我。 The first time I heard about the firm closing down was when George told me. 我最初聽到公司倒閉的消息是喬治告訴我的。 By the time, he was taken to the hospital he was nearly dead. 他被送到醫(yī)院時(shí)已經(jīng)幾乎不行了。 注意：every time, each time, any time前不用冠詞，(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠詞可以省略，而the first time中的冠詞通常不能省略。 題組一 能力過關(guān) I．單項(xiàng)填空 1. It was 3 in the morning ___________ the earthquake happened. Hundreds were killed, with a lot ___________ in the collapse. A. that；buried B. when；buried C. that；burying D. when；burying 2. __________ it es to traffic rules, I often e across such cases __________ the local drivers obviously know them but won’t follow them. A. If；why B. When；which C. Once；as D. When；where 3. Every time __________ they met, they would talk excitedly for several hours about the schoolmates and incidents __________ they still remembered in the primary school. A. that；who and which B. when；that C. /；that D. when；which 4. Many people have heard of the ＂brain drain＂. This is ___________ happens __________ people with good skills and a good education move to other country for study or work, often at great expense to their home countries. A. which；when B. what；that C. what；when D. why；when 5. —Glad to see you, Kate. —Oh, my God. It’s been 20 years ___________ we last saw each other. A. when B. before C. after D. since 6. He smiled politely ____________ Mary apologized for her drunken friends. A. as B. if C. unless D. though 7. ___________ the poem a second time, the meaning will bee clearer to you. A. Having read B. While reading C. If reading D. When you read 8. The police set about arresting the suspect ___________ they found enough evidence to prove him guilty. A. immediate B. as long as C. the moment D. as far as 9. The police had to employ force ___________ the crowd got out of control. A. the instant B. at the instant C. in an instant D. for an instant 10. If individuals are awakened ___________ they begin a dream phase of a sleep, they are likely to bee irritable even though their total amount of sleep has been sufficient. A.as if B. now that C. each time D. first time when II.語法填空 Eating organic food will not make you healthier, according to researchers at Stanford University, although it could cut your 1 (expose) to pesticides(殺蟲劑).They looked at more than 200 studies of the content and 2 (associate) health gains of organic and non-organic food. Overall, there 3 (be) no difference in the nutritional content, although organic food was 30% less likely 4 (contain) pesticides. The researchers looked at 17 studies paring people who ate organic food 5 those who did not and 223 studies 6 pared the levels of nutrients, bacteria and pesticides in various food. However, none of the human studies ran for longer than two years, 7 (make) conclusions about long-term 8 (oute) impossible. And all of the available evidence was 9 (relative) weak and variable, which the researchers said was unsurprising because of all the different variables. Dr Crystal Smith-Spangler, the lead researcher, said "Some believe organic food is always healthier and more nutritious. But as 10 matter of fact there isn’t much difference between organic and conventional food, if you’re an adult and make decisions based simply on your health." 題組二體驗(yàn)真題 1.(2016天津)______ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for. A. Unless B. Until C. As D. While 2.（2016浙江）______online shopping has changed our life , not all of its effects have been positive. A. Since B. After C. While D. Unless 3.(2015天津) We need to get to the root of the problem______ we can solve it. A. while B. after C. before D. as 題組一 能力過關(guān) I．單項(xiàng)填空 1. B 【解析】考查連詞和非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知the earthquake happened是時(shí)間狀語從句，應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)；第二空動詞bury應(yīng)用非謂語動詞作a lot的賓語補(bǔ)足語，且與a lot之間是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，故用buried，選B項(xiàng)。 3. C 【解析】考查狀語從句和定語從句。句意：每次見面，他們都會興奮地聊上好幾個(gè)小時(shí)關(guān)于小學(xué)時(shí)的同學(xué)和事情。every time可直接引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，不需要再加連接詞，第二個(gè)空為定語從句，當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that，故C項(xiàng)正確。 4. C 【解析】考查表語從句和時(shí)間狀語從句。句意：許多人都聽說過＂人才外流＂。這是當(dāng)有好技能和好的教育的人搬到另外一個(gè)國家學(xué)習(xí)或工作的時(shí)候發(fā)生的事情，經(jīng)常以他們的祖國作為代價(jià)。第一空是引導(dǎo)表語從句，從句缺主語，用what引導(dǎo)，第二空是引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，用when引導(dǎo)。故選C。 5. D 【解析】考查連詞。句意：——凱特，很高興見到你。——天?。∽詮奈覀兩洗蜗嘁娨呀?jīng)20年了。A. when＂當(dāng)……的時(shí)候＂；B. before＂在……之前＂；C. after＂在……之后＂；D. since＂自從＂。since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，從句的時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去時(shí)，而主句中用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選D。 6. A 【解析】句意：當(dāng)瑪麗為她醉酒的朋友道歉的時(shí)候，他有禮貌地笑了笑。此處as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示＂當(dāng)……的時(shí)候＂。if＂如果＂，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；unless＂除非＂，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；though＂盡管＂，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。 7. D 【解析】考查時(shí)間狀語從句。句意：當(dāng)你再次閱讀這首詩的時(shí)候，它的意思將變得更清晰。逗號后面的句子主語是the meaning，前面動詞是read，the meaning不是read的邏輯主語，不能用非謂語動詞作狀語，要用when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。故選D。 8. C 【解析】the moment意為＂一……就……＂，引導(dǎo)狀語從句。句意：警察一掌握足夠的證明他有罪的證據(jù)后就開始著手逮捕這個(gè)嫌疑犯了。 9. A 【解析】考查連詞短語。句意：人群一旦失控，警察不得不動用武力。the instant是連詞短語，意為＂一……就＂；at the instant在那個(gè)瞬間；in an instant很快；for an instant一會兒。故選A。 10. C 【解析】考查時(shí)間狀語從句。句意：如果人們在一個(gè)開始做夢的睡眠階段被吵醒，他們可能變得急躁，即使他們的睡眠總量是足夠的。as if 表示＂好似＂；now that表示＂既然＂；each time表示＂每次＂，多用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句；first time when表示＂第一次當(dāng)……的時(shí)候＂，故選C。 II.語法填空 【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，吃有機(jī)食物并不會讓你更健康。 1.exposure 【解析】考查名詞。據(jù)斯坦福大學(xué)的研究者所說，吃有機(jī)食物不會讓你更健康，盡管它能讓你少接觸殺蟲劑。根據(jù)空前的"your"及空后的介詞"to"可知，此處應(yīng)填名詞。exposure"遭受，接觸"。 3.was 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)句中的"was"及此處陳述的是過去研究的結(jié)果可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí);又因主語為"no difference"，故謂語動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)。故填was。 4.to contain 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。be likely to do sth.是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為"有可能做某事"，故此處應(yīng)填不定式to contain。 5.with 【解析】考查介詞。此處指研究者將吃有機(jī)食物的人和不吃有機(jī)食物的人作比較。pare...with... 是固定搭配，意為"比較……，與……相比"。 6.that/which 【解析】考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在此引導(dǎo)定語從句，且在從句中作主語，先行詞是"223 studies"，故填關(guān)系代詞that/which。 7.making 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子中已有謂語動詞"ran"，故此處應(yīng)填非謂語動詞。又因動詞"make"與其邏輯主語"none of the human studies"之間是主謂關(guān)系，故此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。 8.outes 【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。oute"結(jié)果，后果"為可數(shù)名詞且其前無限定詞修飾，故此處應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式outes。 9.relatively 【解析】考查副詞。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾形容詞"weak and variable"，故填relatively"相對地"。 10.a 【解析】考查冠詞。as a matter of fact"事實(shí)上"是固定搭配。故填不定冠詞a。 題組二 體驗(yàn)真題 3.C 【解析】句意：在我們解決問題之前，我們需要找到問題的根源。while當(dāng)……時(shí)候，而； after在……之后； before 在……之前； as正如。根據(jù)句意可知選C。