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專題二十 人物故事類閱讀+科普知識(shí)類閱讀+完形填空+書面表達(dá) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2018山東聊城一模) Strongest Female Literary Characters of All Time There are some of history’s most inspiring and great females who can be found on the pages of these novels. Elizabeth Bennet Called “Lizzie” or “Eliza” by her family and friends,Elizabeth Bennet is the stubborn and clever heroine from the 1813 Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice.She’s the second eldest of five daughters in the Bennet family,and like the rest of her sisters,she is expected to marry for status and money,not for love.To remain true to herself,she would rather remain single,a concept that was unheard at that time. Nancy Drew She first appeared in the 1930s but remains one of the most iconic female characters in all of literature.Created by Edward Stratemeyer,Nancy Drew wasn’t simply a pretty girl.Instead,the bold,physically strong,and fiercely intelligent Nancy used her superior intelligence—not her looks—to solve a series of mysteries. Josephine March Jo March is the second eldest daughter in the March family and is a central focus in the novel Little Women,published by Louisa May Alcott in 1868.At 15,she is strong-willed,confident,and literary and unlike her sisters.She is outspoken and uninterested in marriage.Jo both struggles with and challenges society’s expectations of how women in the 19th century should carry themselves,making her one of literature’s most daring female characters. Hester Prynne Recognized by some critics as one of the most important characters in female literature,Hester Prynne is the leading character in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s 1850 novel,The Scarlet Letter.Married but separated by distance from her husband,Hester has an affair with a minister and bees pregnant. 【語篇解讀】本文是人物故事類閱讀。介紹了四個(gè)小說中最鼓舞人心、最偉大的女性。 1.Why would Elizabeth Bennet rather remain single? A.She is too stubborn. B.She doesn’t want to cheat herself. C.She doesn’t want to marry for love. D.She was the eldest daughter of the family. 答案B 解析細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)Elizabeth Bennet中“To remain true to herself,she would rather remain single,a concept that was unheard at that time.”可知,Elizabeth Bennet不想為金錢和地位結(jié)婚,不想欺騙自己,所以保持單身。答案為B項(xiàng)。 2.What is Nancy Drew like? 　 　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 　　 A.Kind. B.Outspoken. C.Clever. D.Proud. 答案C 解析細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)Nancy Drew中“the bold,physically strong,and fiercely intelligent Nancy used her superior intelligence—not her looks—to solve a series of mysteries.”可知,Nancy Drew勇敢、強(qiáng)壯和聰明,clever是她的一個(gè)重要特征,所以選擇C項(xiàng)。 3.Who created Josephine March? A.Jane Austen. B.Edward Stratemeyer. C.Louisa May Alcott. D.Nathaniel Hawthorne. 答案C 解析細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)Josephine March中“Jo March is the second eldest daughter in the March family and is a central focus in the novel Little Women,published by Louisa May Alcott in 1868.”可知,Josephine March是Louisa May Alcott在1868年出版的小說Little Women中的中心人物。答案為C項(xiàng)。 4.What is the right order of the time these females appeared in novels? a.Elizabeth Bennet b.Nancy Drew c.Josephine March d.Hester Prynne A.dcab B.adbc C.cdba D.adcb 答案D 解析細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)文中“Elizabeth Bennet is the stubborn and clever heroine from the 1813...Prejudice”;“She first appeared in the 1930s...literature” ;“Jo March...is a central focus in the novel Little Women,published by Louisa May Alcott in 1868”;“ Hester Prynne is the leading character in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s 1850 novel”可知,D項(xiàng)是按照人物出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間順序排列的。 B (2018河北邯鄲質(zhì)檢) To fight for the conservation of forest ecosystem,several ecologists including Daniel Janzen convinced Del Oro,an orange juice producer,to donate part of their forestland to a national park.In return,Del Oro was allowed to throw large amounts of waste in the form of orange peels(皮) on a 3-hectare piece of land within the national park at no cost.Dealing with tons of leftover peels usually involved burning them or paying to have them poured into a landfill,so the proposal was very attractive. But a year later,another juice pany challenged the deal in court,arguing that their petitor was “polluting a national park”.They ended up winning,and the deal between Del Oro and the national park fell through. Then in 2013,while discussing possible research avenues with Timothy Treuer,Daniel Janzen mentioned the orange peel story.Feeling interested,Treuer decided to stop by that piece of land that had been covered with fruit waste 15 years earlier.What he found shocked him. “While I would walk over exposed rock and dead grass in the nearby fields,I’d have to climb through undergrowth and cut paths through walls of vines(藤) in the orange peel site itself,”said Timothy Treuer. Treuer and his team spent months picking up samples(樣品),analyzing and paring them.They found great differences between the areas covered with orange peels and those that were not.The area with orange waste had richer soil. The effect that the orange peels had on the land is probably not that surprising to people familiar with posting(施肥),but what is really shocking is that a judge actually thought the waste of orange “ruined” a national park and stopped it from going forward.Now that Timothy Treuer’s study has received worldwide attention,this type of “ruining” is being seriously considered as a way of bringing forests back to life. 【語篇解讀】本文是科普知識(shí)類閱讀。主要講述了橘子皮對(duì)土壤的積極作用。 5.What did Del Oro usually do with orange peels? A.Add them to fuel. B.Feed them to animals. C.Burn or bury them. D.Make them into cakes. 答案C 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話“Dealing with tons of leftover peels usually involved burning them or paying to have them poured into a landfill...attractive”可知,之前處理橘子皮一般要燒掉或掩埋掉。答案為C項(xiàng)。 6.What can we know about the deal between Del Oro and the national park? A.It lasted 15 years. B.It was signed by Treuer. C.It was made in about 1998. D.It was broken by Del Oro. 答案C 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Then in 2013,while discussing possible research avenues with Timothy Treuer,Daniel Janzen mentioned the orange peel story.Feeling interested,Treuer decided to stop by that piece of land that had been covered with fruit waste 15 years earlier.”可以推出,15年前Del Oro與national park達(dá)成協(xié)議,由此計(jì)算具體應(yīng)該是在1998年,所以答案為C項(xiàng)。 7.What was Treuer’s finding? A.Orange peels contain much fibre. B.Orange peels can make soil richer. C.Orange peels rot away in a short time. D.Orange waste ruined the national park. 答案B 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“They found great differences between the areas covered with orange peels and those that were not.The area with orange waste had richer soil.”可知,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)被傾倒過橘子皮的土地更肥沃,所以答案為B項(xiàng)。 8.What is the author’s attitude toward the judge mentioned in the last paragraph? A.Disapproving. B.Positive. C.Worried. D.Admirable. 答案A 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“...but what is really shocking is that a judge actually thought the waste of orange ‘ruined’ a national park and stopped it from going forward.”可知,這位法官認(rèn)為橘子皮毀壞了公園的發(fā)展,而作者在文章最后一句話“this type of ‘ruining’ is being seriously considered as a way of bringing forests back to life.”中指出,研究表明,橘子皮實(shí)際上使森林恢復(fù)了生機(jī),所以作者不贊成法官的觀點(diǎn)。答案為A項(xiàng)。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2018陜西西安八校聯(lián)考) Many years ago in a small Indian village,a farmer had the misfortune of owing a large sum of money to a village moneylender.The moneylender,who was old and ugly,　1　 the farmer’s beautiful daughter.So he proposed a 　2　.He said he would forgive the farmer’s 　3　 if he could marry his daughter. Both the farmer and his daughter were horrified by the　4　.So the cunning moneylender suggested that he put a 　5　 pebble(鵝卵石)and a white pebble into an empty money bag,　6　 the girl would have to pick one pebble from the bag.　7　 she picked the black pebble,she would bee his 　8　 and her father’s debt would be forgiven.If she picked the white pebble she 　9　 marry him and her father’s debt would still be forgiven.If she 　10　 to pick a pebble,her father would be thrown into jail. They were standing on a pebble-strewn 　11　 in the farmer’s field when the moneylender bent over to 　12　 two pebbles.As he picked them up,the sharp-eyed girl 　13　 that he had picked up two black pebbles and put them into the bag. The girl put her hand into the moneybag and drew out a 　14　.Without looking at it,she fumbled and let it 　15　 onto the pebble-strewn path where it 　16　 became lost among all the other pebbles. “Oh,how 　17　 of me!” she said.“But never mind,if you look into the bag for the one that is 　18　,you will be able to tell which pebble I picked.” The moneylender dared not admit his 　19　.The girl changed what seemed an 　20　 situation into an extremely advantageous one. 【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。不幸的農(nóng)夫欠了放債者很多錢。放債者想娶農(nóng)夫漂亮的女兒,于是他想到了一個(gè)壞主意:讓農(nóng)夫的女兒挑選袋子中的鵝卵石。如果她挑中黑色的鵝卵石,那么就要嫁給他,當(dāng)然這樣可以免去她父親的債務(wù);如果她挑中白色的鵝卵石,她可以不嫁給他,但同樣免去她父親的債務(wù)。聰明的姑娘機(jī)智地戰(zhàn)勝了邪惡的放債者。 1.A.envied B.married C.fancied D.helped 答案C 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“嫉妒”;B項(xiàng)“娶,嫁”;C項(xiàng)“想象,設(shè)想,喜愛”;D項(xiàng)“幫助”。根據(jù)第三段中的“she would bee his 　8　...marry him and...”可知,放債者愛慕農(nóng)夫的女兒,希望娶她為妻。答案為C項(xiàng)。 2.A.meeting B.change C.bargain D.toast 答案C 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“會(huì)議”;B項(xiàng)“改變”;C項(xiàng)“交易,便宜貨”;D項(xiàng)“干杯”。根據(jù)句意可知,放債者為了娶到農(nóng)夫的女兒提出了一個(gè)“交易”的辦法。答案為C項(xiàng)。 3.A.debt B.payment C.fault D.pride 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“債務(wù)”;B項(xiàng)“支付,付款”;C項(xiàng)“錯(cuò)誤,瑕疵,毛病”;D項(xiàng)“自豪,驕傲”。根據(jù)第二段最后一句中的“would be forgiven”可知,如果農(nóng)夫的女兒嫁給他,他就會(huì)免除農(nóng)夫的債務(wù)。答案為A項(xiàng)。 4.A.thought B.advice C.plan D.proposal 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“思想”;B項(xiàng)“建議”;C項(xiàng)“計(jì)劃”;D項(xiàng)“建議,倡議”。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知,那個(gè)放債人的建議不懷好意,因此農(nóng)夫和女兒很害怕。答案為D項(xiàng)。 5.A.sharp B.black C.mon D.small 答案B 解析行文邏輯題。A項(xiàng)“鋒利的,尖銳的,刺耳的,敏銳的”;B項(xiàng)“黑色的”;C項(xiàng)“普通的,共同的”;D項(xiàng)“小的”。根據(jù)下文“she picked the black pebble”可知此處應(yīng)該選擇B項(xiàng)。 6.A.for B.and C.but D.or 答案B 解析行文邏輯題。放債者的建議是把一個(gè)黑色的鵝卵石和一個(gè)白色的鵝卵石放進(jìn)一個(gè)空的錢袋里,然后那女孩從袋子里挑一顆石子。此處表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,所以答案為B項(xiàng)。 7.A.Because B.Although C.If D.Since 答案C 解析行文邏輯題。如果她挑選了黑色的鵝卵石,她就成為他的妻子,她父親的債務(wù)可以被免除。答案為C項(xiàng)。 8.A.moneylender B.servant C.wife D.daughter 答案C 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“放債者”;B項(xiàng)“仆人”;C項(xiàng)“妻子”;D項(xiàng)“女兒”。根據(jù)第一段“if he could marry his daughter.”可知,放債者希望通過這種方法娶到農(nóng)夫的女兒,所以答案為C項(xiàng)。 9.A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。根據(jù)放債者提出的條件可知,如果她選到白色的鵝卵石就不必嫁給他。答案為D項(xiàng)。 10.A.pretended B.agreed C.refused D.decided 答案C 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“假裝”;B項(xiàng)“同意”;C項(xiàng)“拒絕”;D項(xiàng)“決定”。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“her father would be thrown into jail”可知,如果她拒絕選一塊鵝卵石她的父親就會(huì)被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。答案為C項(xiàng)。 11.A.path B.area C.place D.garden 答案A 解析行文邏輯題。根據(jù)文章第四段第二句“onto the pebble-strewn path”可知,他們站在一條有很多鵝卵石的小路上,名詞path在文中重復(fù)使用,所以答案為A項(xiàng)。 12.A.throw away B.ask for C.pick up D.point at 答案C 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“扔掉”;B項(xiàng)“請(qǐng)求”;C項(xiàng)“撿起,拾起,拿起,恢復(fù),用車接某人,學(xué)會(huì),買到便宜貨”;D項(xiàng)“指向”。根據(jù)句中“bent over”可知,放債者彎腰撿起鵝卵石。答案為C項(xiàng)。 13.A.ignored B.warned C.noticed D.suggested 答案C 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“忽視,忽略,不理睬”;B項(xiàng)“警告,警示”;C項(xiàng)“注意到”;D項(xiàng)“建議,表明,暗示”。當(dāng)放債者撿起鵝卵石時(shí),目光敏銳的女孩注意到他撿了兩個(gè)黑色的鵝卵石放在袋子里。答案為C項(xiàng)。 14.A.penny B.pebble C.coin D.piece 答案B 解析文化常識(shí)題。根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷,女孩把手放進(jìn)錢袋,抓出來的應(yīng)該是鵝卵石。答案為B項(xiàng)。 15.A.roll B.fall C.fly D.move 答案B 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“滾動(dòng)”;B項(xiàng)“落下”;C項(xiàng)“飛行”;D項(xiàng)“移動(dòng),搬家”。女孩故意將鵝卵石掉落在鋪滿鵝卵石的小路上。答案為B項(xiàng)。 16.A.interestingly B.mysteriously C.unexpectedly D.immediately 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“有趣地”;B項(xiàng)“神秘地”;C項(xiàng)“始料不及地,意外地”;D項(xiàng)“立刻,馬上”。鵝卵石掉落在小路上,立刻消失在其他鵝卵石中,找不到了。答案為D項(xiàng)。 17.A.clumsy B.forgetful C.stupid D.hopeless 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“笨拙的”;B項(xiàng)“健忘的”;C項(xiàng)“愚蠢的”;D項(xiàng)“沒有希望的,絕望的”。根據(jù)第四段第二句“she fumbled and let it 　15　 onto the pebble path”可知,農(nóng)夫的女兒故意把鵝卵石掉在路上,還自責(zé)說自己笨手笨腳,以免引起懷疑,所以答案為A項(xiàng)。 18.A.held B.chosen C.found D.left 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。兩塊鵝卵石掉落一塊,看一下袋子里面的那塊就知道剛才拿出來的是什么顏色的石頭了。答案為D項(xiàng)。 19.A.dishonesty B.worry C.mistake D.guilt 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“不誠實(shí)”;B項(xiàng)“擔(dān)憂,憂慮”;C項(xiàng)“錯(cuò)誤”;D項(xiàng)“犯錯(cuò),錯(cuò)誤,毛病,瑕疵”。放債人放進(jìn)了兩塊黑色的鵝卵石,他不敢承認(rèn)他自己的不誠實(shí)。答案為A項(xiàng)。 20.A.impossible B.embarrassing C.urgent D.unbelievable 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“不可能的”;B項(xiàng)“令人尷尬的”;C項(xiàng)“緊急的”;D項(xiàng)“難以置信的”。農(nóng)夫的女兒把不可能的情形變成了非常有利于自己的情形。答案為A項(xiàng)。 Ⅲ.書面表達(dá) (2018四川成都月考) 假如你是李華,當(dāng)今網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)把世界變成了真正的“全球村”,作為一名中學(xué)生,請(qǐng)你給某報(bào)社寫一封信,就網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)教育的影響談?wù)勀愕目捶ā? 要點(diǎn): 1.網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)教育影響的利弊各一條及你的理由; 2.你的建議一條。 注意: 1.詞數(shù)100左右; 2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。 參考范文 Dear Sir/Madam, The Internet has transformed the world into a global village,altering all aspects of our life,especially education.Here,I am writing to share my thoughts on its positive effect as well as negative one. The most obvious advantage lies in the wide choice of courses.Learners can have access to the courses tailored for personal needs,regardless of time and space.As a result,learning occurs in such an efficient way that gaining knowledge is easier than ever. The downside is just as noticeable.Along with individualized courses,the Internet presents half-truths that puzzle the young minds where self-control and judging power are still forming. Therefore,I strongly suggest that the use of the Internet should be under supervision of adults. Yours faithfully, Li Hua