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Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern hero ***閱讀理解。 Its generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay $5 for a caramel brule latte because they like expensive coffee drinks. Its undeniable that behavior es from our inner dispositions(性情),but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bem, by observing our own behavior. We can be strangers to ourselves. If we knew our own minds, why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually, we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are. Moreover, we dont just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character — we infer characters that werent there before. Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize.Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didnt.Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition. Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people bee what they do, though it may not be in pliance(符合) with their true desires. Therefore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonneguts advice: "We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be." 1.According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are monly believed to　　　. A. determine ones behavior B. reflect ones taste C. influence ones surroundings D. result from ones habits 2.Which of the following would Daryl Bem most probably agree with? A. The return of a wallet can indicate ones honesty. B.A kind person will offer his seat to the old. C. One recycles plastics to protect the environment. D. One buys latte out of true love of coffee. 3.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage? A. We fail to realize our inner dispositions. B. We can be influenced by outside pressures. C. Our behavior is the result of our true desires. D. Our characters can shape our social relationships. 4.What does the author mainly discuss in the passage? A. Personalities and attitudes. B. Preferences and habits. C. Behavior and personalities. D. Attitudes and preferences. 【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。觀其行知其人，那么行為又是由什么來決定的呢? 1.A 【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段的第一句話可知答案。人們通常認(rèn)為性格和態(tài)度決定一個人的行為。故選A。 3.B 【解析】考查推理判斷。畫線部分實際上是一個例子，例子前面往往是觀點,因此根據(jù)畫線部分前一句可知答案。我們有時候會受到外界壓力的影響。故選B。 4.C 【解析】考查主旨大意。全文主要闡述的是人的行為和性格的關(guān)系，所以選擇C項。 ***.語法填空。 (2017全國卷Ⅲ)She looks like any other schoolgirl, freshfaced and full of life.Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new Alevel course. But unlike her school friends, 16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm __1__ (rest). Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as __2__ model in New York. Sarah __3__(tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model fulltime. But Sarah, __4__ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants __5__ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her __6__ (educate)． She has turned down several __7__(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree __8__ engineering or architecture. Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school __9__(e) first. I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is __10__(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I dont want to have nothing else to fall back on when I cant model anymore.” 1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 5．________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 9．________ 　10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。16歲的薩拉作為一名模特兒表現(xiàn)出色，她父親想讓她放棄學(xué)業(yè)專心從事模特兒行業(yè)，但薩拉認(rèn)為學(xué)業(yè)優(yōu)先，應(yīng)努力成為一個既有美貌又有智慧的女性。 1．resting　考查非謂語動詞。spend time (in) doing sth.為固定搭配，此處表示薩拉沒有花半學(xué)期的時間來休息。 2．a(chǎn)　考查冠詞。句意：相反，她在紐約作為一名模特兒每天收入6,500英鎊。用不定冠詞a表泛指。 3．was told　考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，薩拉應(yīng)該是“被告知”她能成為英國新的超模兒，故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。 4．who　考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。引導(dǎo)詞代替先行詞Sarah在從句中作主語，且指人，故用who。 5．to prove　考查非謂語動詞。want to do sth. “想要做某事”，為固定搭配。 6．education　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞性物主代詞her應(yīng)該用來修飾名詞，educate的名詞形式是education。 7．invitations　考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。several “幾個”，其后的可數(shù)名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 8．in　考查介詞。關(guān)于某個專業(yè)的學(xué)位要用介詞in。a degree in engineering or architecture “工程學(xué)或建筑學(xué)學(xué)位”。 9．es　考查動詞的時態(tài)。此處為陳述客觀事實，故用一般現(xiàn)在時。 10．certainly　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)該用副詞來修飾形容詞fun, certain的副詞形式為certainly。 ***完形填空 A taxi driver taught me a lesson in customer satisfaction and expectations.Inspiring speakers __1__ thousands of dollars to give this kind of training to corporate directors and staff.It cost me only a $12 __2__ ride. I had __3__ into Dallas just for the purpose of calling on a client.Time was precious and my __4__ included a quick roundtrip from and back to the airport.A __5__ taxi pulled up.The driver rushed to __6__ the passenger door for me and made sure I was __7__ seated before he closed the door.As he got in the drivers seat，he __8__ that the neatly folded Wall Street Journal next to me was for my use.He then showed me several __9__ and asked me what type of music I would enjoy. I could not believe the __10__ I was receiving！I took the opportunity to say，“__11__ you take great pride in your work.You must have a __12__ to share.” “You bet，” he __13__，“I used to be in Corporate America.But I was tired of thinking my best would never be good enough.I __14__ to find my right position in life，where I could feel __15__ of being the best.I love driving cars，and feeling like I have done a full days work and done it __16__.So I chose to bee a __17__.One thing I know for sure，to be good in my business I just have to meet the expectations of my passengers.__18__，to be great in my business，I have to go __19__ the customers expectations！” The taxi driver taught me a great life __20__：Go an extra mile when providing any service to others. 1．A.offer　　　　 B．charge C．pay D．a(chǎn)fford 2．A.taxi B．bus C．car D．train 3．A.driven B．flown C．ran D．cycled 4．A.hope B．purpose C．plan D．choice 5．A.private B．rough C．slow D．clean 6．A.open B．lock C．push D．shut 7．A.silently B．fortably C．tightly D．casually 8．A.declared B．concluded C．found D．mentioned 9．A.pictures B．maps C．tapes D．books 10．A.service B．gift C．invitation D．a(chǎn)dvice 11．A.Actually B．Obviously C．Gradually D．Suddenly 12．A.chance B．secret C．story D．ride 13．A.whispered B．a(chǎn)rgued C．sighed D．replied 14．A.decided B．promised C．happened D．hesitated 15．A.careful B．proud C．a(chǎn)fraid D．curious 16．A.early B．rapidly C．cautiously D．well 17．A.driver B．director C．client D．speaker 18．A.Besides B．Therefore C．However D．Perhaps 19．A.against B．within C．over D．beyond 20．A.method B．experience C．lesson D．standard 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了一名出租車司機給作者上了一堂關(guān)于如何達(dá)到客戶滿意和期望的課。 【難句分析】One thing I know for sure，to be good in my business I just have to meet the expectations of my passengers. 分析：本句是一個復(fù)合句。I know for sure是定語從句。 譯文：有一件事我可以肯定，那就是想要做好生意，我就必須要滿足我的乘客的期望。 　　【核心詞匯】corporate adj.公司的　client n．客戶 precious adj.珍貴的　extra adj.額外的 1．B　根據(jù)空后的“thousands of dollars to give this kind of training to corporate directors and staff.It cost me only a $12”可知，勵志演講家的培訓(xùn)是要收費的。charge表示“收費”，符合語境。 2．A　根據(jù)文章第一句“A taxi driver taught me a lesson in customer satisfaction and expectations”可知，出租車司機收作者12美元。 3．B　根據(jù)第二段第二句的“Time was precious and my __4__ included a quick aroundtrip from and back to the airport”可知，作者當(dāng)時是乘飛機去的。 4．C　根據(jù)語境可知，時間很珍貴，作者的計劃中包括往返機場的旅程。 5．D　根據(jù)下文的“the neatly folded Wall Street Journal next to me was for my use”可推知，出租車很干凈。 6．A　結(jié)合“the passenger door for me”可推知，司機趕快跑過來給作者開車門。 7．B　根據(jù)語境可推知，該司機注重乘客的滿意度，所以他一定確保作者乘坐舒適。 8．D　根據(jù)語境可推知，司機向乘客提醒有雜志可看。mention“提到”。 9．C　根據(jù)空后的“asked me what type of music I would enjoy”可推知，司機給作者拿出幾盤音樂磁帶讓他選擇。 10．A　根據(jù)空后的“I was receiving”可推知，作者對出租車司機提供的服務(wù)非常吃驚，不敢相信。receive the service“接受服務(wù)”。 11．B　由空后的“You must have a __12__ to share”以及語境可推知，顯而易見，作者認(rèn)為出租車司機為自己的工作自豪。 12．C　根據(jù)空后的“to share”以及語境可推知，此處表示有故事分享。 13．D　根據(jù)語境可知，司機回應(yīng)了作者的推斷。 14．A　根據(jù)空前的“I was tired of thinking”可推知，司機決定行動起來，找到生活中合適的位置而不是一味地想想。 15．B　根據(jù)第三段第二句的“you take great pride in your work”可推知，司機想做到最好并為自己的工作自豪。 16．D　根據(jù)語境可推知，司機想把工作做好。 17．A　根據(jù)語境可知，他決定轉(zhuǎn)行當(dāng)一名司機。 18．C　根據(jù)語境可知，上下文表示邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用However“然而”。 19．D　根據(jù)文章最后一句“Go an extra mile when providing any service to others”可知，要想做到最好，就要多為客戶考慮，超出客戶的期望。beyond“超出”。 20．C　根據(jù)文章開頭“A taxi driver taught me a lesson in customer satisfaction and expectations”可知，此處表示司機給作者上了生動的一課。 ***短文改錯 Nowadays, its fashionable for young student to have iPads. Used an iPad, we can listen to music, download a lot of learning materials and read it. Obviously, its of great help with our studies, especial with our English listening skills. Some students, however, bring their iPads to the classroom listening to music with earphones, but some even playing video games, which make teachers and students greatly annoyed. For my opinion, the classroom is a place to study, and concentration was terribly needed. Therefore, we should make a good use of iPads and other modern munication tools to help with our lessons. Meanwhile, schools should make some rules instruct the students to use iPads properly. 答案： Nowadays, its fashionable for young to have iPads. an iPad, we can listen to music, download a lot of learning materials and read . Obviously, its of great help with our studies, with our English listening skills. Some students, however, bring their iPads to the classroom listening to music with earphones, some even playing video games, which teachers and students greatly annoyed. my opinion, the classroom is a place to study, and concentration terribly needed. Therefore, we should makegood use of iPads and other modern munication tools to help with our lessons. Meanwhile, schools should make some rules instruct the students to use iPads properly. 難項分析： 第二處：Used→Using　考查非謂語動詞。邏輯主語we和use之間是主謂關(guān)系，且use所表示的動作和句子謂語動詞download和read所表示的動作同時發(fā)生，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。 第六處：make→makes　考查主謂一致。which指代的是前面整句話的內(nèi)容，所以定語從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式makes。 第十處：rules后加to　考查非謂語動詞。此處用不定式短語充當(dāng)目的狀語。 ***